It is introduced the current situation and development for solar heating technology including passive solar heating and solar heating combisystems in China in this paper. Combined with the engineering application proj...It is introduced the current situation and development for solar heating technology including passive solar heating and solar heating combisystems in China in this paper. Combined with the engineering application projects, the author gave the technical and economic analysis of the passive solar and solar heating combisystems in China and summarized the developing obstacle and the spreading tactics for raising marketing of the solar heating in China.展开更多
It is well established that hydrogen has the potential to make a significant contribution to the world energy production.In U.S.,majority of hydrogen production plants implement steam methane reforming(SMR) for centra...It is well established that hydrogen has the potential to make a significant contribution to the world energy production.In U.S.,majority of hydrogen production plants implement steam methane reforming(SMR) for centralized hydrogen production.However,there is a wide lack of agreement on the nascent stage of using hydrogen as fuel in vehicles industry because of the difficulty in delivery and storage.By performing technological and economic analysis,this work aims to establish the most feasible hydrogen production pathway for automotives in near future.From the evaluation,processes such as thermal cracking of ammonia and centralized hydrogen production followed by bulk delivery are eliminated while on-site steam reforming of methanol and natural gas are the most technologically feasible options.These two processes are further evaluated by comprehensive economic analysis.The results showed that the steam reforming(SR) of natural gas has a shorter payback time and a higher return on investment(ROI) and internal rate of return(IRR).Sensitivity analysis has also been constructed to evaluate the impact of variables like NG feedstock price,capital of investment and operating capacity factor on the overall production cost of hydrogen.Based on this study,natural gas is prompted to be the most economically and technologically available raw material for short-term hydrogen production before the transition to renewable energy source such as solar energy,biomass and wind power.展开更多
Reverse osmosis （RO） is proved to be the most reliable, cost effective, and energy efficient in producing fresh water compared to other desalination technologies. It is the fastest-growing desalination technology wi...Reverse osmosis （RO） is proved to be the most reliable, cost effective, and energy efficient in producing fresh water compared to other desalination technologies. It is the fastest-growing desalination technology with a greater number of installations around the world. The economic and technical performance of a medium-capacity RO desalination plant （2,000 m^3/day） proposed to be installed in Umm Qasr city south of Basra, Iraq is analyzed using DEEP-3.2 software created by the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA）. This port city is located on the Gulf shore and does not have any fresh water resources. The analysis shows that the cost of fresh water produced by this plant is US$0.986/m^3 with a good quality of fresh water （279 ppm）, which is a reasonable price for this remote area. The analysis also shows an increase in water production cost of about 12% at increased electricity price from 0.06 to 0.1 US$/kWh, 53% when the seawater salinity increased from 35,000 to 45,000 ppm, 2.5% when the seawater temperature decreased from 33 ℃ to 20 ℃, and 0.71% when the interest rate increased from 0% to 5%. Pumping fresh water from the Basra purification plant （located 175 km north of Umm Qasr） is 22.16 times the cost and 236.7% poorer quality than the fresh water produced by the RO plant.展开更多
The target system was built to evaluate the efficiency of technical innovation for 13 cities and three regions in Jiangsu province based on the data envelopment analysis. This paper comparatively analyzed the efficien...The target system was built to evaluate the efficiency of technical innovation for 13 cities and three regions in Jiangsu province based on the data envelopment analysis. This paper comparatively analyzed the efficiency of innovation and scaling return for each region in Jiangsu province. The projection analysis on production frontier face for inefficient regions was also performed. Evolving rules and regional difference of technical innovation system of Jiangsu province were explored. Some important results and suggestion were obtained.展开更多
In order to meet the demand for gasoline quality upgrading, SINOPEC Anqing Branch Com- pany has retrofitted the DCC unit with the MGD technology and equipped the FCC unit with the MIP technology. This article makes an...In order to meet the demand for gasoline quality upgrading, SINOPEC Anqing Branch Com- pany has retrofitted the DCC unit with the MGD technology and equipped the FCC unit with the MIP technology. This article makes an analysis and comparison on commercial application of the MIP and the DCC/MGD processes in terms of technology and economics while focusing on their specific features and methods for maximization of their economic benefits.展开更多
Fish supplies 25% of the total protein source in developing countries. A techno-economic analysis was performed for developing a good business proposal for aquaculture loans to enhance aquaculture development in Niger...Fish supplies 25% of the total protein source in developing countries. A techno-economic analysis was performed for developing a good business proposal for aquaculture loans to enhance aquaculture development in Nigeria. A case study of catfish Clarias gariepinus framing was conducted in Abeokuta North Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. The results show that the fixed cost is N18 338 per year, and the variable cost is N459 700 per year, accounting for the largest amount of the total; therefore, a profit of N43 289 per month can be made. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess any risk(s) that associated with unfavorable changes in government policy with particular reference to monetary policy. Positive net present value shows that the investment in fish farm is economically feasible and the net investment ratio is 3.52. Also, the benefit-cost ratio is 2.17. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 21% showing that the enterprise is able to offset the interest being charged on the loan. It is therefore worthwhile to invest into fish farm business in the study area. The study suggests that to better sustain the local aquaculture business, the government should create a good conducive environment to foster development of the fish farming. Government intervention is urgently needed to solve problems such as in traditional land tenure, grant credit facilities and subsidies, to enhance the aquacultural development in the country.展开更多
