紫茎泽兰不同部分水提液抑制植物病原菌的研究

将紫茎泽兰不同部分依次用水提取得到紫茎泽兰花、茎、叶的水提取物。紫茎泽兰不同部分水提取物对不同植物病原菌有较高的抑制效果,说明该植物含有毒性较强的杀菌活性物质,可用于植物源杀菌剂的开发利用。

ALS以及ALS抑制剂类除草剂的研究进展

使用除草剂是根除作物田里杂草的有效方法,其中以乙酰乳酸合成酶(acetolactate synthetase, ALS)为靶标的除草剂在杂草防治方面有很好的应用价值。本文对乙酰乳酸合成酶的结构、ALS抑制剂类除草剂种类、抗除草剂植物抗性机理、抗ALS抑制剂类除草剂作物的研究进展进行了综合概括。

Advances in Application of Biological Nitrification Inhibitors

Based on current research, the characteristics and action mechanism of biological nitrification inhibitors at home and abroad were reviewed by combining with the latest research progress. The application effects of biological nitrification inhibitors on agricultural production were summarized. Research hotspot and achievements of biological nitrification inhibitors at home and abroad were summarized. The research direction in future was forecasted.

抗抑郁药物的分类及作用机制研究进展

目的：阐述抗抑郁药物分类及作用机制的研究进展。方法：查阅国内外相关文献,进行分析归纳。结果：抑郁症的防治已引起世界范围内的重视。结论：抑郁症将会有很好的治疗效果。

北极海洋细菌Pseudoalteromonas sp.2018抑菌活性及其代谢产物研究

从2014年第六次中国北极科学考察采集的海洋沉积物中,分离获得了具有抑制农作物病原真菌活性的菌株Pseudoalteromonas sp.2018。测定了该菌株对病原真菌的抑制范围和对黄瓜白粉病的大棚防治效果,并对该菌株代谢产物通过硅胶色谱、凝胶色谱及半制备HPLC等进行分离纯化,通过质谱(MS)、氢谱(1 H NMR)和碳谱(13 C NMR)等进行结构鉴定。研究结果表明,Pseudoalteromonas sp.2018菌株对辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)、褐孢霉(Fulvia fulva)、链格孢(Alternaria alternata)、黄瓜专化型尖孢镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)、番茄专化型尖孢镰孢(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.lycopersici)和细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)等具有抑制作用,对大棚黄瓜白粉病的防治效果达66.7%;研究分离获得了环(脯-酪)二肽、环(脯-异亮)二肽、环(脯-亮)二肽和环(脯-苯丙)二肽,其中环(脯-酪)二肽和环(脯-亮)二肽对测试病原真菌的最小抑制浓度为125~500μg/mL。该研究为极地微生物农用资源的开发利用提供理论参考。

Survivin antisense compound inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in liver cancer cells

AIM: To evaluate the effects of survivin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in liver cancer. METHODS: MTT assay was used to generate and optimize phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs)-LipofectamineTM2000 (LiP) compound by varying ODNs (μg): LiP (μL) ratios from 1:0.5 to 1:5. Then, liver cancer cells (HepG2) were transfected with the compound. By using RT-PCR and Western blot, the expression levels of survivin mRNA and proteins were detected in HepG2 cells treated with antisense compounds (ODNs:LiP=1:4), and compared with those treated with sense compounds (1:4) as control. MTT assay was applied to the determination of cell proliferation in HepG2 cells. Active caspase-3 was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. The morphological changes were assessed by electron microscopy. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed to detect the subcellular localization of survivin proteins in treated and untreated cells. RESULTS: Antisense compounds (1:4) down-regulated survivin expression (mRNA and protein) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 250 nmol/L. Its maximum effect was achieved at a concentration of 500 nmol/L, at which mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated by 80%. The similar results were found in MTT assay. Antisense compound (l:4)-treated cells revealed increased caspase-3-like protease activity compared with untreated cells. Untreated cells as control were primarily negative for the presence of active-caspase-3. As shown by transmission electron microscopy, treated cells with antisense compounds (1:4) resulted in morphological changes such as blebbing and loss of microvilli, vacuolization in the cytoplasm, condensation of the cytoplasm and nuclei, and fragmented chromatin. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of survivin protein pool inside the cytoplasm in untreated cells. Labeled-FITC immunofluorescence staining of survivin clearly showed that survivin was distributed mainly in a spotted form inside the cytoplasm. Whereas cells treated with antisense compounds were rare and weak inside the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of survivin expression induced by the antisense compounds reduces tumor growth potential, promotes apoptosis and affects the localization of survivin proteins in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, survivin protein is a key molecule associated with proliferation and apoptosis, and antisense oligonucleotides targeting survivin have a bright prospect in the therapy of liver cancer.

