乳酸和乳酸钠在肉及制品中的抑菌作用

乳酸和乳酸钠是一种天然食品防腐剂,广泛存在于食品特别是发酵食品中。许多食品如奶酪、泡菜、面包和色拉米香肠均是由乳酸菌发酵产生乳酸,形成产品特有的风味、质地并明显改善产品货架期。正常情况下,动物肌肉组织中乳酸浓度约为0.9％。 乳酸钠是天然中性L(+)乳酸盐,在食品工业中已被广泛的用途。

汗液具有抑菌作用

德国蒂宾根埃伯哈特-卡尔斯大学的比吉特·席特克等从汗液里分离出一种称作Dermcidin的抗菌蛋白,能抵抗多种病菌,可防止感染。早期工作显示,哺乳动物皮肤含有两种蛋白,一种由角化细胞分泌,另一种由多种皮肤细胞分泌。但是,Dermcidin与已知蛋白质无有意义的相似性,而且仅由汗腺分泌。这种蛋白质被分泌到汗液中,然后被送往皮肤表面。

纳豆提取物对两株细菌的抑制作用及其培养条件的优化

为了寻找天然的生物防腐剂和微生态制剂,对纳豆提取物的抑菌作用及其培养条件进行了研究。结果显示：最佳培养条件是接种量6%、含水量60%、物料厚度1.92 cm、后熟时间2 d;抑制金黄色葡萄球菌RCEF091013的碳源、添加物、无机盐和发酵时间的最佳因素水平组合为葡萄糖6%、酵母粉1%、MgSO40.3%、发酵时间48 h;抑制大肠杆菌RCEF091056的最佳组合为麦芽糖4%、酵母粉1.5%、MgSO4 0.3%、发酵时间48 h。纳豆提取物质在pH68有较好的酸碱稳定性,在80℃以下都有良好的热稳定性。Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Fe3＋和Ca2＋对抑菌物质抑菌效果有较大的影响。表明纳豆提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有一定的抑制作用,纳豆提取物的稳定性较强。

蜂胶的抑菌防腐作用

新疆石河子大学工学院杨艳彬等,对蜂胶的抑菌防腐作用进行了研究。结果表明,一定浓度的蜂胶对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母、黑曲霉具有一定的抑菌作用,其抑菌强弱的顺序为大肠杆菌、黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母、黑曲霉。

盐酸小檗碱片大肠杆菌检验方法的探讨

卫生部药品卫生标准规定,口服药必须进行大肠杆菌的检验,盐酸小檗碱片由于对大肠杆菌具有抑菌作用,所以当盐酸小檗碱片污染了大肠杆菌时,如按中国药典1995年版二部附录中的常规方法检验则很难检出,往往造成漏检。为了使盐酸小檗碱片中被污染的大肠杆菌被检出。

磨牙慢性根尖炎一次性塑化治疗的疗效观察

我们在1993年—1996年对磨牙慢性根尖炎进行一次性塑化治疗,取得较好效果。 资料和方法 1、病例和分组 磨牙慢根尖炎患者240例,男110例,女130例,共268个患牙,年龄最小20岁,最大70岁,随机分为试验组和对照组,其中试验组130例共148个患牙,对照组110例共120个患牙。 2、方法 A、试验组:按常规开髓,拨髓,用3％H2O2荡洗根管,干燥根管,甲醛甲酚合剂药捻消毒3—5分钟。

Antifungal Activity of Extracts from Clerodendrum Bungei Leaves against Two Species of Phytopathogens

The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.

Antifungal Effect of Streptomyces 702 Antifungal Monomer Component DZP8 on Rhizoctonia solani and Magnaporthe grisea

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal effects of antifungal monomer component DZP8 isolated from Streptomyces 702 on the mycelium growth, sclerotium formation and germination of Rhizoctonia solani and on the mycelium growth, conidial formation, germination, appressorium formation of Magnaporthe grisea. The results showed that the antifungal monomer component DZP8 has strong antifungal effect on both the R. solani and M. grisea. The EC50 and EC90 of DZP8 were 1.81 and 3.35 μg/ml on Ft. solani respectively, and 37.01 and 136.21 μg/ml on M. grisea respectively. Under the treatment of 48.01 μg/ml DZP8, the sclerotium formation rate of R. solani was just 39.21%, the formation time delayed by 216 h and the dry weight decreased by 81.37% in comparison the con- trol; and 33.51 μg/ml DZP8 significantly inhibited the sclerotium germination. In the presence of 160.08 μg/ml DZP8, the sporulation of M. grisea was just 9.29% of control sample; 20.14 μg/ml DZP8 inhibited the conidial germination suppression rate by 95.16%, and the appressorium formation by 100%.

Study on In vitro Bacteriostasis of the Different Extract from Ilex Kudingcha C.J.Tseng

[ Objective ] The aim was to study bacteriostatic activity of the different extract from Ilex Kudingcha C. J. Tseng. [ Method ] By using test tube 2 -fold dilution method and Kirby-Baueer Disc Diffusionto,we conducted inhibitory test on S. aureus and E, coil and determined the minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）and the diameter of inhibition zone. [ Result ] The extract 1 had fairly strong in vitro bacteriostasis activities and than the extract2 and extract3. The MIC and MBC was 3.91 mg/ml and 31.25 mg/ml on S. aureus and E. coil [ Conclusion] The result showed that the different extract from Ilex Kudingcha C. J. Tseng had varying amount of different bacteriostatic activities,the Ilex Kudingcha C. J. Tseng was developed new and safe bacteriostatic reagent to provide reference.