The traveling wave reactor （TWR） is a once-through reactor that uses in situ breeding to greatly reduce the need for enrichment and reprocessing. Breeding converts incoming subcritical reload fuel into new critical ...The traveling wave reactor （TWR） is a once-through reactor that uses in situ breeding to greatly reduce the need for enrichment and reprocessing. Breeding converts incoming subcritical reload fuel into new critical fuel, allowing a breed-burn wave to propagate. The concept works on the basis that breed-burn waves and the fuel move relative to one another. Thus either the fuel or the waves may move relative to the stationary observer. The most practical embodiments of the TWR involve moving the fuel while keeping the nuclear reactions in one place-sometimes referred to as the standing wave reactor （SWR）. TWRs can operate with uranium reload fuels including totally depleted uranium, natural uranium, and low-enriched fuel （e.g., 5.5% 23sU and below）, which ordinarily would not be critical in a fast spectrum. Spent light water reactor （LWR） fuel may also serve as TWR reload fuel. In each of these cases, very efficient fuel usage and significant reduction of waste volumes are achieved without the need for re- processing. The ultimate advantages of the TWR are realized when the reload fuel is depleted uranium, where after the startup period, no enrichment facilities are needed to sustain the first reactor and a chain of successor reactors. TerraPower＇s conceptual and engineering design and associated technolo- gy development activities have been underway since late 2006, with over 50 institutions working in a highly coordinated effort to place the first unit in operation by 2026. This paper summarizes the TWR technology： its development program, its progress, and an analysis of its social and economic benefits.展开更多
The main purpose of this article is to perform a technical-economic analysis of different microgeneration systems （photovoltaic and wind turbine systems） that can be installed in a single-family house. One of the st...The main purpose of this article is to perform a technical-economic analysis of different microgeneration systems （photovoltaic and wind turbine systems） that can be installed in a single-family house. One of the strategies for improving energy performance of buildings is the installation of microgeneration systems. This will enable Portugal to meet the goal regarding the share of renewable sources on gross final energy consumption imposed by the European Commission climate change and energy package for 2020. The analysis of four different micro-generation systems will take into account the local availability of renewable resources and market technologies and the new Portuguese law concerning microgeneration to promote renewable energy sources in households. The Portuguese microgeneration legal framework is also highlighted.展开更多
A comprehensive risk based security assessment which includes low voltage, line overload and voltage collapse was presented using a relatively new neural network technique called as the generalized regression neural n...A comprehensive risk based security assessment which includes low voltage, line overload and voltage collapse was presented using a relatively new neural network technique called as the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) with incorporation of feature extraction method using principle component analysis. In the risk based security assessment formulation, the failure rate associated to weather condition of each line was used to compute the probability of line outage for a given weather condition and the extent of security violation was represented by a severity function. For low voltage and line overload, continuous severity function was considered due to its ability to zoom in into the effect of near violating contingency. New severity function for voltage collapse using the voltage collapse prediction index was proposed. To reduce the computational burden, a new contingency screening method was proposed using the risk factor so as to select the critical line outages. The risk based security assessment method using GRNN was implemented on a large scale 87-bus power system and the results show that the risk prediction results obtained using GRNN with the incorporation of principal component analysis give better performance in terms of accuracy.展开更多
With the continuous development of information technology, information technology has penetrated into all walks of society, which has a growing influence on the socio-economic management including the impact of human ...With the continuous development of information technology, information technology has penetrated into all walks of society, which has a growing influence on the socio-economic management including the impact of human resource management. From the nature of information processing and analysis of information technology, this thesis probes into the impact of information technology on human resource management model and builds a closed-loop model of modem human resources management with the support of information technology. This paper also analyzes the effect of the closed-loop model of modem human resources management supported by the information technology, as well as the requests of IT application in the future, which is designed to help people understand the human resource management from the perspective of IT applications.展开更多
This paper is an analysis of a sourcebook using Neuro-Linguistic Programming technique. The main objective is to determine the effectiveness of the sourcebook in teaching English as a second language. Specifically, it...This paper is an analysis of a sourcebook using Neuro-Linguistic Programming technique. The main objective is to determine the effectiveness of the sourcebook in teaching English as a second language. Specifically, it aimed to know the visual materials, aural presentations, and semi-abstract thoughts that would encourage the learners to actively participate in classroom discussions; the methods to be adapted; and the steps involved in the preparation of the sourcebook. It was found that most student-respondents strongly react to pictures, to feelings and sensations, and to ideas. The sourcebook must be prepared in the form of a content-based instructional material. It must include drills that would give ample approaches to develop among the learners good sense of collaborative learning, integrative global language proficiency, and contextual communicative competence in meaningful situations. Moreover, the sourcebook must use both print and non-print teaching aids as supporting materials.展开更多
文摘It is introduced the current situation and development for solar heating technology including passive solar heating and solar heating combisystems in China in this paper. Combined with the engineering application projects, the author gave the technical and economic analysis of the passive solar and solar heating combisystems in China and summarized the developing obstacle and the spreading tactics for raising marketing of the solar heating in China.
