抑杀南方根结线虫的植物活性提取液的筛选

研究了9种不同植物提取液对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫(J2)的杀虫活性及对虫卵孵化的抑制效果.结果表明:供试的9种植物提取液中,大豆荚壳提取液对南方根结线虫的抑杀活性最强,蓖麻叶次之。以浓度80μg/mg大豆荚壳提取液处理24 h、48 h,线虫的校正死亡率分别为87.7%、89.2%.用同样浓度提取液处理3、6、9 d,对虫卵孵化抑制率分别为42.2%、43.9%、48.5%.由此表明,说明大豆荚壳提取物对南方根结线虫J2有很强的毒杀效果,对该虫虫卵的孵化也有一定的抑制作用.

多裂骆驼蓬生物碱类物质抑菌杀虫活性研究

采用生长速率法和浸叶法研究多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱类物质对8种植物病原真菌和2种蚜虫的抑菌杀虫作用。结果表明,水溶性生物碱、脂溶性生物碱和总生物碱提取液对供试病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对小麦赤霉病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌和小麦条锈病菌抑制作用明显,0.5 0 g/mL试液的抑菌率均在7 8%以上;对供试2种蚜虫有明显的触杀活性,其中0.5 0 g/mL水溶液性、脂溶性和总生物碱对麦二叉蚜的校正死亡率分别为3 9.6 4%、3 5.4 0%和4 4.7 0%,对桃蚜的校正死亡率分别为2 8.1 7%、2 5.8 3%和3 1.2 2%。生物碱类物质的抑菌杀虫活性大小顺序为:总生物碱>水溶性生物碱>脂溶性生物碱。

峨眉千里光甲醇提取物杀虫、抑菌及抑制种子萌发活性的初步研究

本文研究了峨眉千里光甲醇提取物的杀虫、抑菌及抑制种子萌发的活性。结果表明,对甲醇提取物进一步萃取后,氯仿、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇萃取物表现出很强的杀虫、抑菌及抑制种子萌发活性,其中对桃蚜24h的LC50值在0.119~0.414mg/mL之间,对番茄灰霉病菌72h的EC50值在5.956~9.416mg/mL之间。因此,峨眉千里光甲醇提取物的氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取物的杀虫、抑菌活性成分值得进一步深入研究。

豚草杀虫抑菌活性成分的LC-MS分析

本研究采用LC-MS(液相色谱-质谱联用)技术对豚草中的生物活性成分进行了定性分析,结果表明:含有五种具有杀虫抑菌活性的化学成分,分别为绿原酸、豚草素、二氢豚草素、银胶菊酯和冠裸穗豚草素。

苦参碱的生物活性及其研究进展

苦参碱具有多种杀虫抑菌活性,在农业上获得了广泛应用,但还应该加强基础研究,为苦参碱的进一步开发奠定基础。

Nematicidal Activity of Ten Kinds of Plant Extract against Hirschmanniella spp.

[Objective] The nematicidal activity of plant extracts was investigated. We aimed to explore a kind of botanical pesticide to control Hirschmanniella spp. [Method] The Chuanxiong （root）, agrimony （whole plant）, cocklebur （grain）, basil （leaves）, ragweed （stems and leaves）, green onion （root）, garlic （tuber）, Yuzhu （leaves）, marshpeper smartweed （whole plant）, horseweed （aboveground stems and leaves） were dried, grinded and sieved. The powders were then extracted by ethanol at room temperature for 24 h. The extract solutions were filtered through fil- ter pater. The obtained plant extracts were then diluted to determine their nematici- dal activities. [Result] The Chuanxiong extract had the highest nematicidal activity, followed by cocklebur extract, agrimony extract, basil extract, garlic extract, ragweed extract. The horseweed extract had the lowest nematicidal activity. [Conclusion] The Chuanxiong and other plants were natural, and they had a good environmental compatibility. They could be developed as botanical pesticides against Hirschman- niella spp.

农用植物内生真菌研究进展

植物内生真菌(Plant endophytic fungi)是指在植物寄主中度过全部或近乎全部生活周期而不使寄主表现任何症状的一类真菌。它是生活在植物组织内的一类微生物，是植物微生态系统中的天然组成成分。内生真菌长期生活在植物体内的特殊环境中，并与寄主协同进化，在演化过程中两者形成了互惠……

Antibiotic Activity of Seven Fungicides against Alternaria panax Whetz

[Objective] This study was conducted to screen suitable fungicides to con-trol ginseng leaf blight caused by Alternaria panax_Whetz. [Method] The antifungal activity of seven fungicides against A. panax_ was determined based on mycelial growth rate in vitro. [Result] The results of in vitro antibiotic activity assay showed that there were significant differences in inhibition rate among different concentration treatments of each of the seven fungicides. Toxicity test results showed that among the seven fungicides, difenoconazole had the smal est EC50 （0.61 mg/L）, fol owed by streptomycin and captan, with EC50 value lower than 100 mg/L. [Conclusion] A fungicide which had strong antifungal activity on A. panax was screened out, and the results wil provide a theoretical basis for further field trial.

天然水果保鲜剂

天然水果保鲜剂是从未成熟柑桔果皮中分离出来的系列抗菌成分,它对常见霉菌、细菌、酵母等有强的和较强的抑杀作用,尤其对在柑桔类水果储藏保鲜过程中,最常见危害最大的“青绿霉病”的病源菌指状青霉(penicillium itakicum)和意大利青霉(penicillium digi tatuln),具有特别强的抑杀活性。它可添加于包装纸、塑料包装簿膜袋和果蜡中起防霉保鲜作用。也可配成乳液浸泡鲜果,保鲜效果显著。柑、橙保鲜储藏90天后,好果率一般达96％,且风味甚佳,无残毒,使用安全。经系统毒理测定其ADL值(人体每人每日最高摄入量)为12.26-37.73mg。

泽漆的研究进展

泽漆为大戟科大戟属植物,是一种常见的农田杂草。泽漆提取物具有一定的杀菌、抑茵和杀虫活性,在中医药及农业方面已开展了许多研究。本文对泽漆的化学成分、中医药及临床应用、杀虫抑茵作用等进行综述,以期为泽漆的综合开发利用提供参考。