Recent studies have uncovered two signaling pathways that activate the host innate immunity against viral infection. One of the pathways utilizes members of the Toll-like receptor （TLR） family to detect viruses that...Recent studies have uncovered two signaling pathways that activate the host innate immunity against viral infection. One of the pathways utilizes members of the Toll-like receptor （TLR） family to detect viruses that enter the endosome through endocytosis. The TLR pathway induces interferon production through several signaling proteins that ultimately lead to the activation of the transcription factors NF-kB, IRF3 and IRFT. The other antiviral pathway uses the RNA helicase RIG-Ⅰ as the receptor for intracellular viral double-stranded RNA. RIG-Ⅰ activates NF-kB and IRFs through the recently identified adaptor protein MAVS, a CARD domain containing protein that resides in the mitochondrial membrane. MAVS is essential for antiviral innate immunity, but it also serves as a target of Hepatitis C virus （HCV）, which employs a viral protease to cleave MAVS off the mitochondria, thereby allowing HCV to escape the host immune system.展开更多
AIM： To introduce a bioimpedance gastric motility mea- surement method based on an electrical-mechanical composite concept and a preliminary clinical application. METHODS： A noninvasive gastric motility measure- men...AIM： To introduce a bioimpedance gastric motility mea- surement method based on an electrical-mechanical composite concept and a preliminary clinical application. METHODS： A noninvasive gastric motility measure- ment method combining electrogastrograrn （EGG） and impedance gastric motility （IGM） test was used. Prelim- inary clinical application studies of patients with func- tional dyspepsia （FD） and gastritis, as well as healthy controls, were carried out. Twenty-eight FD patients （mean age 40.9±9.7 years） and 40 healthy volun- teers （mean age 30.9±7.9 years） were involved. IGM spectrum was measured for both the healthy subjects and FD patients, and outcomes were compared in the FD patients before treatment and 1 wk and 3 wk after treatment. IGM parameters were obtained from 30 erosive gastritis patients （mean age 50.5±13.0 years） and 40 healthy adults, and IGM and EGG results were compared in the gastritis patients before treatment and 1 wk after treatment.RESULTS： There were significant differences in the IGM parameters between the FD patients and healthy subjects, and FD patients had a poorer gastric motility [percentage of normal frequency （PNF） 70.8±25.5 in healthy subjects and 28.3 =t= 16.9 in FD patients, P 〈 0.01]. After 1 wk administration of domperidone 10 mg, tid, the gastric motility of FD patients was not im- proved, although the EGG of the patients had returned to normal. After 3 wk of treatment, the IGM rhythm of the FD patients became normal. There was a significant difference in IGM parameters between the two groups （PNF 70.4：1：25.5 for healthy subjects and 36.1 4- 21.8 for gastritis patients, P 〈 0.05）. The EGG rhythm of the gastritis patients returned to normal （frequency insta- bility coefficient 2.22±0.43 before treatment and 1.77 ：t： 0.19 one wk after treatment, P 〈 0.05） after 1 wk of treatment with sodium rabeprazole tablets, 10 mg, qd, po, qm, while some IGM parameters showed a tenden- cy toward improvement but had not reached statistical significance. CONCLUSION： The electrical-mechanical composite measurement method showed an attractive clinical appli- cation prospect in gastric motility research and evaluation.展开更多
This study focused on the influences of opioids on the generation of antibody against sheep erythrocyte in vitro, It was found that morphine. a-CAO, DADLE, MENK were able to inhibit the capacity of murine spleen cell...This study focused on the influences of opioids on the generation of antibody against sheep erythrocyte in vitro, It was found that morphine. a-CAO, DADLE, MENK were able to inhibit the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4 and conversely. dynorphin was able to stimulate the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4. Morphine, a-CAO, MENK, DADLE, dynorphin decreased intracellular cAMP level, increased [Ca(2+)]i and calmodulin activity. The effects were completely blocked by naloxone, the specific opioid antagonist. Our results showed that opioids regulate the production of antibody in murine spleen cells, and alter intracellular cAMP, [Ca(2+)]i calmodulin activity. and leukotriene C4 production by way of binding to different receptor types.展开更多
To realize the high-efficiency photodegradation of antibiotics,a novel S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) was proposed and successfully prepared in this work.The 10%g-C_(3)N_(4)/B...To realize the high-efficiency photodegradation of antibiotics,a novel S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) was proposed and successfully prepared in this work.The 10%g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) heterojunction exhibits the highest degradation rate of norfloxacin(NOR)and bisphenol A(BPA).The degradation rate of NOR on 10%g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) is about 1.38 and 2.33 times higher than that of pure Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.Further,the degradation rate of BPA over 10%g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) heterojunction is bout 1.35 and 9.11 times higher than that of pure Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and reduces the recombination of charge carriers,which was confirmed by photocurrent,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,steady-state and time-resolved transient photoluminescence spectrum,etc.The in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance results demonstrate that the charge transfer is in accord with S-scheme mechanism.展开更多
