提高Pichia stipitis乙醇耐受和抑制剂耐受能力的菌种驯化

为实现对汽爆预处理玉米秸秆未脱毒直接酶解和发酵产乙醇,对Pichia stipitis菌种进行提高乙醇耐受和抑制剂耐受能力的驯化。通过逐步提高底物葡萄糖浓度和发酵抑制剂浓度的方法,Pichia stipitis的乙醇和抑制剂耐受能力得到明显提高。结果表明:驯化菌株能在36h内将188.96g/L的葡萄糖代谢完全,乙醇浓度达到88.39g/L,乙醇产率为0.47g/g,达到理论值的92.2%;在含有不同浓度梯度的糠醛模拟水解液中,驯化菌株能耐受的最高糠醛浓度达到5.34g/L,乙醇产率0.45g/g,占理论值87.8%。利用该驯化菌株可进一步开展对未脱毒汽爆酶解液直接发酵研究工作。

生物质转化工程酿酒酵母的研究进展

石油、煤炭等非再生资源的供给日益紧张,人类迫切需要对可再生资源的利用进一步开发。以生物质为原料生产纤维素乙醇具有原料可再生,成本低廉的显著优点。酿酒酵母菌株因其易于进行基因操作,并具有较高的抑制剂耐受性,被广泛用于发酵生产纤维素乙醇。酿酒酵母作为生物质转化工程菌,在如何提升菌株对抑制剂的耐受性和木糖转化效率等方面仍具有很大的挑战。综述了在生物质转化利用上酿酒酵母工程化的研究进展。

Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential of microglial inhibitors in neuropathic pain and morphine tolerance

Microglia are important cells involved in the regulation of neuropathic pain(NPP)and morphine tolerance.Information on their plasticity and polarity has been elucidated after determining their physiological structure,but there is still much to learn about the role of this type of cell in NPP and morphine tolerance.Microglia mediate multiple functions in health and disease by controlling damage in the central nervous system(CNS)and endogenous immune responses to disease.Microglial activation can result in altered opioid system activity,and NPP is characterized by resistance to morphine.Here we investigate the regulatory mechanisms of microglia and review the potential of microglial inhibitors for modulating NPP and morphine tolerance.Targeted inhibition of glial activation is a clinically promising approach to the treatment of NPP and the prevention of morphine tolerance.Finally,we suggest directions for future research on microglial inhibitors.