延龄草、何首乌对氟哌啶醇致痴呆大鼠抗氧化酶表达作用的研究

目的:观察和探讨延龄草、何首乌对氟哌啶醇致痴呆大鼠抗氧化酶表达作用的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为对照组、模型组、实验1组和实验2组。除对照组外,其余大鼠均用氟哌啶醇建立痴呆症(Alzheimer Disease,AD)动物模型,实验组还分别腹腔注射延龄草注射液、何首乌注射液。测定各组大鼠血、肝、肾、海马、脑皮质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的含量。结果:与对照组比较,延龄草注射液、何首乌注射液均能使模型大鼠多种组织SOD、GSH-PX显著升高,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论:延龄草和何首乌都能增强抗氧化酶表达作用,但对多数组织SOD、GSH-PX表达值的影响,延龄草明显强于何首乌。

热激处理对棉花耐逆性的影响

从不同生育期热激处理对棉花抗氧化酶活性和细胞膜伤害的影响及萌动期热激处理对棉花自然高温期的抗氧化酶活性和细胞膜伤害的影响这两个方面研究热激处理与棉花耐逆性的关系。结果表明:热激处理后棉花体内的SOD、POD、CAT的酶活性都增高,在自然高温期MDA的含量下降,蕾铃脱落率下降,热激处理能在一定程度上诱导棉花耐逆性的获得。

Enzyme responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and hepatopancreas of clam Mactra vereformis, following cadmium exposure

To assess the toxicity of heavy metal pollution to marine intertidal shellfish, enzymatic responses and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the clam Mactra vereformis exposed to cadmium under laboratory conditions. Three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx), two immune defense enzymes (acid phosphatase, ACP; alkaline phosphatase, ALP), and one lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the clam exposed to 0, 25, 75, and 125 μg/L cadmium for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d. The results show that the concentrations of antioxidant enzymes in the organs soared to a peak value on the first day and then decreased afterwards in most cases. CAT and GPx activities in the hepatopancreas were higher than in the gills, but the SOD activity was lower in the hepatopancreas. ACP activity was unchanged until Day 3 in the hepatopancreas and until Day 5 in gills, when it began to increase. ALP activity showed no significant relationship with Cd treatment. MDA concentrations increased in the two tissues after Cd exposure, peaked on Day 3 in gills, and on Day 5 in hepatopancreas. These observations show that changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ACP reflect the time course of oxidative stress in the clam caused by Cd, and could be used as potential biomarkers for ecotoxicological bioassays of heavy metals.

Effects of UV-B irradiation on isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and their activities in red alga Grateloupia filicina(Rhodophyta)

Macroalgae in a littoral zone are inevitably exposed to UV-B irradiance. We analyzed the effects of UV-B on isoenzyme patterns and activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POX）, catalase （CAT）, and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） of red algae Grateloupia filicina （Lamour.） C. Agardh. The activities of SOD, CAT, and APX changed in response to UV-B in a time- and dose-dependent manner. POX activity increased significantly under all three UV-B treatments. The enzymatic assay showed three distinct bands of SODI （Mn-SOD）, SODII （Fe-SOD）, and SODIII （CuZn-SOD） under a low （Luv） and medium （Muv） dose of UV-B irradiation, while SODI and SODIII activities decreased significantly when exposed to a high dose of UV-B irradiation （Huv）. The activity of POX isoenzymes increased significantly after exposure to UV-B, which is consistent with the total activity. In addition, a clear decrease in activity of CATIV was detected in response to all the three doses of UV treatments. Some bands ofAPX isoenzyme were also clearly influenced by UV-B irradiation. Correspondingly, the daily growth rate declined under all the three exposure doses, and was especially significant under Muv and Huv treatments. These data suggest that, although the protection mechanisms of antioxidant defense system are partly inducible by UV-B to prevent the damage, G.filicina has incomplete tolerance to higher UV-B irradiation stress.

Research on Fuzi based on animal thermotropism behavior to discover if it has fewer "hot" characteristics without Ganjiang

OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Praeparata) has fewer "hot" characteristics when administered without Ganjiang(Rhizoma Zingiberis).METHODS:Differences in the thermotropism behaviors of mice treated either with Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Praeparata),Ganjiang(Rhizoma Zingiberis) or the combination of the two given intragastrically were investigated using the Animal Thermotropism Behavior Surveillance System.The water intake volume,oxygen consumption volume,adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) activity,total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activity were determined during the investigation.RESULTS:When Fuzi and Ganjiang were administered together,the rate at which mice remained on a warm plate("remaining rate") and the times and distances of their movement were all significantly reduced(P<0.05).Compared with the Normal group,the reduction was 55.1%,48.3% and 44.8%,while compared with the Fuzi group,the reduction was 57.6%,34.3% and 36.0%,indicating that "cold" tropism was significantly increased.Compared with the Normal and Fuzi groups,the ATPase activity and the respiratory oxygen consumption volume of the Fuzi + Ganjiang group were significantly increased(P<0.05),suggesting an improvement in energy metabolism and showing a "hot" characteristic when Fuzi and Ganjiang are present together.Additionally,the T-AOC and T-SOD activity were significantly enhanced(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The behavior of mice tending toward "cold" tropism can be regarded as a quantitative reflection of Fuzi having fewer characteristics consistent w ith a "hot" nature when not used with Ganjiang,the functional mechanism of which may be a change in the ATPase activity in liver tissue.