In order to overcome hypoxia induced sickness, a stable source of anti-hypoxia functional agents, Sehizophyllum commune fermented broth has been developed in this study. Animal experiments were conducted to examine it...In order to overcome hypoxia induced sickness, a stable source of anti-hypoxia functional agents, Sehizophyllum commune fermented broth has been developed in this study. Animal experiments were conducted to examine its anti-hypoxia activities and possible mechanisms involved. The acute hypoxic experiment showed that Sehizophyllum commune fermented broth could significantly prolong the survival time of mice. The underlying mechanisms were associated with improved energy metabolism based on a study carried out in rats exposed to a low pressure chamber simulating the low pressure environment of 8 000 m altitude. It was concluded that the Schizophyllum commune fermented broth was an effective anti-hypoxia functional agent and could be greatly bene- ficial to those living and working at high altitudes, such as people who reside in the reconstruction regions of Yushu.展开更多
Cetuximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 mono-clonal antibody that targets the ligand-binding domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor and inhibits downstream intra-cellular signals. Research has shown that cet...Cetuximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 mono-clonal antibody that targets the ligand-binding domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor and inhibits downstream intra-cellular signals. Research has shown that cetuximab can stimulate the autoimmune system and produce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity reactions, which can recruit cytotoxic lymphocytes to attack and kill cancer cells. Cetuximab is mainly indicated for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive metastatic colorectal cancer who fail to respond to both irinotecan-and oxaliplatin-based regimens. The efficacy and safety of cetuximab as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment options were evaluated in a series of phase II and phase III trials. Identifying the clinical and molecular markers that can predict which patient groups may best benefit from cetuximab treatment is key to improving patient outcomes and avoiding unnecessary toxicities and costs. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms of action by which cetuximab exerts its antitumor effects, as well as the possible clinical and molecular markers that may help predict therapeutic benefits for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.展开更多
Objective To assess the relationship between HOMA-estimated insulin resistance and risk fac-tors of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Methods 268 eligible subjects of Pudong ShangGan community, aged 45...Objective To assess the relationship between HOMA-estimated insulin resistance and risk fac-tors of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Methods 268 eligible subjects of Pudong ShangGan community, aged 45-80 years, volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional survey. Fasting insulin was measured by means of a radioimmunoassay. Results Anthropometric parameters ,fasting blood glucose and insulin, increased in a linear fashion across quartiles of HOMA-IR after adjustment for age and sex. HOMA-IR was significantly associated with measures of anthropometry (BMI,r = 0. 30; waist circumference, r =0. 35; and waist-to-hip ratio,r =0.21), fasting (glucose,r =0. 41; insulin,r=0. 71), and cardiovascular risk factors ( cholesterol, r = 0. 23; triglyceride,r = 0. 31; systolic blood pressure,r= 0. 25; and diastolic blood pressure, r = 0. 20; all P < 0. 0001). In logistic regression analysis, odds ratios indicate that individuals with obesity ( high levels of BMI and waist circumference) were more than 4 times likely to have elevated HOMA-IR. With increase of log triglycerides, the risk of having elevated HOMA-IR increased more than 2. 4 times. For increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the likelihood of having elevated HOMA-IR increased >1. 8 times. Conclusion HOMA-IR was significantly and independently associated with risk factors of cardiovascular disease in this study.展开更多
Recently, NK1R （Neurokinin-1 receptors） take attention as new and promising target in anticancer drug development area. It has been proved that non-peptide NK1R antagonists L-733,060, aprepitant and L-732,138 inhibi...Recently, NK1R （Neurokinin-1 receptors） take attention as new and promising target in anticancer drug development area. It has been proved that non-peptide NK1R antagonists L-733,060, aprepitant and L-732,138 inhibited tumor growth in several cancer cell lines. For the development of novel NK1R antagonists as antitumor agents, heterocyclic compounds which were previously synthesized by our team, tested for their cytotoxic activities in several cancer cell lines in this study. Among the tested compounds, a benzothiazole derivative BSN-009 inhibited colon cancer cell lines growth by 57.53% by comparing the activity to the control drug aprepitant. Molecular modeling studies such as molecular docking and pharmacophore generation were performed with known NK1R antagonists and BSN-009 by using Discovery Studio 3.5 in order to explain their binding modes to NK1R. BSN-009 may be a good anticancer drug candidate as a possible NK1R antagonist and is worthy to carry on the anticancer studies.展开更多
