“解蔽”与“遮蔽”的技术消费——共享经济中信息技术的哲学研究

共享经济作为一种新型的消费模式,在全球范围内飞速发展。在这样一种本质为"技消费"的新型消费形态中,信息技术在其中既"解蔽"又"遮蔽"了消费:一方面,它使我们已有的消费需求实现了从一定程度的"混沌"到更为清晰明了的转变,同时又使我们潜在的消费需求得到挖掘,使我们能够更好地认识消费,从而通过技术使得消费在更高层面上实现人的存在本性——需要;但另一方面,它会使共享经济中我们的消费理性和消费技能建立于技术理性之上,消费者受到技术更大的"宰制",这可能引发"技术理性战胜个体理性"和共享经济中"操作自主性"的加强。为了避免共享经济中新的消费"遮蔽"所带来的负面可能性,需要在社会建构技术的基础上,改写已有共享经济中的"技术代码",从而避免消费个体可能因"遮蔽"所带来的新的"异化"。

Techniques to Reduce the Energy Consumption in Building in Hot Arid Rejoin （Iraq）

The Iraqi climate is extremely hot and arid zone covers a belt between latitude （29°N to 36°N）. The energy required for air conditioning of Iraqi buildings is about 60% of the entire energy consumption in buildings. This research deals with the possibility of using different technics for the reducing energy consumption in buildings by blocking or eliminates the effect of direct solar radiation in summer season. This study deals with different local insulation materials which were added to the south face of walls surface of Iraqi buildings, as well as built water spray system upon the exterior roof surface to minimize the effect of incident solar radiation upon the roofs and wall surfaces. The results showed that thermal conductivity of local insulation materials （papyrus） are very low, also the results showed that when using water spray roof system, gives good indication to use this method in hot arid rejoins.

Analysis on the Transformation of Marketing Strategy and the Countermeasures under the Network Economic Times

In this paper, we theoretically analyze the transformation of marketing strategy and the countermeasures under the network economic times. Network marketing is based on the network technology, including the whole process of marketing activities as a new form of marketing. In this paper, we analyze the issue from the listed perspectives. （1） Ultra space-and-time. The traditional marketing has very strong boundedness to the region, and this boundedness displays, the specifi c transaction can only be closed in the specific region, if the enterprise wants to expand the market share, only then establishes the retailing organization. （2） Interactivity. Network as a media, with the one-on-one interaction, this feature allows companies to basic communicate with consumers, and strengthen consumer participation, to determine the product form, function and the price. （3） The symmetry of information. Consumers can fi nd all kinds of that related products on the Internet information, there are plenty of time to judge the various products and prices. Companies will also be released in a timely manner on the Internet the company’s latest product information. Under this basis, we propose the new idea on the network marketing development direction that will help to build up the more efficient marketing system.

A Survey on a Heat Exchangers Network to Decrease Energy Consumption by Using Pinch Technology

There are several ways to increase the efficiency of energy consumption and to decrease energy consumption. In this paper. the application of pinch technology in analysis of the heat exchangers network （HEN） in order to reduce the energy consumption in a thermal system is studied. Therefore, in this grass root design, the optimum value of △Tmin, is obtained about 10℃and area efficiency （a） is 0.95. The author also depicted the grid diagram and driving force plot for additional analysis. In order to increase the amount of energy saving, heat transfer from above to below the pinch point in the diagnosis stage is verified for all options including re-sequencing, re-piping, add heat exchanger and splitting of the flows. Results show that this network has a low potential of retrofit to decrease the energy consumption, which pinch principles are planned to optimize energy consumption of the unit. Regarding the results of pinch analysis, it is suggested that in order to reduce the energy consumption, no alternative changes in the heat exchangers network of the unit is required. The acquired results show that the constancy of network is completely confirmed by the high area efficiency infirmity of the heat exchanger to pass the pinch point and from of deriving force plot.

