大鼠肝细胞抗氧酶活对脂质过氧化物含量变化影响的模糊综合评判

为探讨抗氧酶对细胞脂质过氧化物形成的影响 ,测定了 3月龄和 2 0月龄大鼠肝中抗酶 (Cat、T-SOD、Cu-SOD、Mn-SOD)的活性以及脂质过氧化物 (L po)的含量 ,用模糊综合评判的方法进行分析。结果显示 ,脂质过氧化物的升高是微效多因素的结果 ,除了与活性氧清除系统中抗氧酶活性无显著性的降低有关外 ,还与其它目前未知的因素有关。

盐胁迫下不同花生品种的类黄酮含量和抗氧化酶活性

花青素等黄酮类物质,既是人体所需的营养保健成分,也是介导植物适应逆境胁迫的重要代谢物。以3个不同种皮颜色的花生品种为研究对象,在苗期以150 mmol/L的NaCl进行盐胁迫处理,测定植株性状、类黄酮含量和抗氧化酶活性,分析不同品种的抗氧化能力和耐盐性。结果表明,盐胁迫抑制了株高、叶面积和生物量,3个品种的耐盐系数从高到低依次为济花黑1号、济花红1号、远杂9102。与远杂9102相比,济花红1号和济花黑1号MDA含量相对较低。盐胁迫显著提高了济花红1号和济花黑1号根系的SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性。济花红1号和济花黑1号根系类黄酮含量和在盐胁迫下的相对值大于远杂9102。相关分析表明,相对类黄酮含量和MDA含量与耐盐系数显著相关,类黄酮与SOD活性、MDA含量、株高和叶面积相对值极显著相关。盐胁迫引起济花红1号和济花黑1号类黄酮大量积累,激活了抗氧化保护能力,可有效降低MDA的积累,减轻氧化损伤,缓解盐胁迫对植株生长的抑制作用。研究结果为筛选和推广耐盐碱的彩色花生提供了依据。

高寒山区植物根抗氧化酶系统的季节变化与抗冷冻关系

在高寒山区 (海拔 2 90 0 m)选取 4种多年生草本植物 ,即无芒雀麦 ( Bromusinermis)、草地早熟禾 ( Poa sphyondylodes)、花雀麦 ( Bromussinensis)和垂穗披碱草 ( Elymusnutans) ,测定了秋末、冬初、冬季、春季气温变化过程中其根中丙二醛( MDA)含量和抗氧酶活力 (过氧化氢酶 ( CAT)、过氧化物酶 ( POD)、超氧物歧化酶 ( SOD) )和抗坏血酸氧化酶 ( APX)变化 ,分析了抗氧酶系统在根抗冷适应中的作用。结果表明 ,随秋末降温植物根中 MDA含量增加 ,尔后下降 ,在冬季和翌年春季保持相对稳定。从 9月初到 1 0月下旬 ,4种植物根中 SOD、CAT、POD活力平均增加 1 70 %、1 3 0 %和 56% ,在冬季下降 ,但仍远高于 9月 ,在春季气温上升过程中酶活力上升。根能在组织结冰状况下生存与其具备完善的保护酶系统 ,能及时清除氧自由基抑制膜脂过氧化维持膜完整性有关。据降温过程中 MDA含量和抗氧酶活力变化 ,可将根冷适应分为两个阶段 ,即第 1阶段平均气温在 0℃以上 ,抗氧酶活力增强 ,MDA增加阶段 ,第 2阶段平均气温降至 0℃以下 ,最低气温降到 -1 5℃以下 ,抗氧酶活力下降 ,MDA无明显变化阶段。

陆地棉与海岛棉抗氧保护酶差异的比较

选用7份陆地棉、4份海岛棉为试材,比较了陆地棉和海岛棉不同发育阶段的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化差异性。结果表明,海岛棉和陆地棉的SOD有不同的变化规律;评价SOD关键时期是花铃期以后。陆地棉的CAT活性不同材料有不同规律,评价关键期和材料直接相关;4份海岛棉材料的CAT有一致的变化规律,均在7月20日出现高峰,建议评价关键期为始花期;海岛棉和陆地棉的POD活性表现略有差异,评价陆地棉和海岛棉关键期为吐絮期。通过对抗氧保护酶活性的研究从而为海岛棉改良陆地棉提供参考。