Over the last 30 years,aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world,but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses.During the last decade,a lar...Over the last 30 years,aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world,but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses.During the last decade,a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified,and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized.These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts.Here,based on our research experience of more than 20 years,we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses,including iridoviruses,herpesviruses,reoviruses,and rhabdoviruses,and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus–host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.展开更多
The curative effects of Chinese herbal compounds result from the coordination of numerous natural compounds.We aimed to review the mechanism of action of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)compounds(TCMC),explore the ra...The curative effects of Chinese herbal compounds result from the coordination of numerous natural compounds.We aimed to review the mechanism of action of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)compounds(TCMC),explore the rationality of formulation theory and synergistic effects in TCM compounds,and analyze the effectiveness of drug compatibility of TCMC in molecular biology.This literature review covers the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of compounds,and their synergistic antitumor mechanisms.We aim to provide reference for the effective development and use of natural resources and the organic combination of TCM and modern medicine using molecular biology.展开更多
文摘Recent studies have uncovered two signaling pathways that activate the host innate immunity against viral infection. One of the pathways utilizes members of the Toll-like receptor （TLR） family to detect viruses that enter the endosome through endocytosis. The TLR pathway induces interferon production through several signaling proteins that ultimately lead to the activation of the transcription factors NF-kB, IRF3 and IRFT. The other antiviral pathway uses the RNA helicase RIG-Ⅰ as the receptor for intracellular viral double-stranded RNA. RIG-Ⅰ activates NF-kB and IRFs through the recently identified adaptor protein MAVS, a CARD domain containing protein that resides in the mitochondrial membrane. MAVS is essential for antiviral innate immunity, but it also serves as a target of Hepatitis C virus （HCV）, which employs a viral protease to cleave MAVS off the mitochondria, thereby allowing HCV to escape the host immune system.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 60471041 and 60901045
文摘AIM： To introduce a bioimpedance gastric motility mea- surement method based on an electrical-mechanical composite concept and a preliminary clinical application. METHODS： A noninvasive gastric motility measure- ment method combining electrogastrograrn （EGG） and impedance gastric motility （IGM） test was used. Prelim- inary clinical application studies of patients with func- tional dyspepsia （FD） and gastritis, as well as healthy controls, were carried out. Twenty-eight FD patients （mean age 40.9±9.7 years） and 40 healthy volun- teers （mean age 30.9±7.9 years） were involved. IGM spectrum was measured for both the healthy subjects and FD patients, and outcomes were compared in the FD patients before treatment and 1 wk and 3 wk after treatment. IGM parameters were obtained from 30 erosive gastritis patients （mean age 50.5±13.0 years） and 40 healthy adults, and IGM and EGG results were compared in the gastritis patients before treatment and 1 wk after treatment.RESULTS： There were significant differences in the IGM parameters between the FD patients and healthy subjects, and FD patients had a poorer gastric motility [percentage of normal frequency （PNF） 70.8±25.5 in healthy subjects and 28.3 =t= 16.9 in FD patients, P 〈 0.01]. After 1 wk administration of domperidone 10 mg, tid, the gastric motility of FD patients was not im- proved, although the EGG of the patients had returned to normal. After 3 wk of treatment, the IGM rhythm of the FD patients became normal. There was a significant difference in IGM parameters between the two groups （PNF 70.4：1：25.5 for healthy subjects and 36.1 4- 21.8 for gastritis patients, P 〈 0.05）. The EGG rhythm of the gastritis patients returned to normal （frequency insta- bility coefficient 2.22±0.43 before treatment and 1.77 ：t： 0.19 one wk after treatment, P 〈 0.05） after 1 wk of treatment with sodium rabeprazole tablets, 10 mg, qd, po, qm, while some IGM parameters showed a tenden- cy toward improvement but had not reached statistical significance. CONCLUSION： The electrical-mechanical composite measurement method showed an attractive clinical appli- cation prospect in gastric motility research and evaluation.
