迷迭香抗氧化提取物的应用研究

本文以迷迭香为原料采用有机溶剂萃取法提取其中的抗氧化成分Rao,用碘量法检测了Rao对油脂(猪油、豆油)的抗氧化作用,结果表明,Rao具有较强的抗油脂氧化性能。另外,用滤纸片法和平板培养法研究了Rao的抑菌作用,结果证明,Rao对常见致病菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、金色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌)有较强的抑(杀)作用,对霉菌也有一定的抑制作用。

南、北芡实提取物的抗氧化活性比较及其GC-MS分析

用80%乙醇、95%甲醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚等溶剂分别提取南、北芡实中抗氧化活性物质,比较了不同提取物对体外清除DPPH.、羟自由基(.OH)及超氧自由基(O2.-)的效果,并利用GC-MS对南、北芡实抗氧化提取物中主要成分进行了分析。试验结果表明:不同溶剂的芡实提取物都具有抗氧化作用,但能力存在差异。南芡95%甲醇提取物清除DPPH.能力最佳,而北芡正丁醇提取物清除能力最佳。二者80%乙醇和95%甲醇提取物均具有较好的清除DPPH.、羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)能力。GC-MS分析结果表明,南、北芡实抗氧化提取物的主要成分和含量不同,但均含有甾醇类和生育酚类化合物;另外还有多种含不饱和键的酰胺类、酯类等物质。南芡95%甲醇、80%乙醇和石油醚提取物中生育酚类化合物和绝大部分甾醇含量高于北芡;北芡正丁醇和乙酸乙酯提取物中生育酚含量高于南芡。

桦褐孔菌抗氧化提取物体内抗氧化作用研究

研究桦褐孔菌抗氧化提取物(AEIO)的体内抗氧化作用,为桦褐孔菌资源及保健品的开发提供理论基础。将50只Balb/c种小鼠随机分为5组:正常组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。通过后颈背部皮下注射D-gal建立亚急性衰老模型,以灌胃方式注入AEIO,连续处理6周后检测各组小鼠血清、肝、脑组织中MDA含量、SOD、GSH-Px酶活性及TAOC。结果表明:AEIO可显著提高血清、肝及脑组织中的SOD、GSH-Px酶活性及TAOC值(P<0.05),显著降低血清、肝及脑组织中的MDA含量(P<0.05)。TAOC/MDA比值显示各剂量组均显著高于模型组。

金樱子乙醇提取物抗氧化和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究

目的对金樱子乙醇提取物进行抗氧化和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究。方法用β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸漂白法,DPPH和NO自由基清除实验来衡量金樱子乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性;用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制实验来测定金樱子乙醇提取物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。结果金樱子乙醇提取物随着浓度增加抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性逐渐增大,但弱于阳性对照品。结论金樱子乙醇提取物具有较好的抗氧化和一定的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,并且有助于将来进一步开发利用金樱子。

基于质量源于设计理念和信息熵赋值法优化枸杞子抗氧化功能性提取物的工艺

目的:基于质量源于设计(QbD)理念和信息熵理论对枸杞子抗氧化功能性提取物(AOE)的制备工艺进行优化。方法:以提取物体外清除2,2′-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基、羟自由基(OH·)能力和铁离子还原能力(FRAP)值为指标,在信息熵理论指导下,计算各指标的信息熵和权重系数,确定AOE体外抗氧化能力(M),结合总固形物质量,作为关键质量属性(CQAs),析因分析初步筛选关键工艺参数(CPPs),通过Box-Behnken设计建立CQAs和CPPs之间的数学模型,建立并优化设计空间。结果:方差分析结果表明,通过响应面法建立的提取工艺模型差异有统计学意义(P<0.000 1),AOE的优化提取工艺为料液比1∶8,在70~90℃下提取2~3次,每次提取2 h。将枸杞子投料量放大10倍,以优化工艺参数提取,提取物的抗氧化活性和总固形物得率稳定(RSD<5%)。结论:基于QbD理念建立AOE提取工艺的设计空间,并制定了提取工艺的控制策略,可为开发以生物活性为导向的枸杞子提取物工艺优化和控制方法提供参考。