基金support from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology via the Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP)Lighten R&D Consultancy Ltd for providing advices
文摘It is well established that hydrogen has the potential to make a significant contribution to the world energy production.In U.S.,majority of hydrogen production plants implement steam methane reforming(SMR) for centralized hydrogen production.However,there is a wide lack of agreement on the nascent stage of using hydrogen as fuel in vehicles industry because of the difficulty in delivery and storage.By performing technological and economic analysis,this work aims to establish the most feasible hydrogen production pathway for automotives in near future.From the evaluation,processes such as thermal cracking of ammonia and centralized hydrogen production followed by bulk delivery are eliminated while on-site steam reforming of methanol and natural gas are the most technologically feasible options.These two processes are further evaluated by comprehensive economic analysis.The results showed that the steam reforming(SR) of natural gas has a shorter payback time and a higher return on investment(ROI) and internal rate of return(IRR).Sensitivity analysis has also been constructed to evaluate the impact of variables like NG feedstock price,capital of investment and operating capacity factor on the overall production cost of hydrogen.Based on this study,natural gas is prompted to be the most economically and technologically available raw material for short-term hydrogen production before the transition to renewable energy source such as solar energy,biomass and wind power.
文摘Reverse osmosis （RO） is proved to be the most reliable, cost effective, and energy efficient in producing fresh water compared to other desalination technologies. It is the fastest-growing desalination technology with a greater number of installations around the world. The economic and technical performance of a medium-capacity RO desalination plant （2,000 m^3/day） proposed to be installed in Umm Qasr city south of Basra, Iraq is analyzed using DEEP-3.2 software created by the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA）. This port city is located on the Gulf shore and does not have any fresh water resources. The analysis shows that the cost of fresh water produced by this plant is US$0.986/m^3 with a good quality of fresh water （279 ppm）, which is a reasonable price for this remote area. The analysis also shows an increase in water production cost of about 12% at increased electricity price from 0.06 to 0.1 US$/kWh, 53% when the seawater salinity increased from 35,000 to 45,000 ppm, 2.5% when the seawater temperature decreased from 33 ℃ to 20 ℃, and 0.71% when the interest rate increased from 0% to 5%. Pumping fresh water from the Basra purification plant （located 175 km north of Umm Qasr） is 22.16 times the cost and 236.7% poorer quality than the fresh water produced by the RO plant.
基金Philosophy &Social Science Project of the Department of Education of Jiangsu Province( 0 3 SJD63 0 17)
文摘The target system was built to evaluate the efficiency of technical innovation for 13 cities and three regions in Jiangsu province based on the data envelopment analysis. This paper comparatively analyzed the efficiency of innovation and scaling return for each region in Jiangsu province. The projection analysis on production frontier face for inefficient regions was also performed. Evolving rules and regional difference of technical innovation system of Jiangsu province were explored. Some important results and suggestion were obtained.
文摘In order to meet the demand for gasoline quality upgrading, SINOPEC Anqing Branch Com- pany has retrofitted the DCC unit with the MGD technology and equipped the FCC unit with the MIP technology. This article makes an analysis and comparison on commercial application of the MIP and the DCC/MGD processes in terms of technology and economics while focusing on their specific features and methods for maximization of their economic benefits.