文摘This study focused on the influences of opioids on the generation of antibody against sheep erythrocyte in vitro, It was found that morphine. a-CAO, DADLE, MENK were able to inhibit the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4 and conversely. dynorphin was able to stimulate the capacity of murine spleen cells to generate antibody and leukotriene C4. Morphine, a-CAO, MENK, DADLE, dynorphin decreased intracellular cAMP level, increased [Ca(2+)]i and calmodulin activity. The effects were completely blocked by naloxone, the specific opioid antagonist. Our results showed that opioids regulate the production of antibody in murine spleen cells, and alter intracellular cAMP, [Ca(2+)]i calmodulin activity. and leukotriene C4 production by way of binding to different receptor types.
文摘To realize the high-efficiency photodegradation of antibiotics,a novel S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) was proposed and successfully prepared in this work.The 10%g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) heterojunction exhibits the highest degradation rate of norfloxacin(NOR)and bisphenol A(BPA).The degradation rate of NOR on 10%g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) is about 1.38 and 2.33 times higher than that of pure Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.Further,the degradation rate of BPA over 10%g-C_(3)N_(4)/Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) heterojunction is bout 1.35 and 9.11 times higher than that of pure Bi_(8)(CrO_(4))O_(11) and g-C_(3)N_(4),respectively.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and reduces the recombination of charge carriers,which was confirmed by photocurrent,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,steady-state and time-resolved transient photoluminescence spectrum,etc.The in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance results demonstrate that the charge transfer is in accord with S-scheme mechanism.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.31171662)"973"National Key Basic Research and Development Program(No.2012CB518202)Project of Qinghai Development of Science and Technology(No.2011-N-150)
文摘In order to overcome hypoxia induced sickness, a stable source of anti-hypoxia functional agents, Sehizophyllum commune fermented broth has been developed in this study. Animal experiments were conducted to examine its anti-hypoxia activities and possible mechanisms involved. The acute hypoxic experiment showed that Sehizophyllum commune fermented broth could significantly prolong the survival time of mice. The underlying mechanisms were associated with improved energy metabolism based on a study carried out in rats exposed to a low pressure chamber simulating the low pressure environment of 8 000 m altitude. It was concluded that the Schizophyllum commune fermented broth was an effective anti-hypoxia functional agent and could be greatly bene- ficial to those living and working at high altitudes, such as people who reside in the reconstruction regions of Yushu.
基金This work was supported by the Major Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant No. 91029705 and National Key Basic Research Program through Grant No. 2011CB933100.
