In this study,the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and occurrence of diarrhea in weaned piglets were investigated.A compound Chinese herbal medicine that consisted of Astragalus membra...In this study,the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and occurrence of diarrhea in weaned piglets were investigated.A compound Chinese herbal medicine that consisted of Astragalus membranaceus,Codonopsis pilosula,Epimedium sagittatum,massa medicata fermentata,Atractylodes macrocephala,malt,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Angelica sinensis and Crataegus pinnatifida,was crushed and then passed through a 500-mesh sieve.The obtained powder was added to the basal diet of weaned piglets.A total of 100 healthy crossbred weaned piglets,aging 26±2 days,were selected.They were randomly divided into 5groups（20 piglets/group） in according to principles of similar parity（3-5）,similar body weight and half male and half female.The piglets in the control group were fed with basal diet.For the piglets in the I,II and III groups,0.4%,0.7% and 1.0%of Chinese herbal medicine additive were added to the basal diets,respectively.The basal diet of piglets in the IV group was added with 30 mg/kg of oxytetracycline.The results showed the incidences of diarrhea in I,II and III groups were4.85%,5.14% and 5.63% lower than that of control groups（P〈0.05）.There was no significant difference in incidence of diarrhea between the control and the IV groups.展开更多
AIM: Clostridium difficile infection is primarily a nosocomial infection but asymptomatic carriers of Clostridium difficile can be found in up to 5% of the general population. Ampicillin, cephalosporins and clindamyci...AIM: Clostridium difficile infection is primarily a nosocomial infection but asymptomatic carriers of Clostridium difficile can be found in up to 5% of the general population. Ampicillin, cephalosporins and clindamycin are the antibiotics that are most frequently associated with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea or colitis. Little is known about acute renal failure as a consequence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. METHODS: In this case report, we describe the course of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in an 82-year-old patient developing acute renal failure. Stopping the offending agent and symptomatic therapy brought a rapid improvement of diarrhea and acute renal failure, full recovery was gained 18 d after admission. In a systematic review we looked for links between the two conditions. RESULTS: The link between Clostridium difficile-assoaated diarrhea and acute renal failure in our patient was most likely volume depletion. However, in experimental studies a direct influence of Clostridium difficile toxins on renal duct cells could be shown. CONCLUSION: Rapid diagnosis, nonspecific supportive treatment and specific antibiotic treatment, especially in the elderly, may lower excess mortality Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and renal failure being possible complications.展开更多
Overuse of antibiotics for the treatment of acute diarrhea is very common. The aim of the current study was to investigate the inappropriate use of antibiotics in adults with acute infectious diarrhea and to evaluate ...Overuse of antibiotics for the treatment of acute diarrhea is very common. The aim of the current study was to investigate the inappropriate use of antibiotics in adults with acute infectious diarrhea and to evaluate the association between the use of antibiotics and clinical features. To achieve this aim, we reviewed 4891 patients＇ medical records from Apr. 2008 to Oct. 2009. Of the total 4891 cases, 30.5% had clinical features of invasive bacterial diarrhea, 48.1% were prescribed with antibiotics, and 20.3% received inappropriate antibiotic treatment. Of note, 19% involved unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in non-indicated cases, which accounted for 39.4% of all antibiotics prescribed in the total 4891 patients. There was no significant differences between physicians and medical trainees in the inappropriate use of antibiotics （P = 1.0）. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that except for body temperature, other clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, tenesmus, and faecal WBC count （〉10 cells/HPF） were associated with the use of antibiotics. In addition, other clinical indicators including vomiting, stool frequency of 5-10 times/d, mucous stool, and fecal WBC count of 1-10 cells/HPF, which are not normally indicators for prescribing antibiotics, were also associated with the use of antibiotics. This might suggest that these symptoms were mistaken as features of invasive bacterial diarrhea, thus leading to the overuse of antibiotics.展开更多
