Since the recent crack down on pyramid and ponzi schemes, there have been attempts by unscrupulous persons to devise alternative means of attracting unsuspecting persons willing to do legitimate businesses for financi...Since the recent crack down on pyramid and ponzi schemes, there have been attempts by unscrupulous persons to devise alternative means of attracting unsuspecting persons willing to do legitimate businesses for financial gains. The Caribbean Policy Research Institute [CAPRIl] （2008） in its report titled ＂Investigating Informal Investment Schemes in Jamaica＂ stated in its analysis of the characteristics of multilevel, pyramid, and ponzi schemes that despite the heterogeneity in the structure of these organizations, they all involve large numbers of small investors who are often lured into participating in a wide range of investment activities or financial hedging through the administration of a central unit. These schemes rely predominantly on new customers/clients to fund payments to existing customers. The need for a consistent supply of new recruits for sustainability and perceived growth is paramount. Based on the CAPRI report, pyramid schemes are unsustainable investment ploys that always fail to meet the expectations of over 90% of its investors with very little emphasis on profit-making ventures or products. This paper will examine the similarity between the recently foiled financial pyramid schemes and the current multilevel marketing （MLM） strategies of consumables that are cunningly being proposed as legitimate business and entrepreneurial options. This paper will present handy information for persons interested in participating in MLM businesses and regulators in order to make informed decisions to avoid a repeat of unwise investment.展开更多
The research topic is the one of public finance company whose core business is focused to support investment projects to overcome enterprises technological and structural gap. The research question is： If and how a p...The research topic is the one of public finance company whose core business is focused to support investment projects to overcome enterprises technological and structural gap. The research question is： If and how a public finance company is able to create and favor value creation processes sustainability for agro-food enterprises, highlighting the positive emerging externalities for different categories of stakeholders. They have results with particular evidences allow comparisons between the private investments and the support of institutional public investors. In such perspective, the mode of disbursement of soft loans and investment operations made by a public financing company will be examined. The methodological approach used, following a deductive-inductive perspective, is based on the ease study. Such technique able to formulate theories about a little known phenomena in their context, allows the study of recent events on which the researcher has little control. To this, a qualitative analysis on both primary and secondary data adds. From data analysis, it resulted that the Institute of Agribusiness Development （ISA） initiatives facilitated, just for example, the technological innovation of production department and consequent production capacity, the acquisition of production assets for row material processing and optimization of internal logistics, through an innovative automated warehouse. As a result, the case study finds sustainability at multiple levels reached by the activities promoted by ISA and the subsequent co-creation of value for stakeholders involved, small agro-food businesses innovation, and/or internationalization processes. As long as practical implications are concerned, such highlight the importance and the need for public and private institutions in their effort to continue to invest in projects to support the economy of the country. The originality of the paper lies in the proposed interpretation of more integrative paradigms （viable system approach, sustainability, and, value creation）, analyzing a financial institution for the development of the Italian food industry. At the same time, authors stress the research limit that is the analysis of the input of only one organization and consequent limited data in quantity and time span.展开更多
文摘Since the recent crack down on pyramid and ponzi schemes, there have been attempts by unscrupulous persons to devise alternative means of attracting unsuspecting persons willing to do legitimate businesses for financial gains. The Caribbean Policy Research Institute [CAPRIl] （2008） in its report titled ＂Investigating Informal Investment Schemes in Jamaica＂ stated in its analysis of the characteristics of multilevel, pyramid, and ponzi schemes that despite the heterogeneity in the structure of these organizations, they all involve large numbers of small investors who are often lured into participating in a wide range of investment activities or financial hedging through the administration of a central unit. These schemes rely predominantly on new customers/clients to fund payments to existing customers. The need for a consistent supply of new recruits for sustainability and perceived growth is paramount. Based on the CAPRI report, pyramid schemes are unsustainable investment ploys that always fail to meet the expectations of over 90% of its investors with very little emphasis on profit-making ventures or products. This paper will examine the similarity between the recently foiled financial pyramid schemes and the current multilevel marketing （MLM） strategies of consumables that are cunningly being proposed as legitimate business and entrepreneurial options. This paper will present handy information for persons interested in participating in MLM businesses and regulators in order to make informed decisions to avoid a repeat of unwise investment.
文摘The research topic is the one of public finance company whose core business is focused to support investment projects to overcome enterprises technological and structural gap. The research question is： If and how a public finance company is able to create and favor value creation processes sustainability for agro-food enterprises, highlighting the positive emerging externalities for different categories of stakeholders. They have results with particular evidences allow comparisons between the private investments and the support of institutional public investors. In such perspective, the mode of disbursement of soft loans and investment operations made by a public financing company will be examined. The methodological approach used, following a deductive-inductive perspective, is based on the ease study. Such technique able to formulate theories about a little known phenomena in their context, allows the study of recent events on which the researcher has little control. To this, a qualitative analysis on both primary and secondary data adds. From data analysis, it resulted that the Institute of Agribusiness Development （ISA） initiatives facilitated, just for example, the technological innovation of production department and consequent production capacity, the acquisition of production assets for row material processing and optimization of internal logistics, through an innovative automated warehouse. As a result, the case study finds sustainability at multiple levels reached by the activities promoted by ISA and the subsequent co-creation of value for stakeholders involved, small agro-food businesses innovation, and/or internationalization processes. As long as practical implications are concerned, such highlight the importance and the need for public and private institutions in their effort to continue to invest in projects to support the economy of the country. The originality of the paper lies in the proposed interpretation of more integrative paradigms （viable system approach, sustainability, and, value creation）, analyzing a financial institution for the development of the Italian food industry. At the same time, authors stress the research limit that is the analysis of the input of only one organization and consequent limited data in quantity and time span.