海岛棉抗氧保护酶活性的变化规律

选用生产上推广的4份海岛棉为材料,研究了不同生育期的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化规律。结果表明,供试的5种酶各有自身的变化规律,也各有其评价的关键时期。

职业紧张对ICU男护士血清抗氧化物酶的影响

[目的]探讨职业紧张对ICU男护士血清抗氧化酶的影响。[方法]采用整群抽样法抽取某省16所三级甲等综合医院的126名ICU男护士,采用职业紧张量表调查男护士的职业紧张感,并监测其血清抗氧化物酶的水平,分析职业紧张对其产生的影响。[结果]ICU男护士职业紧张量表中的职业任务(ORQ)与个体紧张反应(PSQ)评分均高于国内常模(P<0.05);个人应对资源(PRQ)评分低于国内常模(P<0.05)。不同得分水平组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]通过对ICU男护士职业紧张感进行调查,并研究其对血清抗氧化酶的影响,提示医院管理者应关注男护士这一特殊的群体,并采取有针对性的干预措施,从而提高护理质量,以顺应优质护理服务的开展。

缺氧大鼠肺组织氧化／抗氧化平衡的变化及其与TXA_2／PGI_2平衡的关系

检测缺氧大鼠肺组织丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）含量以及血浆ＴＸＡ＿２和ＰＧＩ＿２浓度，以探讨氧自由基（ＯＦＲ）及ＴＸＡ＿－ＰＧＩ＿２在缺氧性肺动脉高压中的作用。结果表明：与对照组比较缺氧大鼠肺组织ＭＤＡ明显升高、ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ明显降低，ＶｉｔＥ可逆转ＭＤＡ和ＳＯＤ的变化；缺氧大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ＿２高于对照组，其浓度与肺组织ＭＤＡ含量呈正相关（ｒ＝０．６５．Ｐ＜０．０５）。以上结果提示，ＯＦＲ与ＴＸＡ＿２／ＰＲＩ＿２平衡失调相互作用，可能共同参与缺氧性肺动脉高压的发生。

抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸对大鼠急性胰腺炎的治疗作用

目的:探讨抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸(α-lipoic acid,ALA)对大鼠急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)的治疗作用以及抗氧化机制.方法:3.5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射制备AP大鼠模型,随机分为4组:(1)假手术组(SO组);(2)AP组(AP组);(3)AP+生理盐水组(AP+NS组);(4)AP+α-硫辛酸治疗组(AP+ALA组),于造模后腹腔内注射α-硫辛酸(1 mg/kg).各组以不同时间点1、3、6、9、12 h分别检测血清淀粉酶水平、观察胰腺病理学改变,测定胰腺组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)水平及环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)的表达情况.结果:与SO组比较,在AP组、AP+NS组血清淀粉酶明显升高、随着不同时间点的延长,病理学可见胰腺水肿、黏连、坏死,腹腔内可见血性腹水,胰腺组织SOD降低,而MDA含量升高,血清TNF-α、ICAM-1水平均显著升高,COX-2在胰腺腺泡细胞、导管细胞、胰岛细胞有较强的表达.AP+ALA组与AP组相比,血清淀粉酶降低,胰腺组织学改善,SOD升高,而MDA含量降低,血清TNF-α、ICAM-1水平明显降低,COX-2的表达减弱.结论:氧化应激在AP的发病中起着重要的作用,抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸对AP大鼠具有较好的治疗作用,其作用可能与抑制TNF-α、ICAM-1活性以及抑制COX-2表达有关.