The pathogens and opinion for antibiotic treatment in adult patients with 1-14 fecal white blood cells per high power field （WBC/HPF） of acute non-bloody diarrhea remain obscure. The study attempts to clarify it. St...The pathogens and opinion for antibiotic treatment in adult patients with 1-14 fecal white blood cells per high power field （WBC/HPF） of acute non-bloody diarrhea remain obscure. The study attempts to clarify it. Stool specimens of adult patients with acute non-bloody diarrhea and stool examination showing 1-14 fecal WBC/HPF were collected for bacterial culture and viral detection. Patients included in this study were 196 cases with mean age of （37.9±17.4） years and 42.3% was women. The bacterial and viral detection rates were 63 （32.1%） and 21 （10.7%）, respectively. Of the isolated pathogens, campylobacteria was present in 14 （22.0%） samples and was the most common bacteria and calicivirus was found in 10 （47.6%） samples and was the most common virus. Based on single pathogens, 46 cases were caused by invasive pathogens, 26 cases were caused by non-invasive pathogens. The body temperature was significantly higher in feverish patients caused by invasive pathogens than those caused by non-invasive pathogens （（38.44-0.7） ℃ vs （37.74-0.4） ℃, P = 0.002）. The probability of diarrhea caused by invasive pathogens was higher in patients with T〉38.4℃ than those with T_〈38.4℃ （RR = 1.5）. When T〉38.4℃ is used as the threshold for antibiotic treatment, the misuse rate of antibiotics would decrease from 26.9% to 3.8% （P = 0.021）. So T〉38.4 ℃ may be used as a possible reference value for antibiotic treatment in adult patients with 1-14 fecal WBC/HPF of acute non-bloody diarrhea.展开更多
Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of pricking needling at Sifeng （四缝 EX-UE10） in combination with Tuina in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea （AAD） in infants. Methods According to random number...Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of pricking needling at Sifeng （四缝 EX-UE10） in combination with Tuina in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea （AAD） in infants. Methods According to random number table, 82 patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 41 patients were included in each group. The patients in the two groups were not subjected to fasting diet; fluid replacement, correction on electrolyte disturbance, withdrawal of antibiotics and other symptomatic treatments were all carried out for them. The patients in the treatment group were simultaneously treated by using pricking needling at EX-UE 10 in combination with Tuina manipulation, while the patients in the control group were orally administered with Medilac Vita. Five days were considered as a treatment course for both groups, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated after a treatment course. Results the number of patients with concurrent symptoms in the treatment group were significantly less than that in the control group （P0.05）; the number of patients not showing leucopenia in the treatment group were significantly less than that in the control group （P0.05）; the total effective rate of 92.7% （38/41） in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of 73.2% （30/41） in the control group, and the difference in therapeutic effect between the two groups was statistically significant （P0.05）. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of pricking needling at EX-UE 10 in combination with Tuina on the basis of conventional treatments is better than that of combination with Medilac Vita in treating AAD in infants, and it could rapidly improve systemic symptoms and indices of stool.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JA14406)~~
文摘In this study,the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and occurrence of diarrhea in weaned piglets were investigated.A compound Chinese herbal medicine that consisted of Astragalus membranaceus,Codonopsis pilosula,Epimedium sagittatum,massa medicata fermentata,Atractylodes macrocephala,malt,Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Angelica sinensis and Crataegus pinnatifida,was crushed and then passed through a 500-mesh sieve.The obtained powder was added to the basal diet of weaned piglets.A total of 100 healthy crossbred weaned piglets,aging 26±2 days,were selected.They were randomly divided into 5groups（20 piglets/group） in according to principles of similar parity（3-5）,similar body weight and half male and half female.The piglets in the control group were fed with basal diet.For the piglets in the I,II and III groups,0.4%,0.7% and 1.0%of Chinese herbal medicine additive were added to the basal diets,respectively.The basal diet of piglets in the IV group was added with 30 mg/kg of oxytetracycline.The results showed the incidences of diarrhea in I,II and III groups were4.85%,5.14% and 5.63% lower than that of control groups（P〈0.05）.There was no significant difference in incidence of diarrhea between the control and the IV groups.
文摘AIM: Clostridium difficile infection is primarily a nosocomial infection but asymptomatic carriers of Clostridium difficile can be found in up to 5% of the general population. Ampicillin, cephalosporins and clindamycin are the antibiotics that are most frequently associated with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea or colitis. Little is known about acute renal failure as a consequence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. METHODS: In this case report, we describe the course of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in an 82-year-old patient developing acute renal failure. Stopping the offending agent and symptomatic therapy brought a rapid improvement of diarrhea and acute renal failure, full recovery was gained 18 d after admission. In a systematic review we looked for links between the two conditions. RESULTS: The link between Clostridium difficile-assoaated diarrhea and acute renal failure in our patient was most likely volume depletion. However, in experimental studies a direct influence of Clostridium difficile toxins on renal duct cells could be shown. CONCLUSION: Rapid diagnosis, nonspecific supportive treatment and specific antibiotic treatment, especially in the elderly, may lower excess mortality Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and renal failure being possible complications.