Study on Anti-oxidation and Inhibitory Effect on Nonenzymatic Glycation Reaction of Fermentation Extract from Biotransformation of Ginkgo biloba L. (EGB) by Hericium erinaceus

[ Objective] In order to study the anti-oxidation and inhibitory effect on nonenzymatic glycation reaction of EGB fermentation extraction biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus. [ Method ] The free radical scavenging ability and reducing capacity of DPPH as well as inhibitory rate of nonenzymatic glycation reaction were measured targets for comparing changes of anti-oxidation and inhibitory effect on nonenzymatic glycation reaction of fermentation lyophilizer and fermentation extraction before and after EGB fermention adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin. The EGB fermention was biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus. [ Result ] After adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin, the bioactive matters were concentrated and separated. The free radical scavenging rate, reducing capacity and inhibitory rate of nonenzymatic glycation reaction were increased significantly after adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin. [ Conclusion] AB-8 macroporous resin could be used for preliminary concentration of EGB fermentation which was biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus.

Effect of Lonicerae Flos extracts on reflux esophagitis with antioxidant activity

AIM： To observe the effects of traditional antiinflammatory medicine Lonicerae FIos （LF） on rat reflux esophagitis （RE） induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation compared with the well-known proton antioxidant, α-tocopherol. METHODS： Rats were pretreated with three different dosages of LF （500, 250 and 125 mg/kg） orally, once a day for 14 d before pylorus and forestomach ligation. Nine hours after pylorus and forestomach ligation, changes to the stomach and esophagus lesion areas, gastric volumes, acid and pepsin outputs, antioxidant effects, esophageal lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, myeloperoxidase and glutathione （GSH） levels, and collagen contents （marker of flexibility） were observed on the esophageal and fundic histopathology. The results were compared with an α-tocopherol （once orally, 1 h before operation, 30 mg/kg） treated group in which the effects on RE were already confirmed.RESULTS： Pylorus and forestomach ligations caused marked increases of gross esophageal and gastric mucosa lesion areas, which corresponded with histopathological changes. In addition, increases of esophageal lipid peroxidation, decreases of SOD, CAT, and GSH-free radical scavengers, increases of collagen were observed. However, these pylorus and forestomach ligation induced RE were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg of LF extract, mediated by antioxidant effects. RE at 250 mg/kg showed similar effects α-tocopherol. CONCLUSION： The results suggest that antioxidant effects of LF could attenuate the severity of RE and prevent the esophageal mucosal damage, and validate its therapeutic use in esophageal reflux disease.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) Extracts Obtained by Classical and Ultrasound Extraction

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinacea purpurea L. (Asteraceae) extracts obtained by classical and ultrasound solvent extraction were compared. The dry aerial part of plant was extracted by 70% etha-nol at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1︰10 (m/v) and 25°C. The extract obtained by classical solvent extraction contained 29% larger amounts of phenolic compounds and 20% higher content of flavonoids. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picril hydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging reached 93.6% and the values of EC50 were (34.16±0.65) μg·ml-1 and (65.48±1.12) μg·ml-1 for the extracts obtained by the classical and ultrasound extractions, respectively. The extracts, independent of the extraction technique applied, showed a considerable growth inhibition on Candida albicans and Saccharo-myces cerevisiae, while no growth inhibition zones were observed for Aspergillus niger. The diameters of inhibition zone observed for all the microorganisms were larger for extracts obtained by classical extraction than those by ul-trasound extraction.

