芳氧苯氧丙酸类(aryloxyphenoxypropionates,APPs)除草剂是一类广泛使用的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,可高效专一抑制禾本科杂草的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase,ACCase)。目前已出现大量抗芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂的禾本科杂...芳氧苯氧丙酸类(aryloxyphenoxypropionates,APPs)除草剂是一类广泛使用的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,可高效专一抑制禾本科杂草的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase,ACCase)。目前已出现大量抗芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂的禾本科杂草,其抗性大多由叶绿体乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的羧基转移酶(carboxyltransferase,CT)功能域中的氨基酸突变引起。在所有已发现的氨基酸突变中,最引人关注的是第1 781位(对应大穗看麦娘Alopecurus myosuroides质体ACCase的氨基酸残基位置)异亮氨酸到亮氨酸的单点突变,该特定位置形成亮氨酸会导致某些杂草对APPs类除草剂产生抗性。综述了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶CT功能域的研究进展及杂草对APPs类除草剂的抗性分子机理,探讨了杂草对APPs类除草剂抗性分子机理研究中存在的问题,以期为进一步深入研究APPs类除草剂的抗性机制提供参考。展开更多
利用42个优质小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种籽粒发芽指数对6个小麦穗发芽抗性相关基因[Tamyb10、TaDFR(Dihydroflavone reductase)、TaVp-1(Viviparous‑1)、TaSdr(Seed dormancy)、TaPM19-A1(Plasma membrane 19‑A1)、TaMFT(Mother of FT...利用42个优质小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种籽粒发芽指数对6个小麦穗发芽抗性相关基因[Tamyb10、TaDFR(Dihydroflavone reductase)、TaVp-1(Viviparous‑1)、TaSdr(Seed dormancy)、TaPM19-A1(Plasma membrane 19‑A1)、TaMFT(Mother of FT and TFL1)]的分子标记的有效性进行验证,以期为抗穗发芽优质小麦品种的筛选及选育奠定基础。结果表明,小麦穗发芽抗性相关基因Tamyb10、TaDFR、TaVp-1、TaSdr、TaPM19-A1、TaMFT在42个优质小麦品种中均检测到2种等位变异,优异等位基因所占比例存在明显差异,介于4.8%~78.6%,未发现TaVp-1的TaVp-1 Bb基因型。等位基因类型与籽粒发芽指数相关性分析表明,标记myb10D、MFT-3A和MFT-A2与优质小麦穗发芽抗性极显著相关,而标记DFR-B、Vp1B3、Sdr2A、Sdr2B和PM19-A1与优质小麦穗发芽抗性相关性不显著。STS标记myb10D可用于红粒优质小麦的穗发芽抗性筛选,CAPS标记MFT-3A和STS标记MFT-A2可用于白粒优质小麦的穗发芽抗性筛选,TaMFT可能在优质小麦抗穗发芽机制中发挥着重要作用。展开更多
This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various...This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various asphalt-aggregate surfaces was conducted using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The interaction energy and the relative concentration distribution were employed as the parameters to analyze the enhancement mechanisms of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents on the asphalt-aggregate interface.Results indicated that the adhesion at the asphalt-aggregate interface could be strengthened by both anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.Anti-stripping agents primarily improve adhesion through the reinforcement of electrostatic attraction,while coupling agents primarily upgrade adhesion by strengthening the van der Waals.Hence,the molecular dynamics modeling and calculation techniques presented in this study can be utilized to elucidate the development mechanism of the asphalt-aggregate interface through the use of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.展开更多
Rice blast is one of the important diseases in major rice producing areas of China. The main blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b showed broad-spectrum and durable resistance to rice blast in many rice growing areas ...Rice blast is one of the important diseases in major rice producing areas of China. The main blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b showed broad-spectrum and durable resistance to rice blast in many rice growing areas of China, which have been widely utilized in rice breeding and commercial production. In this study, on the basis of detection and verification of the genotypes of 22 rice varieties har- boring known blast resistance genes （Pi-ta and Pi-b） and blast susceptibility genes （pi-ta and pi-b）, two multiple PCR systems for these genes were established by us- ing the functional markers of blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b as well as blast susceptibility genes pi-ta and pi-b, respectively. Specifically, multiple PCR system I could simultaneously detect blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b, while system II could detect simultaneously blast susceptibility genes pi-ta and pi-b. In addition, the genotypes of 336 high generation breeding materials were detected with these two multiple PCR systems. The results were highly consistent with those of conventional single mark detection, indicating that these two multiplex PCR systems were stable, reliable and time-saving. The established multiplex PCR systems may serve as a rapid and efficient method to identify and screen rice germplasm resources and can be applied in marker-assisted selection to polymerize multiple genes for blast resis- tance in rice breeding.展开更多
A brief review on the development of wheat germplasm with introduced powdery mildew and scab resistance from Haynaldia villosa Sch. and Leymus racemosus Lam., Roegneria ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski as well as R. kamoji C. ...A brief review on the development of wheat germplasm with introduced powdery mildew and scab resistance from Haynaldia villosa Sch. and Leymus racemosus Lam., Roegneria ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski as well as R. kamoji C. Koch respectively was made. In the course of germplasm development, genome analysis by means of chromosome banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, particularly restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) coupled with aneuploid analysis was employed for the purpose of improving breeding efficiency. Potential use of such germplasm in wheat breeding practice, basic studies and some related problems were also discussed.展开更多