文摘Cetuximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 mono-clonal antibody that targets the ligand-binding domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor and inhibits downstream intra-cellular signals. Research has shown that cetuximab can stimulate the autoimmune system and produce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity reactions, which can recruit cytotoxic lymphocytes to attack and kill cancer cells. Cetuximab is mainly indicated for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive metastatic colorectal cancer who fail to respond to both irinotecan-and oxaliplatin-based regimens. The efficacy and safety of cetuximab as monotherapy or in combination with other treatment options were evaluated in a series of phase II and phase III trials. Identifying the clinical and molecular markers that can predict which patient groups may best benefit from cetuximab treatment is key to improving patient outcomes and avoiding unnecessary toxicities and costs. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms of action by which cetuximab exerts its antitumor effects, as well as the possible clinical and molecular markers that may help predict therapeutic benefits for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
基金Supported by the foundation from Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (00HX020)by the foundation from Shanghai Public Administration (99427)
文摘Objective To assess the relationship between HOMA-estimated insulin resistance and risk fac-tors of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Methods 268 eligible subjects of Pudong ShangGan community, aged 45-80 years, volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional survey. Fasting insulin was measured by means of a radioimmunoassay. Results Anthropometric parameters ,fasting blood glucose and insulin, increased in a linear fashion across quartiles of HOMA-IR after adjustment for age and sex. HOMA-IR was significantly associated with measures of anthropometry (BMI,r = 0. 30; waist circumference, r =0. 35; and waist-to-hip ratio,r =0.21), fasting (glucose,r =0. 41; insulin,r=0. 71), and cardiovascular risk factors ( cholesterol, r = 0. 23; triglyceride,r = 0. 31; systolic blood pressure,r= 0. 25; and diastolic blood pressure, r = 0. 20; all P < 0. 0001). In logistic regression analysis, odds ratios indicate that individuals with obesity ( high levels of BMI and waist circumference) were more than 4 times likely to have elevated HOMA-IR. With increase of log triglycerides, the risk of having elevated HOMA-IR increased more than 2. 4 times. For increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the likelihood of having elevated HOMA-IR increased >1. 8 times. Conclusion HOMA-IR was significantly and independently associated with risk factors of cardiovascular disease in this study.
文摘Recently, NK1R （Neurokinin-1 receptors） take attention as new and promising target in anticancer drug development area. It has been proved that non-peptide NK1R antagonists L-733,060, aprepitant and L-732,138 inhibited tumor growth in several cancer cell lines. For the development of novel NK1R antagonists as antitumor agents, heterocyclic compounds which were previously synthesized by our team, tested for their cytotoxic activities in several cancer cell lines in this study. Among the tested compounds, a benzothiazole derivative BSN-009 inhibited colon cancer cell lines growth by 57.53% by comparing the activity to the control drug aprepitant. Molecular modeling studies such as molecular docking and pharmacophore generation were performed with known NK1R antagonists and BSN-009 by using Discovery Studio 3.5 in order to explain their binding modes to NK1R. BSN-009 may be a good anticancer drug candidate as a possible NK1R antagonist and is worthy to carry on the anticancer studies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31430091)the National Key Basic Research Program(2010CB126303)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(2011FBZ12)
文摘Over the last 30 years,aquaculture has become the fastest growing form of agriculture production in the world,but its development has been hampered by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses.During the last decade,a large number of viruses from aquatic animals have been identified,and more than 100 viral genomes have been sequenced and genetically characterized.These advances are leading to better understanding about antiviral mechanisms and the types of interaction occurring between aquatic viruses and their hosts.Here,based on our research experience of more than 20 years,we review the wealth of genetic and genomic information from studies on a diverse range of aquatic viruses,including iridoviruses,herpesviruses,reoviruses,and rhabdoviruses,and outline some major advances in our understanding of virus–host interactions in animals used in aquaculture.
基金Supported by National Science&Technology Pillar Program in the 11th Five Year Plan of China(No.2006BAI11B0801)
文摘The curative effects of Chinese herbal compounds result from the coordination of numerous natural compounds.We aimed to review the mechanism of action of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)compounds(TCMC),explore the rationality of formulation theory and synergistic effects in TCM compounds,and analyze the effectiveness of drug compatibility of TCMC in molecular biology.This literature review covers the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of compounds,and their synergistic antitumor mechanisms.We aim to provide reference for the effective development and use of natural resources and the organic combination of TCM and modern medicine using molecular biology.