Chemical constituents and antioxidant activities of waste liquid extract from Apostichopus japonicus Selenka processing

Apostichopus japonicus Selenka is an ideal tonic food that is used traditionally in many Asian countries, and it contains many bioactive substances, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer materials. To convert waste liquid generated during production into a useful resource, extract from waste liquid was isolated by column chromatography and studied by the pyrogallol autoxidation and 1,10-phenanthroline-Fe^2＋ oxidation methods. Results show that the extract scavenged about 91% of the superoxide anion radical at a concentration of 1.4 mg/mL and 24% of the hydroxyl radical at 3.3 mg/mL. Four compounds were isolated and identified from the extract： 2,4-dihydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-azine; 2,4-dihydroxy- 1,3-diazine; 3-O-β-D-quinovopranosyl-（1→2）-4-O-sodium sulfate-β-D-xylopranosyl]-holosta-9（11）-ene313,12β,17α-triol; and 24-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7-ene-3β-O-β-D-xylopyranoside. All of these compounds are known in A. japonicus, and were found in the waste liquid for the first time.

Comparison of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of the Artemisia sp.Recovered by Different Extraction Techniques

The polyphenol content,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained by classical, ultrasonic and Soxhlet extractions from dry aerial parts of two Artemisia species(Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia campestris)were compared.Ultrasound positively affected the yield of extractive substance and the kinetics of extraction,but the extract obtained by the classical extraction showed the highest antioxidant activities and contained higher total contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids than the extracts obtained by two other extraction techniques.Both flavonoid aglycones(apigenin,quercetin,quercetin 3,3′-dimethyl ether)and flavonoid glycosides(rutin,hyperoside and kaempferol 3-rhamnoside)were identified by thin layer chromatograph(TLC)analysis in the extracts from both species.A.campestris extracts were richer in quercetin than A.vulgaris and its antimicrobial activity was also better than A.vulgaris.Extracts obtained from both species were found to be more effective on the tested yeasts than bacteria.The kinetics of the total extractive substances,such as phenolic,flavonoids and quercetin extraction,was successfully described by the model of unsteady-state diffusion.

Determination of contents of eight alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. from different habitats and antioxidant activities of extracts

A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.

Antioxidant Activity of Isothiocyanate Extracts from Broccoli

Isothiocyanates(ITCs) extracts were prepared from fresh broccoli.Their antioxidant properties were evaluated by using the in vitro bioassays,including superoxide anion radical( 2 O·-) ,hydroxyl radical(HO·-) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl(DPPH·) radical-scavenging methods,lipid peroxidation assay,and reducing power assay.The ITCs extracts exhibited significant dose-dependent antioxidant activities(P<0.01) .Its antioxidant-stability was affected by temperature and storage condition,although it was more stable than vitamin C(Vc) .GC-MS iden-tified sulforaphane in the ITCs extracts.The antioxidant activity of sulforaphane was approximately one tenth to one fifth of that of Vc.Sulforaphane was experimented to be one of dominating contributors to antioxidant capacity of ITCs extracts.However,there was no direct antioxidant activity found for benzyl isothiocyanate(BITC) in vitro. Therefore,it could be concluded that the general group(-N=C=S) was not the essential part for the antioxidant activity of sulforaphane.It is suggested that the ITCs extracts from broccoli can be developed into a promising food additive for healthy food.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extract from Mentha Iongifolia L. Hudson from North of Iran

This study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. hudson. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） assay and β-carotene/linoleic acid assay. The essential oil and methanol extract were individually tested [disc-diffusion assay and evaluating minimum inhibition concentration （MIC）] against a number of bacteria. The essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria tested whereas the methanol extract almost remained inactive. In contrast, the extract showed much better activity than the essential oil in antioxidant activity assays employed, e.g. in the inhibition of free radical DPPH and β-carotene/linolcic acid systems. In the former, the extract was able to reduce the stable free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 55.3μg/mL while that of the oils were 10,630μg/mL. When compared to BHT （butylated hydroxytoluene）, a synthetic antioxidant, both showed weaker antioxidative potential. Similarly, in β-carotene/linoleic acid assay, these samples were not effectively able to inhibit the linoleic acid oxidation; exhibiting only 24% and 36% inhibitions at 2 mg/mL, respectively; both were far below than that of BHT. Total phenolic constituent of the extract was approximately 4.5 g/100 g as gallic acid equivalent. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS） analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 45 constituents, ei^-piperitone epoxide, pulegone and piperitenone oxide being the main components. The results indicate that essential oil and extract ofM. longifolia L. hudson may be used as natural preservative in food against the agents of foodborne diseases and food spoilage.

Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Pomegranate Seed

In this study, the ethanol extract of pomegranate seed was prepared and its antioxidant activities were investigated. It was found the total phenolic content in the extract was as high as 41.791 mg GAE/g. And the extract showed high antioxidant activity measured as scavenging of DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals. It also exhibited strong antioxidant activity in reducing power and Rancimat test. These results demonstrated Pomegranate seeds could serve as a new source of natural antioxidant.

Antioxidative Effect of Fermented Soybeans Extract in Beef Patties with and without n-3 Fatty Acids

The objectives of the study were： a） to determine the optimal concentration of the extract that should be incorporated in meat products to maintain the lipid oxidative stability, and b） to verify if the extract exerted antioxidant activity even when these products were enriched with soybean oil （with fatty acids omega 3）. To carry out these aims, in the first instance the additive was incorporated into meat patties （elaborated with 80% beef and 20% fat plus 2% salt over total mass） at 0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 g/kg, respectively. The lipid oxidation was evaluated by measurement of peroxide value during 15 days at 8 ℃ and the results were expressed as reduction percentage of peroxidation （RP）. RP obtained were 55, 49, 73 and 59 respectively. As 5 g/kg was the optimum concentration of antioxidant, this was chosen to add to meat products enriched with soybean oil. In this case the RP obtained was 78%, indicating that the extract decreased lipid oxidation effectively.

Oleuropein from Olive Leaf Extract as Natural Antioxidant of Frozen Hamburger

Oxidation is one of the major causes of hamburger deterioration. Antioxidants are used to minimize oxidation process. There is a growing interest in the substitution of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones from vegetable sources. In meat industry, sodium erythorbate is antioxidant that is usually used and is an example of chemical antioxidant. Effect of olive leaf extract rich in olenropein on the quality of frozen hamburger was investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usage of oleuropein from olive leaf extract as natural antioxidant in frozen hamburger stored at -12 ℃ compared with sodium erythorbate. Results suggested that olive leaf extracts might be useful to the meat industry as an efficient alternative to synthetic antioxidants by retarding oxidation of hamburger compared with sodium erythorbate 0.5% of olenropein and 0.5% of sodium erythorbate are the best concentrations to be used in frozen hamburger.

Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Lagenaria Siceraria Fruit Extract

Lagenaria siceraria （Molina） Standl., known as bottle gourd is widely available throughout Vietnam as an edible vegetable. Bottle gourd is a commonly fruit but there are little reports about its biological activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant activity and anti-hyperglycemic potential of ethanolic extract of bottle gourd. The ethanolic extract was tested for its antioxidant activity on chelating power, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay （FRAP） and the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （DPPH） free radical scavenging assay. The results showed that chelating activity was 80.02%, FRAP value was 92.84 μmol Fe^2＋/g and active radical scavenging which showed an IC50 was 49.50 μg/ml. The five different doses of ethanolic extract were treated by oral tolerance to mice body before oral glucose tolerance and blood glucose level was measured using glucose oxidase method. The result indicated that inhibition percentage of ethanolic extract of bottle gourd at the dose of 400 mg/kg in glucose-induced hyperglycemic mice was effectively similar to standard drug glibenclamide. The results obtained indicate that ethanolic extract from bottle gourd is the potential antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic agent.

