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农业部发文要求各地 加强农业投入品的监督管理
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《中国水产》 北大核心 2003年第2期12-12,共1页
关键词 投入产品 市场秩序 监督管理 农业 农业部
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终端市场的产品、需求、关系定位
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《江苏农村经济(品牌农资)》 2012年第10期29-29,共1页
目前,很多农资企业在运作终端渠道时,经常出现终端用户对产品接收度小、中间经销客户经营产品不用心等困惑,这样企业就不敢继续在规模养殖场进一步投入产品或进行主导性经营,工作展不开,最终导致公司总体销量上不去。出现上述现象... 目前,很多农资企业在运作终端渠道时,经常出现终端用户对产品接收度小、中间经销客户经营产品不用心等困惑,这样企业就不敢继续在规模养殖场进一步投入产品或进行主导性经营,工作展不开,最终导致公司总体销量上不去。出现上述现象,笔者认为,是企业没订从本质上、核心竞争优势上去考虑自身产品的独特定位,而是走大众路线、跟随策略,这样当然吸引不了用户和市场的注意力。对此,笔者提出食业的三方定位。 展开更多
关键词 经营产品 终端市场 农资企业 核心竞争优势 终端用户 规模养殖场 投入产品 跟随策略
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成本计算中的简化分批法详解 被引量:1
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作者 湛忠灿 《财会学习》 2012年第6期29-31,共3页
简化分批法是指在用分批法计算产品成本时,若月内投入产品的批次较多,对于各个批次的产品每月发生的间接计入费用,先将其归集在基本生产成本二级账中,按成本项目分别累计起来,只有在有完工产品的月份,才对完工产品按照其累计工时... 简化分批法是指在用分批法计算产品成本时,若月内投入产品的批次较多,对于各个批次的产品每月发生的间接计入费用,先将其归集在基本生产成本二级账中,按成本项目分别累计起来,只有在有完工产品的月份,才对完工产品按照其累计工时的比例分配间接计入费用,计算完工产品成本。因此,全部在产品应负担的间接计入费用,先以总数反映在基本生产成本二级账中,暂不进行分配,不分批计算。 展开更多
关键词 分批法 成本计算 产品成本 生产成本 完工产品 比例分配 投入产品 成本项目
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R&D subsidy policy of domestic firm considering foreign firm competition
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作者 张伟 仲伟俊 梅姝娥 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2016年第4期513-519,共7页
Taking the advanced technology of the foreign firm into account, a mixed duopoly three-stage game model is established in the context of research and development(RD)investment subsidies and product subsidies for dom... Taking the advanced technology of the foreign firm into account, a mixed duopoly three-stage game model is established in the context of research and development(RD)investment subsidies and product subsidies for domestic firms provided by the government, and the RD subsidy policy of domestic firms in competition with foreign firms is analyzed.The equilibrium output, RD investment of the domestic firm, social welfare and the value of government subsidies are derived, in the case of the two policies, RD investment subsidies and product subsidies for domestic firms, provided by the government. The results show that, the equilibrium output and the optimal social welfare under the RD investment subsidy policy are both less than those under the product subsidy policy; the optimal RD investment under the RD investment subsidy policy is less than that under the product subsidy policy; and the RD product subsidy has a more obvious incentive effect on firm RD investment. Under the background of the leading edge of technology of foreign firms, the product subsidy policy drawn up by the government to encourage RD innovation of domestic firms is more effective than the RD investment subsidy policy. 展开更多
关键词 research and development(R&D) investment investment subsidy product subsidy technology gap foreign firm competition
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浅谈居住小区绿化
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作者 吴树静 陶萃 《河北企业》 2014年第3期85-86,共2页
居住小区绿化分广义绿化和狭义绿化。广义的泛指只要增加了植物、改善居住小区环境的种植栽培、园林工程等行为,都可以算是小区绿化;狭义的是指在广义的泛指基础上增加了人为的评判标准。如:该植物的存在,对环境的利弊分析,特别是... 居住小区绿化分广义绿化和狭义绿化。广义的泛指只要增加了植物、改善居住小区环境的种植栽培、园林工程等行为,都可以算是小区绿化;狭义的是指在广义的泛指基础上增加了人为的评判标准。如:该植物的存在,对环境的利弊分析,特别是有些外来植物。一切的基础以对人类社会的投入产品来评判,进而划分出:小区绿化、别墅绿化、庭院绿化、景观设计等。 展开更多
关键词 小区绿化 居住 小区环境 评判标准 园林工程 利弊分析 投入产品 人类社会
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四川在新西部的经济地位
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作者 刘志东 《四川统计》 2001年第1期34-37,共4页
2000年10月,由国务院西部开发办公室、国务院新闻办公室、国家对外经济贸易部和中共四川省委、四川省人民政府共同在成都举办的"2000·中国西部论坛"将中国西部地区明确定位为四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏、广西、陕西... 2000年10月,由国务院西部开发办公室、国务院新闻办公室、国家对外经济贸易部和中共四川省委、四川省人民政府共同在成都举办的"2000·中国西部论坛"将中国西部地区明确定位为四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏、广西、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、内蒙古12省、区、市. 展开更多
关键词 四川 西部地区 经济地位 经济发展 经济差距 对外开放 经济结构 宏观经济效益 投入产品
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中小企业突围 网络营销策略知多少
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作者 邓超明 《现代商业》 2008年第4期22-25,共4页
对于网络营销,笔者进行了长期的思考,查阅了众多资料,跟踪了业界发生的许多案例,同时针对一些产品与网站进行了程度不一的实践与操盘,对可资采用、操作相对方便灵活的网络营销方式有一定把握,并且对各类网络营销工具及手法的投入... 对于网络营销,笔者进行了长期的思考,查阅了众多资料,跟踪了业界发生的许多案例,同时针对一些产品与网站进行了程度不一的实践与操盘,对可资采用、操作相对方便灵活的网络营销方式有一定把握,并且对各类网络营销工具及手法的投入产品比进行了一些指标上的评判。 展开更多