不同贮藏年限敖汉苜蓿种子活力及生理特性的研究

种子在贮藏过程中随着贮藏时间的延长出现老化现象,使种子活力下降、生理特性发生变化,从而降低种用价值。为探讨不同贮藏年限紫花苜蓿种子的活力变化,选择室温贮藏0~3年的敖汉苜蓿种子,比较分析种子劣变规律及生理特性的差异。结果表明:收获当年的敖汉苜蓿种子具有较高的硬实率,其抗逆性强,SOD、POD、CAT、MDA和脯氨酸含量最高,而发芽势和可溶性蛋白含量最低。贮藏起初2年,种子硬实率、不正常种苗数、死种子数、SOD、POD、CAT、MDA和脯氨酸含量降低,发芽率、发芽势和可溶性蛋白含量增加。随着贮藏时间的延长,种子可溶性蛋白含量降低,SOD、POD、CAT、脯氨酸和MDA积累量增加,种子质量下降,不正常种苗数和死种子数增多,种子活力下降。综合试验结果,贮藏2年有利于打破种子休眠,其种子质量最佳,种子发芽能力最强,但是种子抗逆性不高;贮藏1年存在轻度休眠,应进行打破硬实处理;贮藏3年的种子活力下降,其种用价值降低,不利于在人工草地建植中使用,生产中应贮藏2年后再播种效果较好。研究结果能较好地说明苜蓿种子在贮藏期间的活力变化,为我国人工草地建设中合理使用苜蓿种子提供理论依据。

3—硝基丙酸的行为学效应和生化作用机制研究(之二——生物化学测定部分)

测定了3—硝基丙酸(βNPA)的生化毒性,发现βNPA能引起动物体内、外脂质过氧化反应,并且改变抗氧酶GSH—Px、SOD活性,从而损伤细胞膜的结构和功能,这可能是βNPA致动物行为改变的生化基础。βNPA不影响脑RNA和蛋白质合成,也不影响脑的能量代谢。

Distribution of Calcium in Bagged Apple Fruit and Relationship between Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Bitter Pit

[Objective]The aim was to study the distribution of Ca in bagged apple fruit and the relationship between antioxidant enzyme activity and bitter pit disease,which will provide a basis for resolving Ca metabolism disorder in apple cultivation. [Method]With Fuji Apple as the tested material,the changes of Ca2＋ content and antioxidant enzyme activity in different parts of apple fruit after picking bags and storage period were determined. [Result]The results showed that Ca contents in the light surface of fruits were higher than that in the backlight surface. The Ca contents of stalk cavity were higher than that of calyx-end. The activities of SOD,POD,CAT and APX in the light surface of fruits were higher than that in the backlight surface. The activities of SOD,POD,CAT and APX of stalk cavity were higher than that of calyx-end. The contents of MDA in the light surface of fruits were lower than that in the backlight surface. The contents of MDA of stalk cavity were lower than that of calyx-end. [Conclusion]The incidence rate of bitter pit in the light surface of fruits were lower than that in the backlight surface,and the incidence rate of bitter pit of stalk cavity were lower than that of calyx-end.

Participation of H_2O_2 in Enhancement of Cold Chilling by Salicylic Acid in Banana Seedlings

The possible physiological mechanism of enhancement of cold tolerance by salicylic acid (SA) in banana seedlings ( Musa acuminata cv. Williams 8188) was explored. Measurements of leakage electrolyte after 2 d of recovery at 30/22 ℃ (day/night) following 3 d of cold stress at 7 ℃ showed that pretreatment with hydroponic solution containing SA 0.3-0.9 mmol/L as foliar spray under normal growth conditions (30/22 ℃) could significantly enhance cold tolerance of banana plants. The highest enhancing effect of SA occurred at 0.5 mmol/L and it showed the lowest leakage rate of electrolyte or smaller leaf wilting area after 2 d of recovery at normal temperature from 3 d of 7 ℃ or 5 ℃ cold stress. Higher concentrations (≥2.5 mmol/L) of SA, however, caused more electrolyte leakage, indicating that they aggravated chilling damage. Enhanced cold tolerance by SA could be related to H 2O 2 metabolism. Compared with water_treated seedlings (control), SA 0.5 mmol/L treatment inhibited activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), increased peroxidase (POX) activity, but did not affect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under normal growth conditions, and these changes might lead to an accumulation of H 2O 2, whereas SA pretreatment enhanced the activities of CAT and APX, and reduced the increase in productions of H 2O 2 and thiobarbituric acid_reaction substances (TBARS) during subsequent 7 ℃ cold stress and recovery periods. Exogenous H 2O 2 treatments (1.5 -2.5 mmol/L) also increased cold tolerance of banana seedlings. Furthermore, pretreatment of banana seedlings with dimethylthiourea (a trap for H 2O 2) significantly inhibited cold tolerance induced by SA. These results suggested that endogenous H 2O 2 may be required for SA_enhanced cold tolerance. The significance of the interaction of SA, H 2O 2 and H 2O 2_metabolizing enzymes during cold stress has been discussed.