Inhibitory effects of extracellular adenosine triphosphate on growth of esophageal carcinoma cells

AIM： To study the growth inhibitory effects of ATP on TE-13 human squamous esophageal carcinoma cellsin vitro.METHODS： NTT assay was used to determine the inhibition of proliferation of ATP or adenosine （ADO） on TE-13 cell line. The morphological changes of TE-13 cells induced by ATP or ADO were observed under fluorescence light microscope by acridine orange （AO）/ethidium bromide （EB） double stained cells. The intemudeosomal fragmentation of genomic DNA was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle after treatment with ATP or ADO were determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS： ATP and ADO produced inhibitory effects on TE-13 cells at the concentration between 0.01 and 1.0 mmol/L. The ICs0 of TE-13 cells exposed to ATP or ADO for 48 and 72 h was 0.71 or 1.05, and 0.21 or 0.19 mmol/L, respectively. The distribution of cell cycle phase and proliferation index （PI） value of TE-13 cells changed, when being exposed to ATP or ADO at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mmol/L for 48 h. ATP and ADO inhibited the cell proliferation by changing the distribution of cell cycle phase via either G0/G1 phase （ATP or ADO, 1 mmol/L） or S phase （ATP, 0.1 mmol/L） arrest. Under light microscope, the tumor cells exposed to 0.3 mmol/L ATP or ADO displayed morphological changes of apoptosis. A ladder-like pattern of DNA fragmentation was obtained from TE-13 cells treated with 0.1-1 mmol/L ATP or ADO in agarose gel electrophoresis. ATP and ADO induced apoptosis of TE-13 cells in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration between 0.03 and 1 mmol/L. The maximum apoptotic rate of TE-13 cells exposed to ATP or ADO for 48 h was 16.63% or 16.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION： ATP and ADO inhibit cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, and induce apoptosis of TE-13 cell line.

Inhibitory effects of Albizia lebbeck leaf extracts on germination and growth behavior of some popular agricultural crops

An experiment was conducted to observe the inhibitory effects of the leaf extracts derived from Albizia lebbeck （L.） Benth. On germination and growth behavior of some popular agricultural crops （receptor） of Bangladesh. Experiments were set on sterilized petridishes with a photoperiod of 24 h at room temperature of 27-30℃. The effects of the different concentrations of aqueous extracts were compared to distil water （control.）. The aqueous extracts of leaf caused significant inhibitory effect on germination, root and shoot elongation and development of lateral roots of receptor plants. Bioassays indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts and higher concentration （50%-100%） had the stronger inhibitory effect whereas the lower concentration （10%-25%） showed stimulatory effect in some cases. The study also revealed that, inhibitory effect was much pronounced in root and lateral root development rather than germination and shoot growth.

Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits epithelial barrier dysfunction and interleukin-8 secretion induced by tumor necrosis factor-a

AIM： To determine whether Lactobacillus plantarum can modify the deleterious effects of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） on intestinal epithelial cells. METHODS： Caco-2 cells were incubated with TNF-α alone or in the presence of L. plantarum. Transepithelial electrical resistance was used to measure epithelial barrier function. Interleukin 8 （IL-8） secretion by intestinal epithelial cells was measured using an ELISA. Cellular lysate proteins were immunoblotted using the anti-extracellular regulated kinase （ERK）, anti-phospho- ERK and anti-IκB-α. RESULTS： A TNF-α-induced decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance was inhibited by L. plantarum. TNF- α-induced IL-8 secretion was reduced by L. plantarum. L. plantarum inhibited the activation of ERK and the degradation of IκB-α in TNF-a-treated Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION： Induction of epithelial barrier dysfunction and IL-8 secretion by TNF-α is inhibited byL. plantarum. Probiotics may preserve epithelial barrier function and inhibit the inflammatory response by altering the signal transduction pathway.

KN-93,a specific inhibitor of CaMKⅡ inhibits human hepatic stellate cell proliferation in vitro

AIM： To investigate the effects of KN-93, a CaMKⅡ selective inhibitor on cell proliferation and the expression of p53 or p21 protein in human hepatic stellate cells. METHODS： Human hepatic stellate cells （LX-2） were incubated with various concentrations （0-50 μmol/L） of KN-93 or its inactive derivative, KN-92. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the expression of two cell cycle regulators, p53 and p21, was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. RESULTS： KN-93 （5-50 μmol/L） decreased the proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells in a dosedependent manner from 81.76% （81.76% ± 2.58% vs 96.63% ± 2.69%, P 〈 0.05） to 27.15% （27.15% ± 2.86% vs 96.59% ± 2.44%, P 〈 0.01） after 24 h treatment. Incubation of 10 μmol/L KN-93 induced the cell growth reduction in a time-dependent manner from 78.27% at 8 h to 11.48% at 48 h. However, KN-92, an inactive derivative of KN-93, did not inhibit cell proliferation effectively. Moreover, analysis of cell cycle regulator expression revealed that KN-93 rather than KN-92 reduced the expression of p53 and p21. CONCLUSION： KN-93 has potent inhibitory effect on proliferation of LX-2 cells by modulating the expression of two special cell cycle regulators, p53 and p21.

Inhibitory Effects of Aromatic Compounds on Soil Nitrification

Aromatic compounds (ACs) in soil can induce competitive inhibition for soil NH3 oxidation, and nitrification inhibitors can be used to this end. A laboratory incubation experiment was performed with 12 nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), 15 amidoaromatic compounds (AACs) and 20 hydroxyaromatic compounds (HACs) to assess the inhibitory effects of ACs on soil nitrification. Based on these results, the critical and optimal concentrations of ACs were determined for better inhibitory effects. Most of the test ACs were able to inhibit soil nitrification; the effectiveness differed with soil type. Among the ACs, the NACs with m-nitryl, amino or hydroxyl and the AACs with a nitro group or a chlorine atom on aromatic ring or with a p-hydroxyl were more effective. 3-nitroaniline, 4-aminophenol and 3-nitrophenol showed the greatest potential as nitrification inhibitors. The critical concentration of these compounds in brown soil and cinnamon soil was found to be 0.5 mg kg-1 soil. Due to the toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of ACs, further toxicological and ecotoxicological research is necessary before ACs are used as nitrification inhibitors in agricultural and horticultural practices.

Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 as biomarkers of ulcerative colitis activity

AIM:Overexpression of mucosal metalloproteinases(MMP) has been demonstrated recently in inflammatory bowel disease.Their activity can be counterbalanced by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMP).The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulcerative colitis(UC)on MMP- 1 and TIMP-1 plasma concentrations,as two possible biomarkers of the disease activity. METHODS:MMP-1 and TIMP-1 plasma concentrations were measured with an enzyme immunoassay in 16 patients with endoscopically confirmed active UC. RESULTS:Plasma concentrations of both MMP-1(13.7±0.2 ng/ml)and TIMP-1(799±140 ng/ml)were significantly elevated in UC patients in comparison to healthy controls (11.9±0.9 ng/ml and 220±7 ng/ml respectively).There was no correlation between TIMP-1 and MMP-1 concentrations (r=0.02).TIMP-1 levels revealed significant positive correlations with scored endoscopic degree of mucosal injury, disease activity index and clinical activity index values as well as C-reactive protein concentration.There was no correlation between MMP-1 and laboratory,clinical or endoscopic indices of the disease activity.CONCLUSION: These results confirm the role of both MMP- 1 and TIMP-1 in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. However only TIMP-1 can be useful as a biomarker of the disease activity, demonstrating association with clinical and endoscopic pictures.