关键词 网络营销策略 中小企业 突围 投入产品 营销方式 营销工具 相对方
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China’s Export Expansion, Export Structure and Energy Consumption 被引量:1
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作者 Lan Yisheng Ning Xuemin 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2011年第3期77-85,共9页
Since the reform and opening up,China's export trade has maintained a rapid growth;meanwhile,China's energy consumption has been increasing sharply. "High export and high energy consumption" has beco... Since the reform and opening up,China's export trade has maintained a rapid growth;meanwhile,China's energy consumption has been increasing sharply. "High export and high energy consumption" has become the feature of China's trade and economic development.In this paper,based on the input-output analysis approach,the authors have conducted an empirical study on the export trade and energy consumption of 21 trade industrial sectors.The results show that,China is a big net exporter of embodied energy.Assuming that the export growth rate of embodied energy maintains to be about 23.6%,the average annual growth rate of the past 32 years,and based on the input-output data of 2005,by 2030 China's net export of embodied energy would be over eight times more than the aggregate energy production,which is obviously infeasible.As a country of very low per capita energy,China must change its export pattern,encourage or restrain the export of different industrial sectors according to their energy consumption intensity,and promote structural change of energy-efficient exported products,so as to achieve the sustainable development.Accordingly,the authors put forward some suggestions. 展开更多
关键词 export trade embodied energy input-output analysis sustainable development
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Empirically Analysis of the CO_2 Emissions Embodied in Exports of China 被引量:1
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作者 Zhu Qirong 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2011年第3期86-96,共11页
In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of expo... In this paper,using the input-output model,the author first calculated the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China in 2002 and 2007.Then,the author empirically analyzed problems existing in the composition of exported products and analyzed its possible reasons.The research results of this paper are as follows:Since China's entry into WTO,the CO 2 emissions embodied in exports of China have been increasing rapidly;the value of exported products of high-carbon emissions industries accounts for a relatively higher proportion to China's total exports value because China's carbon intensive products have a certain competitive advantage.Additionally,this paper has put forward relevant suggestions based on these results. 展开更多
关键词 EXPORTS CO2 emissions carbon intensive prod-ucts inputoutput model
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Analysis of the Energy Embodied in Foreign Goods Trade of China
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作者 Ma Tao Fang Changming Chen Jiakuan 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2009年第4期39-45,共7页
In recent years,scientists have been increasingly interested in the energy embodied in traded goods among countries.In this article,the direct energy intensities in various economic sectors of China were calculated wi... In recent years,scientists have been increasingly interested in the energy embodied in traded goods among countries.In this article,the direct energy intensities in various economic sectors of China were calculated with the data of energy consumption and output value of each sector,and the input-output table was used to estimate the external energy consumption.The total energy intensity of all sectors was then obtained.From the data of international trade,the energy embodied in goods trade of China was estimated for the period of 1994-2001.During this period,the average energy intensity of imported goods was always higher than that of exported ones.As a country with a surplus in international goods trade,China actually imported net embodied energy in the past few years.The net embodied energy imported was at the same magnitude of the imported energy in the form of fossil fuels. 展开更多
关键词 embodied energy foreign trade China
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Effects of Trade Liberalization and Outsourcing on Employment in China during 1995-2009