Effect of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Strains on Mineral Nutrition and Antioxidant Enzymes of Chrysanthemum morifolium

[Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains（AMF）on the mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzymes of Chrysanthemum morifolium.[Method] The pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse,C.morifolium ＇Jinba＇ was inoculated with five kinds of AMF,N,P,K,malondial dehyde（MDA）content,as well as the superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activity in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium were measured at seedling and flowering stages.[Result] The G.i,G.e and G.m treatments could promote mineral nutrient absorption,increase N,P,K content in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium compared with the control without inoculation.The G.d、G.e and G.m treatments could significantly reduce MDA content in roots and petals,thus alleviating membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation.The G.i treatments could also improve the SOD,POD and CAT activities of C.morifolium,thereby increasing the capability of scavenging oxygen free radicals.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive analysis,G.i was screened out as the best strain to improve mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzyme activities of C.morifolium.

Research on Oxidative Stress Induced by Tenuazonic Acid from Alternaria augustiovoide and Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Leaves of Echinochloa crus-galli

[Objective] The aim of the study was to determine whether phytotoxicity of TeA against Echinochloa crus-galli leaves was correlated with oxidative stress caused by generation of reactive oxygen and the changes of antioxidant enzymes activity.[Method] The changes of malondialdehyde（MDA）content,hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,glutathione reductase（GR）and catalase（CAT）were studied by leaf segment method in vitro.[Result] After the treatment of 500 μmol/L TeA,the content of MDA and H2O2 increased by 247.86% and 67.00%,respectively,indicating that the accumulation of MDA and H2O2 in E.crus-galli leaves was due to the reactive oxygen burst induced by TeA.TeA induced a significant increase in activities of SOD,GR and CAT.At 500 μmol/L TeA,activities of SOD,GR and CAT increased more than one fold compared with the control.[Conclusion] TeA could not only cause oxidative stress in leaves of E.crus-galli through the induction of reactive oxygen,but also induce the increasing of antioxidant enzyme activity.

Effects of Catalase and Ascorbate Peroxidase on the Root Growth of Rice under Cadmium Stress

[Objective] The research aimed to study the correlations between catalase（CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase（ASP） and the growth and development of rice roots under cadmium stress.[Method] Taking rice variety Zhonghua No.11 as materials,the changes of rice seedlings under the treatment conditions of Cd,Cd＋CAT inhibitor,Cd＋APX inhibitor were studied.[Result] Under Cd stress,inhibition of CAT activity caused the significant inhibition on the growth of aerial parts,decreased the number of adventitious roots and lateral roots,but it can significant promote the elongation growth of adventitious roots and lateral roots.Moreover,the length of the first lateral root from root tip on the primary roots and adventitious roots was also increased than control.When APX activity was inhibited,the growth changes of rice were similar with that treated by CAT inhibitor.[Conclusion] CAT and APX may play important roles in the regulation of rice root system growth in both non-stress and Cd-stressed rice

Influences of 5-ALA Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Growth before Winter

[Objective] The aim of this paper is to investigate the influences of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid （5-aLA） application on the growth and mechanism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） before winter. [Method] For this purpose a split-plot experimental design with four treatments of seed soaking with 0,25,50 and 75 mg/L ALA solution （CK,A1,A2 and A3） was carried out from October 2009 to January 2010 in order to observe the influences upon the growth and relevant physiological indexes of Zhongshuang 9. [Result] Seed soaking with ALA solution significantly promotes the growth of double-9 before winter,which is probably due to the fact that ALA application enhances its photosynthesis,absorption of nutrients,and its anti-oxidation abilities. The research also finds that ALA treatment notably increases its photosynthetic pigment contents,root activities,leaf nitrate reductase activities,soluble sugar contents,antioxidase activities,and significantly decreases malondialdehyde（MDA） content. [Conclusion] These results indicate that seed soaking with 50 mg/L ALA solution might have a potential application in increasing the productivity of winter oilseed rape in agricultural management.