Inhibitory Effects of Bacillus subtilis on Staphylococcus aureus

[Objective] To produce drug resistance, seek non-toxic environmental so as to change the current biological drugs that did not excessive use of antibiotics. [Methods] A strain of Bacillus was purified and isolated from fresh and healthy in- testines of grass carps. Biochemical identification was carried out by conventional bacterial biochemical test method. Two pairs of primers were designed, 16S rRNA detection and sequencing analysis were carried out. Drug sensitive test was carried out by agar diffusion method. In vitro inhibition test on Staphylococcus aureus was carried out by Oxford cup method. [Results] The isolated bacterium had basically the same biochemical characters as Bacillus subtilis; and the homology reached 100%. Thus, the isolated bacterium was identified to be Bacillus subtilis. It was insensitive to amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and so on, but sensitive to amikacin, cefalexin, ciprofloxacin and cefradine. The inhibitory effects of Bacillus subtilis on Staphylococ- cus aureus were significant. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） was 2.8×10^8×2^-5/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） was 2.8×10^8×2^-2/ml. [Conclusions] The isolated Bacillus subtilis could be used to prevent and control diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and reduce the abuse of antibiotics.

Inhibitory Effects of Original Nano-Cu_2O Drug and Nano-Cu_2O Suspension on Snake Melon Botrytis cinerea

The drug-containing culture medium method for the test of toxicity was adopted to compare inhibitive effects of original nano-Cu2O drug and nano-Cu2O suspension, and nano-Cu2O drug has better inhibitive effects on snake melon Botry- tis cinerea than original nano-Cu2O drug with the same mass concentration, and inhibitory effects are positively correlated with concentration. Correlation coefficients of the toxicity regression equation are 0.892 2 and 0.996 1, effective concentration EC50 of original nano-Cu2O drug and that of nano-Cu2O suspension are 3 948.9 and 167.9 mg/kg. Original nano-Cu2O drug has an inhibitive effect on snake melon Botrytis cinerea, but the inhibition of nano-Cu2O suspension is more obvious.

Inhibition of Chlamydospore Germination and Mycelial Growth of Trichoderma spp. by Chemical Fungicides

For exploring the influences of application and residue of chemical fungi- cides on chlamydospore preparations of Trichoderma spp., the effects of seven chemical fungicides on chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of two bio- control fungi T. harzianum 610 and T. Iongibrachiatum 758 were studied. Carben- dazim, tebuconazole and difenoconazole showed strong toxicities, thiram and car- bexin showed moderate toxicities, and metalaxyl showed Mycelia growth of the two strains was more sensitive to most tested fungicides than those of chlamydospore germination. Chlamydospore germination of 610 was more sensitive to tested fungicides than those of 758, and mycelia growth of 758 was more sensitive to most tested fungi- cides than those of 610. Among the seven fungicides, 98% carbendazim had the strongest effects （ECru values were 1.64 and 0.05μpg/ml）, and 70% pentachloroni- trobenzene had the weakest effects （EC50 values were 1.64 and 0,05 μg/ml） for chlamydospore germination and mycelia growth of 610. As for 758, 98% carbendaz- im had the strongest inhibitory effects and 95% metalaxyl had the weakest inhibitory for chlamydospore germination of 756 （EC50 values were 0.62 and 1 108.61 μg/ml respectively）, whereas 96.2% tebuconazole showed the strongest inhibitory effects for mycelia growth of 758 （EC= value was 0.32μg/ml）, and 95% metalaxyl was the weakest （EC= value was 1 206.29 μg/ml）. According to the applied concentration of different fungicides in practice, we concluded that chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 could not be combined with carbendazim, tebuconazole, thiram and carboxin for controlling plant diseases, and the pesticide residues to the biocontrol effects should be kept in mind. Chlamydospore preparations of 610 and 758 can be and difenoconazole for controlling plant dis- eases, 758 chlamydospore preparations and germinated chlamydospore of 610 can be combined with metalaxyl for controlling plant diseases, and pesticide residue risk was not serious.

红霉软膏治疗小儿臀红的体会

臀红为小儿腹泻的常见并发症,自1996年8月至1997年10月,试用红霉素软膏治疗小儿臀红120例,收到满意疗效,现报告如下。1临床资料 本组患儿120例,1-2岁者18例,1岁以下102例。单纯肛周红肿者114例。

Inhibitory Effects of Some Plant Extracts on 5 Bacterial Strains

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.

治疗脚气九法

①脚上患有脚气、脚癣,连续用生大蒜擦磨,便可治愈。 ②用食醋将雪花膏调成糊状,涂于患处。随配随用,轻者1次,重者2～3次可愈。 ③用茄子根和盐煮的水洗脚,即可治好脚气病。

凉拌菜的学问

吃凉拌菜是有益的。由于大多数维生素是热敏性物质,遇热易遭受破坏,受热愈厉害,破坏愈严重,甚至完全被破坏。凉拌菜一般质地脆嫩,色泽诱人,爽口不腻,人们喜食。

瓜果蔬菜绿色保鲜剂问世

一种利用高科技手段研制成功的无公害天然生物保鲜剂——壳糖鲜海洋涂膜保鲜剂,为瓜果蔬菜穿上绿色保鲜衣,这一成果已经专家鉴定。

别具特色的洗面乳

本文介绍一种含有细木片的别具特色的洗面乳的制作方法。 朴树是属于木兰科的一种木本植物,其树皮的干燥物——厚朴可以入药,具有镇静、舒筋、抗痉挛、抑制脊椎反射等作用。但是从来没有人将它用于化妆品之中。 近年来有人发现,厚朴中含有的木兰醇、厚朴油具有抗菌、抑菌作用,尤其对于毛囊内细菌、葡萄球菌等病菌的抑制作用更为显著。