深层水泥土双向搅拌桩强度试验研究

为了研究广州南沙地区深厚软土条件下水泥土双向搅拌桩桩身水泥土强度与土质类型的关系,对现场桩体抽芯试样进行了单轴无侧限抗压强度实验,获得了3种不同土质拌合的桩身水泥土的应力-应变曲线和桩身强度-深度的变化曲线。通过分析这些数据曲线,得知不同土质类型拌合的桩身水泥土强度差异很大,其中粉质粘土质桩身水泥土强度最高,淤泥质桩身水泥土强度较低。由于这种拌合土质类型的差异性,使得搅拌桩桩体强度随着地层土质的变化产生明显的分段性。对水泥土双向搅拌桩桩身水泥土平均抗压值强度fcu的取值进行了探讨,为钉形水泥土双向搅拌桩在广州南沙地区的应用提供了依据。

水玻璃加固土的特性研究

通过室内常规实验、浸水实验、无侧限抗压强度实验,对Na2SiO3溶液加固的黄土-Na2SiO3复合体的物理力学特性进行了室内实验研究,取得了(唐)大明宫含元殿窑址附近黄土-Na2SiO3复合体的基本力学特性参数,可供该地区其他类似条件的遗址加固设计参考.

改性钼尾矿混凝土抗压性能试验研究

通过对以质量分数50%钼尾矿取代天然砂的钼尾矿混凝土采取单掺粉煤灰和复掺粉煤灰、硅粉2种形式,根据坍落度实验和立方体抗压强度实验研究其工作性能与抗压性能。结果表明,粉煤灰的掺加可以使拌合物的流动性增强,坍落度增加,有效提高钼尾矿混凝土的早期强度;单掺粉煤灰,能够使钼尾矿混凝土的抗压强度提高;当复掺粉煤灰和硅粉时,早期强度增幅较慢,后期较快。

Experimental investigation on the relevance of mechanical properties and porosity of sandstone after hydrochemical erosion

Under the effect of chemical etching,the macroscopic mechanical properties,mesoscopic structure,mineral content,and porosity of rocks undergo significant changes,which can lead to the geological disasters; thus,an understanding of changes in the microscopic and macroscopic structure of rocks after chemical etching is crucial.In this study,uniaxial mechanical tests and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy were carried out on sandstone samples that had been previously subjected to chemical erosion under different p H values.The aim was to study changes in properties and mechanical characteristics,including deformation and strength characteristics,of the rock,and microscopic pore variation characteristics,and to perform preliminary studies of the chemical corrosion mechanism.Results show that different chemical solutions have a significant influence on the uniaxial compressive strength,the axial strain corresponding to the peak axial stress,elastic modulus,etc.With the passage of time,porosity increases gradually with exposure to different chemical solutions,and exposure to chemical solutions results in large changes in the NMR T2 curve and T2 spectrum area.Sandstone exposed to different chemical solutions exhibits different corrosion mechanisms; the root cause is the change of mineral.

Treatment of bauxite residue dust pollution by improving structural stability via application of synthetic and natural polymers

The residue drying area(RDA)is the major source of fugitive red sand(RS)dust emissions in the bauxite mining industry and causes serious environmental and safety detriments.Polymer stabilizer(PS)is one of the promising non-traditional stabilizers to mitigate such issues.This research investigated the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of RS using synthetic polymer stabilizer(SPS)and natural polymer stabilizer(NPS),and to determine the optimum application concentration and mixing ratio of the PAM and Guar gum mixture.Results illustrated that PAM apparently outperform Guar gum in stabilizing sand particles.The mixture of PAM and Guar gum is more effective than individual use.The optimum polymer concentration and the mixing ratio are 0.94 wt.%and 0.6(PAM:total(PAM+Guar gum)),respectively.A rigorous regression model was developed to predict the UCS value based on application concentration and mixing ratio for the purpose of cost and time efficiency.