Allelopathic Potential of Cucumber Tissues Aqueous Extracts

[Objective]The aim of this study was to explore allelopathic effects of the water-extracted crude of cucumber plant parts on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),cabbage(Brassica pekinensis L.),radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and scallion(Allium fistulosum L.).[Method]The allelopathic effects of different cucumber tissues aqueous extracts were investigated on lettuce,cabbage,radish and scallion using the water-soluble allelopathic principle by seedling bioassay tests.[Result]The trends of inhibitory effects of different cucumber parts increased with increasing extract concentrations.The inhibition effects and the inhibition rate of three aqueous extracts were more significant on root growth than shoot length.Leaf aqueous extracts represented the most exhibited and root aqueous extracts representing the least inhibitory on seed germination,shoot length and root length of lettuce,cabbage,radish and scallion.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for allelopathic character of different cucumber plant parts.

阻隔紫外线聚烯烃棚膜研究开发的进展

阐述了棚膜阻隔紫外线与栽培作物生长发育及抑制作物病害的关系,概述了我国农用聚烯烃棚膜透过紫外线的基本情况与国外研究开发的阻隔紫外线棚膜。

Functional Role of Neuropeptide Leucokininll in Growth Inhibition of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Peptides are known to on act to discourage the growth of insects. In this perspective, authors studied the biological and physiological effects of LeucokininlI on the growth of Red Palm Weevil through adult insect feeding of the sugar cane treated with different concentrations （0.05%, 0. I%, 0.25%, 0.4%） and biological effects on the number of eggs, the percentage of hatching, the length of the generation and the proportion of deformation, Results showed that there is a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by the insects as the average number of eggs/female 75.7, 63.5, 59.4, 55.1 egg for each of the concentrations, respectively, compared with the average 140.2 egg in the control group, and reduction of percentages of hatching in all treatment as 71.4%, 64.6%, 70% and 71.5% respectively, compared with 79.3% of the control group. The percentage of deformations in egg densities included 44.4%, 15.4%, 22.6%, 27.8% compared to the control group. The results showed that there are a number of large deformations in the resulting larvae for different treatments. The conclusion is drawn that this study using LeucokininlI confirmed inhibition growth and caused an imbalance in the development stages of different insects due to its effect on the hormones that control molting of insects. This conclusion is furthermore apparent in the larval stage, as it appeared that Leucokininll prevents the insect from completing its life cycle. Test results using LeucokininlI are encouraging, and its future potential use in reducing Red Palm Weevil deserves broader studies. If the spread of currently known that this LeucokininlI is without prejudice to the work of the hormonal system.

STUDY ON INHIBITION OF PANCREATIC EXOCRINE SECRETION BY SOMATOSTATIN IN RATS

We used a potent and specific monoclonal antibody to somatostatin to test the physiologic inhibitory role of the tetradecapeptide somatostatin on pancreatic secretion.Somatostatin immunoneutralization increased both the total amylase and volume of pancreatic secretion.Cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonism abolished the stimulatory effect of somatostatin immunoneutralization.We conclude that somatostatin tonically inhibits pancreatic secretion in fasted rats via inhibition of the release or action of cholecystokinin.Furthermore,the source of these peptides is likely islet delta cells and intrapancreatic neurons,respectively.