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作者 卫瑞 庄宗明 《China Economist》 2015年第6期93-109,共17页
With the deepening of economic globalization, trade liberalization and outsourcing exert increasingly important effects on China's employment. Based on China's (imporO non-competitive input-output table and employm... With the deepening of economic globalization, trade liberalization and outsourcing exert increasingly important effects on China's employment. Based on China's (imporO non-competitive input-output table and employment data provided by the World Input-Output Database (WIOD), this paper has estimated China "s total employment and skill-specific employment between 1995 and 2009 and utilized structural decomposition method to investigate the effects of trade liberalization and outsourcing as two internationalization factors on China's job growth. Results indicate that between 1995 and 2009, China's total employment and skill-specific employment increased significantly, and the expansion of final output and particularly export expansion is a major driver of job growth, that the reduction in labor input coefficient is a major restraint of job growth, and that outsourcing is generally unfavorable to China's job growth. By specific product categories, their production internationalization effect of the production sectors of different types of products (aggregate effect of trade liberalization and variation in the level of outsourcing on employment variation) derives from different sources. For sectors of low technology products, their production internationalization effect mainly derives from the expansion of the share of export. For the production sectors of medium technology products, their production internationalization effect mainly derives from outsourcing expansion. By specific groups of workforce, low-skilled workforce is the most vulnerable to the impact of production internationalization, medium-skilled workforce is subject to relatively small effect, while the effect on highly-skilled workforce is negligible. 展开更多
关键词 trade liberalization OUTSOURCING employment fluctuation non-competitiveinput-output table structural decomposition analysis
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Input-Output Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Chinese Industries
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作者 董敏杰 梁泳梅 《China Economist》 2011年第4期40-52,共13页
In this paper, we attempted to calculate the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of China's industries. Calculations are based on the input-output model that incorporates pollution... In this paper, we attempted to calculate the impact of environmental regulation on the international competitiveness of China's industries. Calculations are based on the input-output model that incorporates pollution control costs. We took enterprises 'pollution control costs as the substitute variable for environmental regulation and price changes to measure the impact on international competitiveness for all sectors. Our studies reported three findings. First, price rises caused by pollution control costs were not more than 4 per cent in the manufacturing and trade sectors in 2007. Second, although the charging rate on pollutant discharge has become increasingly higher since 2003, the resultant price rise is only around O. 5 per cent across all sectors. Third, the impact brought about by increasingly stronger environmental regulation is limited and the resultant price rise does not exceed 2 per cent. Thesefindings indicate that the impact of environmental regulation on China's trade sectors is affordable. Therefore, it is needless to worry that environmental regulation will weaken the international competitiveness of Chinese products. 展开更多
关键词 environmental regulation input-output model price level exportcompetitiveness
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Carbon Emission Transfer by International Trade:Taking the Case of Sino-U.S.Merchandise Trade as an Example 被引量:6
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作者 余慧超 王礼茂 《Journal of Resources and Ecology》 CSCD 2010年第2期155-163,共9页