Damage model of fresh concrete in sulphate environment

A model of damage to fresh concrete in a corrosive sulphate environment was formulated to investigate how and why the strength of corroded concrete changes over time. First, a corroded concrete block was divided into three regions: an expanded and dense region; a crack-development region; and a noncorroded region. Second, based on the thickness of the surface corrosion layer and the rate of loss of compressive strength of the corroding region, a computational model of the concrete blocks' corrosion-resistance coefficient of compressive strength in a sulphate environment was generated. Third, experimental tests of the corrosion of concrete were conducted by immersing specimens in a corrosive medium for 270 d. A comparison of the experimental results with the computational formulae shows that the calculation results and test results are in good agreement. A parameter analysis reveals that the corrosion reaction plays a major role in the corrosion of fresh concrete containing ordinary Portland cement,but the diffusion of the corrosion medium plays a major role in the corrosion of concrete mixtures containing fly ash and sulphate-resistant cement. Fresh concrete with a high water-to-cement ratio shows high performance during the whole experiment process whereas fresh concrete with a low water-to-cement ratio shows poor performance during the late experiment period.

Experimental study on the compressive strength of grouted concrete block masonry based on nondestructive detection methods

Existing nondestructive detection methods were adopted to test the compressive strength of grouted concrete block masonry,i.e.the rebound method,pulling-out method and core drilling method were employed to test the strength of block,mortar and grouted concrete,respectively.The suitability of these methods for the testing of strength of grouted concrete block masonry was discussed,and the comprehensive strength of block masonry was appraised by combining existing nondestructive or micro-destructive detection methods.The nondestructive detection test on 25 grouted concrete block masonry specimens was carried out.Experimental results show that these methods mentioned above are applicable for the strength detection of grouted concrete block masonry.Moreover,the formulas of compressive strength,detection methods and proposals are given as well.

Effective Utilization of Concrete Sludge as Soil Improvement Materials

The amount of muddy soil generated from various kinds of construction sites is always problematic. It is very difficult to treat muddy soil because of its low strength and high water content. But, the reuse of muddy soil is necessary to reduce the total amount of industrial wastes. Surplus concrete is also in a similar situation. Coarse and fine aggregates are removed from surplus concrete as an intermediate treatment, however, concrete sludge still remains. The authors propose a reuse method that involves the muddy soil being mixed with concrete sludge as an improvement material. The possibility of the utilization of concrete sludge was investigated through laboratory experiments. As a result, it was found that the unconfined compressive strength of the improved soil mixed with concrete sludge increased as the curing proceeded.

Strength Evaluation of Normal Strength and Self-compacting Reinforced Concrete Beams under the Effect of Impact Loading

This paper is devoted to investigate experimentally the strength evaluation of normal strength and self-compacting reinforced concrete beams under the effect of impact. The experimental work includes investigating of eight （180×250×1,200 ram） beam specimens. Three variables are adopted in this paper： tensile reinforcement ratio, type of concrete （NSC （normal strength concrete） or SCC （self-compacting concrete）） and height of falling （dropped） ball （1 m or 2 m）. The experimental results indicated that the number of blows increased with increasing of tensile reinforcement ratio and compressive strength by about 35% and 123%, respectively. Maximum mid-span deflection was increased with increasing falling height and decreased with increasing reinforcement ration and concrete compressive strength. The increasing of concrete compressive strength is more effective than increasing of the reinforcement ratio, it appeared that the percentage of increasing exceeds 50%. The ultimate strength is decreased with increasing the falling height for about 34%-44%.

Experimental investigation on strength and deformation of plain high-strength concrete under multiaxial stress state

To investigate the strength and deformation behavior of plain high-strength concrete （HSC） under muhiaxial stress states, a large static-dynamic true triaxial machine was employed, and muhiaxial tests were performed on 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cubes concrete specimens. Friction-reducing pads were three-layer plastic membranes with glycerine in-between for the compressive loading plane. The tensile loading plane of concrete samples was processed by attrition machine, and then the samples were glued up with the loading plate with structural glue. Failure modes of specimens were described. The principal static compressive strengths, strains at the peak stress and stress-strain curves were measured, and the influence of stress ratios on them was analyzed as well. Experimental results show that the ratio of the compressive strength σ3f over the uniaxial compressive strengthfo depends on brittleness-stiffness of concrete besides stress state and stress ratios. The formula of Kupfer-Gerstle＇ s and Ottosen＇ s failure criterion for plain HSC under biaxial compression and muhiaxial stress state is proposed respectively.