文摘芳氧苯氧丙酸类(aryloxyphenoxypropionates,APPs)除草剂是一类广泛使用的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶抑制剂,可高效专一抑制禾本科杂草的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase,ACCase)。目前已出现大量抗芳氧苯氧丙酸类除草剂的禾本科杂草,其抗性大多由叶绿体乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的羧基转移酶(carboxyltransferase,CT)功能域中的氨基酸突变引起。在所有已发现的氨基酸突变中,最引人关注的是第1 781位(对应大穗看麦娘Alopecurus myosuroides质体ACCase的氨基酸残基位置)异亮氨酸到亮氨酸的单点突变,该特定位置形成亮氨酸会导致某些杂草对APPs类除草剂产生抗性。综述了乙酰辅酶A羧化酶CT功能域的研究进展及杂草对APPs类除草剂的抗性分子机理,探讨了杂草对APPs类除草剂抗性分子机理研究中存在的问题,以期为进一步深入研究APPs类除草剂的抗性机制提供参考。
文摘利用42个优质小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种籽粒发芽指数对6个小麦穗发芽抗性相关基因[Tamyb10、TaDFR(Dihydroflavone reductase)、TaVp-1(Viviparous‑1)、TaSdr(Seed dormancy)、TaPM19-A1(Plasma membrane 19‑A1)、TaMFT(Mother of FT and TFL1)]的分子标记的有效性进行验证,以期为抗穗发芽优质小麦品种的筛选及选育奠定基础。结果表明,小麦穗发芽抗性相关基因Tamyb10、TaDFR、TaVp-1、TaSdr、TaPM19-A1、TaMFT在42个优质小麦品种中均检测到2种等位变异,优异等位基因所占比例存在明显差异,介于4.8%~78.6%,未发现TaVp-1的TaVp-1 Bb基因型。等位基因类型与籽粒发芽指数相关性分析表明,标记myb10D、MFT-3A和MFT-A2与优质小麦穗发芽抗性极显著相关,而标记DFR-B、Vp1B3、Sdr2A、Sdr2B和PM19-A1与优质小麦穗发芽抗性相关性不显著。STS标记myb10D可用于红粒优质小麦的穗发芽抗性筛选,CAPS标记MFT-3A和STS标记MFT-A2可用于白粒优质小麦的穗发芽抗性筛选,TaMFT可能在优质小麦抗穗发芽机制中发挥着重要作用。
文摘This study examined the mechanisms for improving the adhesion performance of the asphalt-aggregate interface with two anti-stripping agents and two coupling agents.The investigation of contact behavior between various asphalt-aggregate surfaces was conducted using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The interaction energy and the relative concentration distribution were employed as the parameters to analyze the enhancement mechanisms of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents on the asphalt-aggregate interface.Results indicated that the adhesion at the asphalt-aggregate interface could be strengthened by both anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.Anti-stripping agents primarily improve adhesion through the reinforcement of electrostatic attraction,while coupling agents primarily upgrade adhesion by strengthening the van der Waals.Hence,the molecular dynamics modeling and calculation techniques presented in this study can be utilized to elucidate the development mechanism of the asphalt-aggregate interface through the use of anti-stripping agents and coupling agents.
基金Supported by Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province[CX(12)1003]Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2013301)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agriculture Industry System of China(CARS-01-47)~~
文摘Rice blast is one of the important diseases in major rice producing areas of China. The main blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b showed broad-spectrum and durable resistance to rice blast in many rice growing areas of China, which have been widely utilized in rice breeding and commercial production. In this study, on the basis of detection and verification of the genotypes of 22 rice varieties har- boring known blast resistance genes （Pi-ta and Pi-b） and blast susceptibility genes （pi-ta and pi-b）, two multiple PCR systems for these genes were established by us- ing the functional markers of blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b as well as blast susceptibility genes pi-ta and pi-b, respectively. Specifically, multiple PCR system I could simultaneously detect blast resistance genes Pi-ta and Pi-b, while system II could detect simultaneously blast susceptibility genes pi-ta and pi-b. In addition, the genotypes of 336 high generation breeding materials were detected with these two multiple PCR systems. The results were highly consistent with those of conventional single mark detection, indicating that these two multiplex PCR systems were stable, reliable and time-saving. The established multiplex PCR systems may serve as a rapid and efficient method to identify and screen rice germplasm resources and can be applied in marker-assisted selection to polymerize multiple genes for blast resis- tance in rice breeding.
文摘A brief review on the development of wheat germplasm with introduced powdery mildew and scab resistance from Haynaldia villosa Sch. and Leymus racemosus Lam., Roegneria ciliaris (Trin.) Nevski as well as R. kamoji C. Koch respectively was made. In the course of germplasm development, genome analysis by means of chromosome banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), molecular markers, particularly restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) coupled with aneuploid analysis was employed for the purpose of improving breeding efficiency. Potential use of such germplasm in wheat breeding practice, basic studies and some related problems were also discussed.