基金This work was Funded by National"863"Program (Grant No.2006AA020703)Beijing Key Project(Grant No. D0206010041091)
文摘Overuse of antibiotics for the treatment of acute diarrhea is very common. The aim of the current study was to investigate the inappropriate use of antibiotics in adults with acute infectious diarrhea and to evaluate the association between the use of antibiotics and clinical features. To achieve this aim, we reviewed 4891 patients＇ medical records from Apr. 2008 to Oct. 2009. Of the total 4891 cases, 30.5% had clinical features of invasive bacterial diarrhea, 48.1% were prescribed with antibiotics, and 20.3% received inappropriate antibiotic treatment. Of note, 19% involved unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in non-indicated cases, which accounted for 39.4% of all antibiotics prescribed in the total 4891 patients. There was no significant differences between physicians and medical trainees in the inappropriate use of antibiotics （P = 1.0）. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that except for body temperature, other clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, tenesmus, and faecal WBC count （〉10 cells/HPF） were associated with the use of antibiotics. In addition, other clinical indicators including vomiting, stool frequency of 5-10 times/d, mucous stool, and fecal WBC count of 1-10 cells/HPF, which are not normally indicators for prescribing antibiotics, were also associated with the use of antibiotics. This might suggest that these symptoms were mistaken as features of invasive bacterial diarrhea, thus leading to the overuse of antibiotics.
基金Major National Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.2013ZX10004605,2013ZX10004605001004)
文摘The pathogens and opinion for antibiotic treatment in adult patients with 1-14 fecal white blood cells per high power field （WBC/HPF） of acute non-bloody diarrhea remain obscure. The study attempts to clarify it. Stool specimens of adult patients with acute non-bloody diarrhea and stool examination showing 1-14 fecal WBC/HPF were collected for bacterial culture and viral detection. Patients included in this study were 196 cases with mean age of （37.9±17.4） years and 42.3% was women. The bacterial and viral detection rates were 63 （32.1%） and 21 （10.7%）, respectively. Of the isolated pathogens, campylobacteria was present in 14 （22.0%） samples and was the most common bacteria and calicivirus was found in 10 （47.6%） samples and was the most common virus. Based on single pathogens, 46 cases were caused by invasive pathogens, 26 cases were caused by non-invasive pathogens. The body temperature was significantly higher in feverish patients caused by invasive pathogens than those caused by non-invasive pathogens （（38.44-0.7） ℃ vs （37.74-0.4） ℃, P = 0.002）. The probability of diarrhea caused by invasive pathogens was higher in patients with T〉38.4℃ than those with T_〈38.4℃ （RR = 1.5）. When T〉38.4℃ is used as the threshold for antibiotic treatment, the misuse rate of antibiotics would decrease from 26.9% to 3.8% （P = 0.021）. So T〉38.4 ℃ may be used as a possible reference value for antibiotic treatment in adult patients with 1-14 fecal WBC/HPF of acute non-bloody diarrhea.
文摘Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of pricking needling at Sifeng （四缝 EX-UE10） in combination with Tuina in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea （AAD） in infants. Methods According to random number table, 82 patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 41 patients were included in each group. The patients in the two groups were not subjected to fasting diet; fluid replacement, correction on electrolyte disturbance, withdrawal of antibiotics and other symptomatic treatments were all carried out for them. The patients in the treatment group were simultaneously treated by using pricking needling at EX-UE 10 in combination with Tuina manipulation, while the patients in the control group were orally administered with Medilac Vita. Five days were considered as a treatment course for both groups, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated after a treatment course. Results the number of patients with concurrent symptoms in the treatment group were significantly less than that in the control group （P0.05）; the number of patients not showing leucopenia in the treatment group were significantly less than that in the control group （P0.05）; the total effective rate of 92.7% （38/41） in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of 73.2% （30/41） in the control group, and the difference in therapeutic effect between the two groups was statistically significant （P0.05）. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of pricking needling at EX-UE 10 in combination with Tuina on the basis of conventional treatments is better than that of combination with Medilac Vita in treating AAD in infants, and it could rapidly improve systemic symptoms and indices of stool.