Critical crack tip opening displacement of different strength concrete

Critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) of concrete using experimental and analytical evaluation with seven different compressive strengths ranging from 30 up to 150 MPa was studied based on two types of fracture tests:three-point bending (TPB) and wedge splitting (WS).In the tests,the values of CTODc were experimentally recorded using a novel technique,in which fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were used,and two traditional techniques,in which strain gauges and clip gauges were deployed.The values of CTODc of tested concrete were also predicted using two existing analytical formulae proposed by JENQ & SHAH and XU,respectively.It is found that the values of CTODc obtained by both experimental measurements and analytical formulae exhibit a negligible variation as the compressive strength of concrete increases,and the test geometry adopted has little impact on the value of CTODc.Regarding the experimental measurement of CTODc,the clip gauge method generally leads to a larger value of CTODc and shows a more significant scatter as compared with the other two methods,while the strain gauge method leads to a slightly lower CTODc as compared with the FBG sensor method.The analytical formula proposed by JENQ and SHAH is found to generally lead to an overestimation,while the analytical formula proposed by XU shows a good accuracy.

Experimental study on similarity materials for soft rock of deep-buried tunnels

When every parameter is properly scaled down in accordance with some similarity coefficients, it is possible to study the physical-mechanical properties of rock mass with a scale model. To identify the key mechanisms of soft rock in deep buried tunnels, the proper sand, binder and ratio were selected. During the process, the model manufacture technology was introduced and typical tests were done and the results were presented. The physical and meehanieal properties effects caused by each composition were discussed. It is shown that the physical and mechanical properties of chosen ratio material such as uniaxial compressive strength tests, elasticity modulus, tensile strength, internal frictional angle, and Poisson＇s ratio meet with similarity relationship well. The physical and mechanical properties of deep soft rock are simulated successfully.

改良粉砂土力学性能实验研究

为使作为路基填料的豫东粉砂土达到工程效果,对其进行改良实验.首先取开封地区粉砂土样筛分得到其基本物理性质,然后选定水泥、石灰及粉煤灰作为改良剂,设计正交实验方案,进行击实、直剪、无侧限抗压强度实验、动三轴实验.结果表明:(1)改良土的最佳含水率整体增大,最大干密度降低,并且当含水率大于最佳含水率时,干密度下降速率较缓,说明改良后的粉砂土效果较好;(2)改良土抗剪强度随着时间的推移而得到强化,且无论是7 d还是28 d,改良剂为6%水泥+7%石灰+2%粉煤灰配比的强度均大于其他3个配比;(3)改良后粉土的抗压强度随龄期而逐渐增加,7 d的抗压强度为素土的3.5倍左右,28 d抗压强度为素土的6.8~9.6倍;(4)含水率对改良粉砂土动力特性影响较大,当含水率由13.1%增加到18%时,累积塑性应变增大约91.0%,临界动应力与动强度均呈减小趋势,承载能力明显降低.

Experimental study on the effect of porosity on the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice in Bohai Sea

For the abnormal ice condition in 2009-2010 winter, sea ice samples were collected in a tide ditch outside a port in the east coast of Liaodong Bay, and ice specimens were prepared. Experimental study was carried out with a temperature-control precision of 0.1℃, and 117 columnar-grained ice specimens were loaded along the direction parallel to ice surface under different test temperatures （-4, -7, -10, -13, -16℃） and strain rates ranging from 10^-6 to 10^-2 s^-1 within which the ductile region, duetile-brittle transition and brittle region are contained. The uniaxial compressive strengths, density and salinity of the ice specmens were measured. The results support the curved-surface relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength and porosity within a wide range of strain rate. The curved-surface relationship gives a quantitative description about the variations of the mechanical behavior transition point with ice porosity, and supplies a uniform mathematical representation of uniaxial compressive strength under different failure modes. Besides, it is deduced that abnormal ice condition in 2009-2010 winter will not result in a change of the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice in Bohai Sea.