Analysis on the Oxidation Resistance of Jujube Saponin

In this paper, saponins were extracted from Northern Shaanxi＇ s big jujubes using organic solvent method and also the oxidation resistance of the extractives was analyzed. In the experiment, the crude extractives of the saponins from jujubes were obtained using ethyl alcohol soaking method and Soxhlet extraction method and also qualitatively tested using 3 color reactions, and the test result was positive; the oxidation resistance of jujube saponins was analyzed through DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging experiment and reducibility measurement, and the results showed that the capability of jujube saponins in DPPH free radical scavenging was enhanced along with the improvement of the to- be-test material concentration, so saponins played a significant role on hydroxyl radical scavenging and possessed certain reducibility. Northern Shaanxi＇ s big jujubes are rich in saponins and possess excellent antioxidant ability that will be enhanced along with the increase of saponins content. Thus, a basis is provided for the effective extension of the jujube industry chain.

Anti-inflammatory Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous Extracts from Stem Bark of Geoffroea decorticans

In the present work we investigated, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory activity and the antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, obtained from stem bark of Geoffroea decorticans （Gill. ex Hook. et Am.） Burk. （Fabaceae）. G. decorticans, commonly known as ＂chafiar＂ or ＂chafiarcillo＂, is a traditional argentinean plant used as emollient, balsamic, antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory. The stem bark was collected from San Francisco del Monte de Oro, San Luis, Argentina. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Antioxidant activity was tested using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity （DPPH）, 2,2＂-Azino-bis（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid） radical scavenging activity （ABTS） and ferric ion-reducing power （RP-Fe） assays. Aqueous extract 10% p/v showed anti-inflammatory activity （3h, 48% inhibition, 5h 37% inhibition and 7h 17% inhibition） and antioxidant activity （DPPH, ICs0 （mg/mL） = 0.098 =1： 0.032; ABTS, ICs0 （mg/mL） = 0.022 ~ 0.343, RP-Fe IC50 （mg/mL） = 1.124 ~ 0.146）. In the other hand, the ethanolic extract 5% p/v, presented anti-inflammatory activity （3h, 34% inhibition, 5h 38% inhibition and 7h 35% inhibition） and antioxidant activity （DPPH, IC50 （mg/mL） = 0.133 q- 0.027; ABTS, IC50 （mg/mL） = 0.086 ＋ 0.262, RP-Fe IC50 （mg/mL） = 7.089 ± 0.104）. These results suggest that, also fruits, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the stem bark of G. decorticans present significant anti-inflammatory activity and antioxidant properties.

A Lyophilized Water Extract of Melissa officinalis L. as an Effective Natural Antioxidant during the Storage of Dry Fermented Sausages High in a-Linolenic Acid and DHA

A pre-emulsified mixture of linseed and algae oils （15/10） and stabilized with 686 ppm of a lyophilized water extract of Melissa officinalis, was successfully applied in dry fermented sausages to increase the ω-3 PUFA content. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stability of this modified formulation during the storage and to compare it to that of a traditional formulation. Traditional and modified products were stored during 90 days at 4 °C in aerobic conditions. Fatty acid profiles, TBARS and volatile compounds derived from oxidation were analyzed at 0, 30 and 90 days of storage. The fatty acid profiles did not significantly change along the storage period. The stabilizing effect of the natural antioxidants ofM. officinalis could contribute to detect no losses of to-3 PUFA in Modified （30 days： 2.13 g/100 g of product, 90 days： 2.33 g/100 g of product）, whereas in Control products a slightly significant reduction was detected （30 days： 0.34 g/100 g of product, 90 days： 0.29 g/! 00 g of product）. After 90 days, the increases of TBARS and hexanal content were much higher in Control than in Modified （Control： 1.41 mg MDA/kg ＆ 17,915 ng dodecane/kg of dry matter; Modified： 0.48 mg MDA/kg ＆ 2,496 ng dodecane/kg of dry matter）. In conclusion, the lyophilized water extract of M. officinalis protected high ωo-3 PUFA of dry fermented sausages from oxidation along the storage time, guaranteeing the nutritional improvements achieved with the modified formulation.