松节藻来源长枝木霉DL5-4化学成分及其生物活性研究

对分离自大连海域松节藻的长枝木霉DL5-4进行大规模发酵培养,运用反相硅胶柱层析、半制备高效液相色谱、制备薄层层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、硅胶柱层析等手段对发酵粗提物进行分离纯化,得到11个单体化合物,并对其进行了结构鉴定和生物活性测试。通过~1HNMR、^(13)CNMR以及对比文献数据等鉴定其分别为cyclonerodiol(Ⅰ)、10(E)-cyclonerotriol(Ⅱ)、10(Z)-cyclonerotriol(Ⅲ)、epicyclonerodiol oxide(Ⅳ)、 cyclonerodiol oxide(Ⅴ)、trichoacorenol(Ⅵ)、 2α-hydroxy-harzianone(Ⅶ)、harzianone(Ⅷ)、 2′,3′-dihydrosorbicillin(Ⅸ)、 sohirnones A (Ⅹ)、sorbicillin (Ⅺ)。其中,化合物Ⅵ～Ⅺ对赤潮异弯藻、东海原甲藻、剧毒卡尔藻和海洋卡盾藻具有显著的抑制作用,化合物Ⅸ～Ⅺ对真菌围小丛壳有显著的抑制作用。

海洋藻栖真菌多样性及其活性研究

以在烟台海岸带采集的海藻为对象,分离内生真菌及附生真菌,通过形态学观察及ITS序列分析对藻栖真菌进行鉴定,并对其抑菌活性、抗微藻活性及海洋动物毒性进行评价。结果表明,从海藻样品中共分离得到124株真菌,包括47株内生真菌和77株附生真菌,其中102株真菌被鉴定到17个属。从124株真菌中挑选62株进行活性测试,有40株真菌对柠檬交替假单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas citrea)表现出抑菌活性,有4株真菌对鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)表现出抑菌活性,且这4株真菌对2种致病菌均表现出抑菌活性;有21株真菌对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)的抑制率大于50%,且有17株真菌的抑制率达到100%;62株真菌均对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)表现出较高的毒性,有13株真菌对丰年虾(Artemia salina)表现出较低的毒性。

海洋沉积物来源草酸青霉T4-6化学成分及其生物活性研究

从采集自渤海沉积物样品中分离得到一株海洋真菌草酸青霉T4-6,对其前期发酵条件进行调控和扩大发酵,所得发酵产物利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析、制备薄层层析、制备高效液相色谱等分离手段得到11个单体化合物,通过~1HNMR、^(13)CNMR等鉴定其分别为secalonic acid D(Ⅰ)、ω-hydroxyemodin(Ⅱ)、isorhodoptilometrin(Ⅲ)、oxalicine B(Ⅳ)、decaturin B(Ⅴ)、decaturin F(Ⅵ)、penipanoid C(Ⅶ)、cyathisterone(Ⅷ)、herbarulide(Ⅸ)、dankasterones A(Ⅹ)、volemolide(Ⅺ)。其中,化合物Ⅵ对赤潮异弯藻和海洋卡盾藻的生长具有较强的抑制作用,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ对海洋卡盾藻的生长具有较好的抑制作用,化合物Ⅰ对枯草杆菌和炭疽杆菌具有良好的抑制作用。

Effect of Benzo[a]pyrene on Detoxification and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes of Marine Microalgae

The objective of this study was to examine the effect ofbenzo[a]pyrene （BaP） on the detoxification and antioxidant systems of two microalgae, Isochrysis zhanjiangensis and Platymonas subcordiformis. In our study, these two algae were exposed to BaP for 4 days at three different concentrations including 0.5 μg L-1 （low）, 3 μg L-1 （mid） and 18 μg L-1 （high）. The activity of detoxi- fication enzymes, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase （EROD） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） increased in P subcordiformis in all BaP-treated groups. In 1. zhanjiangensis, the activity of these two enzymes increased at the beginning of exposure, and then de- creased in the groups treated with mid- and high BaP. The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase （SOD） increased in/. zhanjiangensis in all BaP-treated groups, and then decreased in high BaP-treated group, while no significant change was observed in P subcordiformis. The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase （CAT） increased in I. zhanjiangensis and P subcordiformis in all BaP- treated groups. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in Isochrysis zhanjiangensis increased first, and then decreased in high BaP-treated group, while no change occurred in P. subcordiformis. These results demonstrated that BaP significantly influenced the activity of detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in microalgae. The metabolic related enzymes （EROD, GST and CAT） may serve as sensitive biomarkers of measuring the contamination level of BaP in marine water.

Potency of Nannochloropsis oculata as Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antiviral on Humpback Grouper Infected by Vibrio alginolyticus and Viral Nervous Necrotic

The aim of this study was to explore the potency of N. oculata extracts as antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral on grouper Cromileptes altivelis （C. altivelis） infected by Vibrio alginolyticus （V. alginolyticus） and Viral Nervous Necrotic （VNN）. Dilution test was used to measure antibacterial activity of N. oculata extracts. Antioxidant activity of extracts was expressed by levels of MDA （Malondialdehyde） and SOD （superoxide dismutase） in the brain and kidneys of fish. Antiviral capability of N. oculata was determined by the expression of cellular immune cells Major Histocompatibility Complex （MHC） Class I for proliferation and inhibition of VNN in blood cells with immunocytochemistry. The results showed that N. oculata extract was able to suppress the growth of V. alginolyticus at a concentration of 40%. Increasing levels of SOD and reducing level of MDA indicated that N. oculata extracts may serve as an antibacterial and antioxidant. Providing cellular response of MHC class I cell expressed on C. altive/is blood cells, N. oculata demonstrated its antiviral activity.