Protective Effects of Aqueous Extract of Eucommia ulmiodes Oliver Leaves on Liver Mitochondria

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of aqueous extract of Eucommia ulmiodes Oliver leaves （AEO） on liver mitochondrial injury induced by free radicals. [Method] MDA content was determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method; mitochondrial swelling degree was determined by spectrophotometry; the superoxide anion radical scavenging ability was determined using reduced coenzyme I-tetrazolium-phenazine methosulfate as the superoxide anion generation system. Mice were hypodermically injected in the back and neck with D- galactose, after 50 d, the effects of AEO on the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and anti-hydroxyl radicals in mouse liver were determined using kits. [Result] AEO can efficiently reduce the liver injury and inhibit mitochondrial swelling induced by Fe2＋-L-Cys, which can also scavenge superoxide anion and improve the activities of antioxidant enzymes. [Conclusion] This study provided scientific basis for the development and application of AEO resources.

Comparative Analysis on Cadmium Tolerance and Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities of Two Viola Species

[Objective]This study aimed at exploring the physiological properties of the known Cd hyperaccumulator Viola baoshanensis and the control plant Viola inconspicua to cadmium stress.[Method]After a hydroponic experiment carried in a greenhouse,plant Cd accumulations,root elongation rates,MDA contents,and antioxidant enzyme activities were determinined.[Result]Both Viola baoshanensis and Viola inconspicua showed high levels of Cd uptake growing in Cd-supplemented solution of 300 μmol/L for 12 d with Cd accumulations of 2 595 and 3 330 mg/kg in the shoots,respectively.In the cultural solution supplemented with 300 μmol/L of Cd,the root elongation rates were not affected and the MDA contents decreased significantly in Viola baoshanensis,while the root elongation rates were significantly inhibited and the MDA contents increased remarkably in Viola inconspicua,which indicated that Viola baoshanensis had the higher Cd tolerance.The superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities of two Viola species were not linearly related to the middle and low Cd-supplemented concentrations（5,50 μmol/L）and had attained the tiptop in cultural solution supplemented with 100 or 300 μmol/L of Cd but declined in cultural solution supplemented with 500 μmol/L of Cd,suggesting that the contribution of antioxidative enzymes was limited to the Cd tolerance of Viola plants.The Viola inconspicua showed a strong adaptability to the middle and low concentrations of Cd.[Conclusion]Viola species could be used as potential plant resources for the phytoremediation of agriculture areas polluted with low and even middle levels of Cd.

Research on Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes during Pigment Gland Morphogenesis in Cotton

[Objective] This study aimed to determine activities of antioxidant enzymes during gland morphogenesis in cotton, thoroughly explore physiological changes of cotton and provide a scientific basis for the cultivation of excellent cotton varieties. [Method] Based on determination of gossypol contents and antioxidant enzymes ac- tivities during gland morphogenesis in three cotton varieties （Chuanmian2802, Xiang- mian18 and XianwuN5）, metabolism of gossypol and morphogenesis of gland in cot- ton were explored. [Result] After gland morphogenesis, the content of gossypol in Chuanmian2802 was gradually reduced in the early period of seed germination, which slowly increased since the 5th d after germination; however, during the seed germination period, the content of gossypol in Xiangmian18 had a slowly increasing trend and was gradually close to the content of gossypol in Chuanmian2802. The results showed that activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased in seed germination, which was contributive to remove the superoxide radicals, decrease the peroxide lev- el, reduce damages to the membrane, enhance the body＇s resistance to lipid oxida- tion and increase resistance ability to stress. [Conclusion] This study laid the scientif- ic foundation for understanding the characteristics of gland morphogenesis in cotton and cotton cultivation by using gland traits.