Consumer Perception of Goat Cheese Using Word Association Technique

The word association technique was used to study the perception of Uruguayan consumers with regards to goat cheese and compare it with the perception of other cheeses sold in this market. For this, 149 subjects were presented with five different questionnaires to complete with their perceptions of the following cheeses Colonia, Parmesan, Camembert, goat and sheep cheese. The instructions were as follows： ＂Please, write down all the words, descriptions, associations, thoughts or feelings that come to your mind in connection with these products＂. Afterwards, these words were grouped into 16 categories： animal, color, like, dislike, eyes （of the cheese）, feelings, flavor, knowledge/consumption, meals and food, occasions, origin, price, quality, rind, smell and texture. Goat cheese was highly associated with factors related to flavor （51.7%） and texture （34.2%）. Participants used a wide range of terms, many contradictory （sour, bitter, strong, tasty, mild, bland, creamy, pasty, soft and hard） to describe this cheese. Such diversity in responses may reflect the difference among brands in Uruguay or lack of knowledge on goat cheese. There was also variation in perception in color categories （27.5%）, dislike （17.4%） and smell （21.5%）. The dislike for this cheese reflected in the choice of words such as ＂stinky＂ and ＂smelly＂ is mainly associated with negative connotations for smell （fetid and malodorous）. Three groups of consumers were identified based on the frequency of consumption of goat cheese. When frequency of consumption decreased, the percentage of mention of the categories like, meals and food and flavor also decreased, whereas the frequency of mention of the categories animal, knowledge/consumption and dislike increased. These results suggest that word association might be an interesting, easy and quick qualitative technique to gather useful information about consumer perceptions of cheese products.

Advertise With Social Discourse, as a Brand Positioning Technique： The Focuse on Consumers Advertising

This study examines the nature of the social discourse of advertising used as a brand positioning discourse. The focus is on consumer advertising, which is directed toward the promotion of some product or service to the general public. This paper aimed at analyzing some different commercial advertisements [product/non-product ads] to investigate the intentions and techniques of consumer product companies to reach more consumers and sell more products. Norman Fairclough＇s 3-D model and Kress and Van Leeuwen＇s grammar of visual design were used to analyze the data for professionals, but we are pointed on using stereotypes. When we consider gender stereotypes, we look at notions about the supposedly traditional behaviors of men and women and the characteristics and standards of these behaviors, as grounded in our culture and society. In addition, this study provides analyses of some ads, using different ways of interpretations. All materials are taken from Latvian media.

Incentives to Invest in Improving Quality in the Telecommunications Industry

This paper investigates the incentives of invest in improving quality （as opposed to investments in new activities） in the telecommunications industry, based on the example of wireless markets. What is the impact of competition on incentives to invest, and on capacities to invest？ What is the role of the rate of penetration and technical progress？ This paper highlights the fact that investment incentives are positively related to potential for technical progress. Investment incentives also depend on market structure, competition intensity, and penetration rate, but not monotonically. This paper consists of a theoretical part which, under assumptions of full market coverage and market share symmetry, shows that for each national market, there is a target level of investment which companies strive to achieve but had not exceeded, and an empirical part that confirms the findings of the theoretical part and explains the differences with the theoretical part by relaxing the assumptions of full coverage and market share symmetry. This target level on the one hand depends on the potential for technical progress and on the other hand, depends on the rate of penetration. From a social perspective, this target level is the best amount that companies are encouraged to invest. Non-achievement of the target level entails underinvestment and a decrease in consumer surplus and welfare and may slow down technical progress. A data set covering 30 countries over a period of eight years is used to empirically prove the existence of a change in investment behavior depending on whether or not the target level is achieved. A low margin per user may hamper achievement of the target level. As a result, maximum consumer surplus and welfare occur under imperfect competition but not under perfect competition.

Empirical Study on B/C Apparel Consumption Behavior Based on Data Mining Technology

In order to accurately identify the characters associated with consumption behavior of apparel online shopping, a typical B/ C clothing enterprise in China was chosen. The target experimental database containing 2000 data records was obtained based on web service logs of sample enterprise. By means of clustering algorithm of Clementine Data Mining Software, K-means model was set up and 8 clusters of consumer were concluded. Meanwhile, the implicit information existed in consumer＇s characters and preferences for clothing was found. At last, 31 valuable association rules among casual wear, formal wear, and tie-in products were explored by using web analysis and Aprior algorithm. This finding will help to better understand the nature of online apparel consumption behavior and make a good progress in personalization and intelligent recommendation strategies.

The Usage of Instagram as a Marketing Tool

The developments in information and communication technologies everyday and the effects of globalization have led to many changes in most of the fields including marketing communications. Today, businesses are struggling to survive intensely, to be able to be heard in a global competitive environment, and to keep their market share to the forefront. In this sense, the businesses that have taken into consideration that the current developments have caused great changes in the consumers, also added social media which they use very intensely in order to reach the consumers in the period that the traditional methods have lost importance, to their marketing mix as an important brand communication medium. Social media makes it necessary to go out of tradition in marketing activities. In the social media economy, consumers are at the forefront, and the structures that carry on their activities in interaction with the consumer are gaining importance. Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube are among the most frequently used social networks in our country, but in recent times Instagram is another platform that has recently attracted the attention of companies. The study examined the comparison of traditional marketing and social media marketing. The study also examined the importance of using images and the usage of Instagram as a marketing tool.