文摘Fish supplies 25% of the total protein source in developing countries. A techno-economic analysis was performed for developing a good business proposal for aquaculture loans to enhance aquaculture development in Nigeria. A case study of catfish Clarias gariepinus framing was conducted in Abeokuta North Local Government of Ogun State, Nigeria. The results show that the fixed cost is N18 338 per year, and the variable cost is N459 700 per year, accounting for the largest amount of the total; therefore, a profit of N43 289 per month can be made. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess any risk(s) that associated with unfavorable changes in government policy with particular reference to monetary policy. Positive net present value shows that the investment in fish farm is economically feasible and the net investment ratio is 3.52. Also, the benefit-cost ratio is 2.17. The internal rate of return (IRR) is 21% showing that the enterprise is able to offset the interest being charged on the loan. It is therefore worthwhile to invest into fish farm business in the study area. The study suggests that to better sustain the local aquaculture business, the government should create a good conducive environment to foster development of the fish farming. Government intervention is urgently needed to solve problems such as in traditional land tenure, grant credit facilities and subsidies, to enhance the aquacultural development in the country.
文摘The traveling wave reactor （TWR） is a once-through reactor that uses in situ breeding to greatly reduce the need for enrichment and reprocessing. Breeding converts incoming subcritical reload fuel into new critical fuel, allowing a breed-burn wave to propagate. The concept works on the basis that breed-burn waves and the fuel move relative to one another. Thus either the fuel or the waves may move relative to the stationary observer. The most practical embodiments of the TWR involve moving the fuel while keeping the nuclear reactions in one place-sometimes referred to as the standing wave reactor （SWR）. TWRs can operate with uranium reload fuels including totally depleted uranium, natural uranium, and low-enriched fuel （e.g., 5.5% 23sU and below）, which ordinarily would not be critical in a fast spectrum. Spent light water reactor （LWR） fuel may also serve as TWR reload fuel. In each of these cases, very efficient fuel usage and significant reduction of waste volumes are achieved without the need for re- processing. The ultimate advantages of the TWR are realized when the reload fuel is depleted uranium, where after the startup period, no enrichment facilities are needed to sustain the first reactor and a chain of successor reactors. TerraPower＇s conceptual and engineering design and associated technolo- gy development activities have been underway since late 2006, with over 50 institutions working in a highly coordinated effort to place the first unit in operation by 2026. This paper summarizes the TWR technology： its development program, its progress, and an analysis of its social and economic benefits.
文摘The main purpose of this article is to perform a technical-economic analysis of different microgeneration systems （photovoltaic and wind turbine systems） that can be installed in a single-family house. One of the strategies for improving energy performance of buildings is the installation of microgeneration systems. This will enable Portugal to meet the goal regarding the share of renewable sources on gross final energy consumption imposed by the European Commission climate change and energy package for 2020. The analysis of four different micro-generation systems will take into account the local availability of renewable resources and market technologies and the new Portuguese law concerning microgeneration to promote renewable energy sources in households. The Portuguese microgeneration legal framework is also highlighted.
文摘A comprehensive risk based security assessment which includes low voltage, line overload and voltage collapse was presented using a relatively new neural network technique called as the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) with incorporation of feature extraction method using principle component analysis. In the risk based security assessment formulation, the failure rate associated to weather condition of each line was used to compute the probability of line outage for a given weather condition and the extent of security violation was represented by a severity function. For low voltage and line overload, continuous severity function was considered due to its ability to zoom in into the effect of near violating contingency. New severity function for voltage collapse using the voltage collapse prediction index was proposed. To reduce the computational burden, a new contingency screening method was proposed using the risk factor so as to select the critical line outages. The risk based security assessment method using GRNN was implemented on a large scale 87-bus power system and the results show that the risk prediction results obtained using GRNN with the incorporation of principal component analysis give better performance in terms of accuracy.
文摘With the continuous development of information technology, information technology has penetrated into all walks of society, which has a growing influence on the socio-economic management including the impact of human resource management. From the nature of information processing and analysis of information technology, this thesis probes into the impact of information technology on human resource management model and builds a closed-loop model of modem human resources management with the support of information technology. This paper also analyzes the effect of the closed-loop model of modem human resources management supported by the information technology, as well as the requests of IT application in the future, which is designed to help people understand the human resource management from the perspective of IT applications.
文摘This paper is an analysis of a sourcebook using Neuro-Linguistic Programming technique. The main objective is to determine the effectiveness of the sourcebook in teaching English as a second language. Specifically, it aimed to know the visual materials, aural presentations, and semi-abstract thoughts that would encourage the learners to actively participate in classroom discussions; the methods to be adapted; and the steps involved in the preparation of the sourcebook. It was found that most student-respondents strongly react to pictures, to feelings and sensations, and to ideas. The sourcebook must be prepared in the form of a content-based instructional material. It must include drills that would give ample approaches to develop among the learners good sense of collaborative learning, integrative global language proficiency, and contextual communicative competence in meaningful situations. Moreover, the sourcebook must use both print and non-print teaching aids as supporting materials.