Antifouling Potential of Bacteria Isolated from a Marine Biofilm

Marine microorganisms are a new source of natural antifouling compounds. In this study, two bacterial strains, Kytococcus sedentarius QDG-B506 and Bacillus cereus QDG-B509, were isolated from a marine biofilm and identified. The bacteria fermentation broth could exert inhibitory effects on the growth of Skeletonema costatum and barnacle larvae. A procedure was employed to extract and identify the antifouling compounds. Firstly, a toxicity test was conducted by graduated pH and liquid-liquid extraction to determine the optimal extraction conditions. The best extraction conditions were found to be pH 2 and 100% petroleum ether. The EC50 value of the crude extract of K. sedentarius against the test microalgae was 236.7 ± 14.08 μg mL-1, and that of B. cereus was 290.6 ± 27.11 μg mL-1. Secondly, HLB SPE columns were used to purify the two crude extracts. After purification, the antifouling activities of the two extracts significantly increased: the EC50 of the K. sedentarius extract against the test microalgae was 86.4 ± 3.71 μg mL-1, and that of B. cereus was 92.6 ± 1.47 μg mL-1. These results suggest that the metabolites produced by the two bacterial strains are with high antifouling activities and they should be fatty acid compounds. Lastly, GC-MS was used for the structural elucidation of the compounds. The results show that the antifouling compounds produced by the two bacterial strains are myristic, palmitic and octadecanoic acids.

Opioid/naloxone prolonged release combinations for opioid induced constipation

I read with great interest the recent article by Chen et al in a recent issue of your esteemed journal.The article is highly thought provoking.One emerging therapeutic alternative for opioid induced constipation is the emergence of opioid/naloxone prolonged release combinations.For instance,naloxone when administered in a 1:2 ratio with oxycodone reverses the inhibitory effect of oxycodone on the gastrointestinal tract.The advantage of oxycodone/naloxone prolonged release(OXN) is that while its anti-nociceptive efficacy is equivalent to that of oxycodone prolonged release(OXC),it significantly decreases the "Bowel Function Index" thereby ameliorating symptoms of opioid induced constipation to a large extent.Schutter et al in a recent study have reported a decrease in the bowel function index from 38.2 to 15.1.Similarly,L wenstein et al in another recent study have reported that following a month of therapy,complete spontaneous bowel movements per week is increased from one in OXC therapy to three in OXN therapy.

Inhibitory effect of a new gossypol derivative apogossypolone (ApoG2) on xenograft of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of apogossypolone (ApoG2) on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vivo, and explore its mechanism. Methods: The models of transplantation tumors in Balb/c nu/nu mice were established via subcutaneous injection of PC-3 cells and the tumor-transplanted mice were divided into 4 groups: control group and three ApoG2 treatment groups, with 10 mice in each group. Volumes of the tumor were estimated every 2 d and the morphology of tumor tissues was observed. Immunohistochemistry was employed to observe the expression of Bcl-2, PCNA, CD31, caspase-3 and caspase-8 in tumor tissues. Results: ApoG2 (2.5 mg/kg-10 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally once a day can obviously inhibit the growth of subcutaneous prostatic carcinoma implant. The tumor volume decreased obviously when the treatment dosage was bigger than 5.0 mg/kg (P<0.01). Meanwhile, ApoG2 decreased the expression of PCNA and CD31, and enhanced the expression of caspases-3, caspase-8 in tumor tissues. Conclusion: ApoG2 exert an inhibitory effect on prostatic carcinoma possibly by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.

Management of Chenopodium album L. through the Allelopathic Effect of Mangifera indica L.

Chenopodium album is an invasive weed in wheat fields in Egypt. The present study indicated the potentials for utilization of MILAE （Mangifera indica leaves aqueous extract） at different concentrations （5%, 10%, 15% and 25%） to suppress the germination and growth of C. album in Petri dish experiment Results indicated that predictable degrees of inhibition in C album germination and growth rate of seedlings were accompanied with the increase in the concentration of MILAE. PL （Plumule） and RL （radicle） lengths of C. album were negatively affected as the concentration of MILAE increased and the effect was prominent at 25% extract concentration. This study recommended the use of MILAE as strong phytotoxic potential allelochemicals. an alternative bioherbicides, since its leaves extract possess