中美两国均为温室气体排放大国,且双边贸易额巨大。由于两国在基础设施、技术、装备水平、能源综合效率和资源禀赋上存在差异,使得通过中美商品贸易,美国将大量的碳排放转移到了中国。本文采用投入产出分析方法,结合经济、能源与贸易3... 中美两国均为温室气体排放大国,且双边贸易额巨大。由于两国在基础设施、技术、装备水平、能源综合效率和资源禀赋上存在差异,使得通过中美商品贸易,美国将大量的碳排放转移到了中国。本文采用投入产出分析方法,结合经济、能源与贸易3个系统,建立了基于国际商品贸易的碳排放转移模型,并分别测算了1997与2002年中美商品贸易中各相应部门的碳排放转移量。研究表明:(1)1997与2002年,基于中美商品贸易的中国产业部门通过出口转移到美国的载碳量分别达到4010.13×104 与5056.21×104 t C,分别占中国相应产业部门载碳总量的6.61%与8.33%;而美国产业部门出口到中国商品的载碳量仅为290.65×104与335.61×104 t C,相应的仅占美国产业部门载碳总量的 0.53%与 0.66%;(2)1997 与 2002 年,中美商品贸易的碳转移总量分别达 3719.75×104与4719.60×104 t C,其中化学工业、金属冶炼及其压延加工业是主要的碳转移部门。(3)1997与2002年,通过国际商品贸易,美国分别有相当于其相应部门碳排放总量的6.77%与9.32%的碳被泄露到了中国,中国为美国的碳减排做出了很大的潜在贡献,因此,美国等发达国家应该为中国等发展中国家提供切实有效的气候与环境友好型技术援助。 展开更多
关键词 merchandise trade carbon transfer input-output analysis Sino-U.S.
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STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS ON CHINA'S ENERGY INTENSITY CHANGE FOR 1987-2005 被引量:7
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作者 Yan XIA Cuihong YANG Xikang CHEN 《Journal of Systems Science & Complexity》 SCIE EI CSCD 2012年第1期156-166,共11页
There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for the dramatic decline of China's energy intensity in the 1980s and 1990s. However, few detailed analysis has been done to explain the fluctuat... There has been considerable debate about the major factors responsible for the dramatic decline of China's energy intensity in the 1980s and 1990s. However, few detailed analysis has been done to explain the fluctuation in energy intensity during 2002-005. In this paper, we use the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to decompose energy intensity into five determining factors: Energy input coefficient, technology coefficient (Leontief inverse coefficient), final demands structure by product, final demands by category and final energy consumption coefficient. We then further decompose two coefficients, energy input coefficient and technology coefficient, into structure and real coefficient. Empirical study is carried out based on the energy-input-output tables from 1987 to 2005 in 2000 constant price. The results show that between 1987 and 2002, energy input structure accounts for most of the decline in energy intensity. However, the input structure and final demands structure by product explain the increase of the energy intensity between 2002 and 2005. 展开更多
关键词 Energy intensity input-output technology RAS method structural decomposition anal ysis
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Industrial structure optimization in central China under the energy constraint
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作者 孙威 李文会 +1 位作者 唐志鹏 樊杰 《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第9期1377-1388,共12页
Optimizing industrial structure is an important research object of human-economic geography, and it is also the object of government departments to strengthen macro-control. This has become even greater problem that C... Optimizing industrial structure is an important research object of human-economic geography, and it is also the object of government departments to strengthen macro-control. This has become even greater problem that China has entered the "new normal" in recent years. The study uses a multi-regional input-output model, with linear programming to build an optimal model of industrial structure as well as a model of optimization degree under the energy constraint. The results of the study revealed that:(1) the degree of optimization of industrial structure in Anhui Province is optimal(0.763), while that of Shanxi Province is the lowest(0.662);(2) the degree of optimization of industrial structure is negatively related to energy consumption per unit output value and the proportion of heavy industry; and(3) overall, central China should maintain or moderately increase the proportions of resource-based industry, greatly increase the proportions of manufacturing, including transport and telecommunications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment, and moderately reduce the proportions of smelting and pressing of metals and non-metal mineral products. In terms of service industries, the region should greatly increase the proportions of the production and supply of natural gas and tap water, moderately reduce or maintain the proportions of transport and storage as well as tourism, and maintain or moderately reduce the proportions of wholesale trade, retail trade and catering services. 展开更多
关键词 central China multi-regional input-output model linear programming industrial structure energyconsumption
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