Ex-ante Adoption Analysis for Improved Sorghum Varieties in the Lake Zone Tanzania

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of production and consumption characteristics of improved sorghum varieties on farmers＇ adoption decisions. Thirty-four farmers and 231 consumers evaluated five sorghum varieties to determine their preferences. The perceptions of the farmers and consumers were summarized and presented to 100 sorghum farmers to help them choose the best varieties, based on results obtained earlier. Ordered probit models were used to predict their adoption decisions. Results indicated that when adoption is predicted on production characteristics alone the adoption rate was lower than when prediction incorporated both production and consumption characteristics of the sorghum varieties. Therefore, when disseminating new technologies farmers need to be informed about the production as well as the consumption characteristics of the new technologies. The outcomes of this study imply that involving producers and consumers in the generation of new agricultural technologies would potentially increase their adoption rates when they are disseminated. Thus a subsector analytical approach is recommended.

Technological Innovation in Sustainable Building

Modern energy services are a necessary prerequisite for human well-being and the economic development of a country. Access to modern energy is essential for the supply of clean water, hygiene and health, and for the provision of reliable and efficient lighting, heating, cooking, and mechanical power. It seems clear, therefore, that the energy factor and its availability, the demand for which is growing, must be ensured over time. Moreover, considering that the world population will significantly increase in coming decades and, legitimately, all of these individuals want access to sources of energy for a better quality of life. The patterns of consumption most commonly used nowadays are expensive and highly polluting, but, most importantly, now they are almost completely exhausted. Therefore, research has to find sources of ＂alternative＂ and renewable energy in order to sustain the continuously growing global demand for energy. It is necessary, therefore, to develop and improve policies in order to change current consumption patterns, while strengthening approaches and strategies for sustainable models, applying incentives for good behavior and penalizing waste, and promoting the empowerment of producers. This paper concerns this sector and aims to highlight innovation in bioclimatic and eco-friendly buildings.

Consumer Trust--Challenge for E-Healthcare

The evolution of interuet within last years and continuous advances in electronic commerce and communication provide exciting opportunities to implement powerful framework of resources, tools and applications that revolutionize way in which healthcare institutions interact with their patients, as well as deliver and manage medical services. Internet-based healthcare is application of information and communication technologies across the whole range of healthcare functions. It covers everything from electronic prescriptions and computerized medical records to the use of new systems and services that cut waiting times and reduces data errors. Development and implementation of web-enabled communication, patient services and other e-health initiatives are increasingly important to maintaining competitive advantage and to compete for market share. More importantly, value added for patients by facilitating access to information and resources is expected to improve quality of services, speed of treatment and potentially to rationalize management of administrative processes. However, introductions of such e-healthcare services into market can be successful on condition that customers will recognize all these advantages and have trust in organizations provide theses e-services. In this paper authors will concentrate on customer trust as key factor determining success of e-healthcare. The purpose of this study will determine character and power of trust placed by customers in e-healthcare, and to identify factors influencing customers trust to e-healthcare. Authors have ventured thesis that customer trust to e-healthcare is high as consequence of even higher customer satisfaction with traditional healthcare services and great customer trust in traditional healthcare institutions.

Clever Nuclear Fuel Technology

The purpose of given article-consideration of the basic features of modern manufacturing of nuclear fuel which would confirm fact, that the manufacturer does everything that its production would respond not only to requirements of the consumer, but also to its expected inquiries, and would correspond to intended purposes of fuel. It was defined main tendencies and features of modern technology, especially in nuclear fuel production, on base of meeting discussions, themes of journal articles on nuclear subject. They are correspond with practice of JSC NCCP （Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant） and listed in the paper. In result of it number of base features of any advanced technology, not only nuclear, described here with examples from NCCP＇s practice. Of course, there is no certain list of all attributes of modern manufacturing as there is no limit to its perfection. These categories are forming by current needs of the market, but listed ones must be.

Development of Biomass Utilization in Latvia

This paper describes an efficient and appropriate use of biomass in Latvian conditions as well as analyzing the current situation, leading to recommendations for rational use of biomass and the full implementation of the Latvian energy sector. In recent year＇s, Latvian energy sector development analysis shows, that there is a positive tendency--an increase of local and renewable energy share of energy balance. The paper will be identified for future development opporttmities, and will undertake an analysis of renewable energy consumption forecasting in accordance with the renewable energy potential assessment, taking into account the effective use of innovative technologies and ecological aspects of the energy sector. Increasing use of biomass for district heating （and cogeneration）, also increase the efficient use ofbiomass in cost efficiency and reducing of GHG emissions. Efficient use of biomass analyzed in the paper, taking into account technical, legislative, institutional/organizational, economic, information and financial aspects. Promoting of the efficient use of biomass will increase national energy independence.