几种抗病毒药剂防治烟草马铃薯Y病毒病田间药效对比试验

通过2007年3种抗病毒药剂防治烟草马铃薯Y病毒病田间药效对比试验,结果表明:20%克Y特灵可湿性粉剂300倍液平均防效为74.14%,对烟草马铃薯Y病毒病防治效果最好;24%毒消水乳剂900倍液平均防效为62.43%,3.95%病毒必克可湿性粉剂500倍液平均防效为60.02%,这两种药剂对烟草马铃薯Y病毒病防治效果接近,防治效果次于克Y特灵。20%克Y特灵可湿性粉剂是目前防治烟草马铃薯Y病毒病较好的药剂之一,使用浓度以300倍最佳,建议烟叶生产上使用该药剂防治烟草马铃薯Y病毒病。

替诺福韦酯初始单药治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者5年疗效分析

【目的】分析慢性乙型肝炎患者(尤其是高病毒载量患者)服用替诺福韦酯(TDF)长达5年的治疗疗效与安全性。【方法】回顾性分析144名慢性乙型肝炎患者接受TDF初始治疗(服用TDF≥3个月)的疗效及安全性,其中HBeAg阳性106例(73.6%),HBeAg阴性38例(26.4%),102名患者基线HBV DNA(U/mL)的对数≥6。主要终点指标是获得病毒学应答率(VR);次要终点为ALT正常率(ALT水平低于正常上限)、HBeAg/HBeAb血清学转换率和安全性。【结果】平均随访时间为120(12~264)周,患者的平均年龄为34(27~41)岁。随访至24、48、96、144、192和240周时,VR率呈递增的趋势,分别为71%、91.3%、98.1%、100%、100%和100%,而且100%的患者在240周获得VR。102名基线HBV DNA(U/mL)的对数≥6的患者在随访期间均出现了VR。ALT复常率分别为72.1%、78.6%、91.2%、95%、96%和100%。第240周HBeAg率达35.8%。在第120周,1名患者发生HBsAg转阴,但没有获得HBsAg/HBsAb血清学转换。随访至24周时,有35名患者可检测到HBV DNA,即出现部分病毒学应答。这35名患者中有30名(85.7%)继续TDF单药治疗至144周时获得了VR。无一例患者出现严重不良事件。【结论】无论基线水平是否为高病毒载量,慢性乙型肝炎患长期TDF初始单药治疗是安全有效的。24周时发生部分病毒学应答继续TDF单药治疗,没有必要进行优化治疗。

Preparation and antiviral effects of polysaccharides from Panax japonicus

Water-soluble polysaccharides were prepared from Panax japonicus by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation.The polysaccharides were further purified by ion exchange chromatography to obtain neutral and acidic polysaccharides.The neutral polysaccharide fraction mainly contained Glc(90.2%),which was a glucan fraction.The acidic polysaccharide fraction mainly contained GalA(43.6%),Gal(21.7%),and Ara(15.4%),with a degree of methyl-esterification of 20.3%,which was a pectic polysaccharide.The acidic polysaccharide of Panax japonicus could effectively inhibit the replication of human seasonal influenza virus H1N1 and canine influenza virus H3N2 in MDCK cells and A549 cells and significantly reduce the virus titer in infected cells.It also effectively inhibited the number of infected cells of the SARS-CoV-2 South Africa strain and the Omicron strain.The acid polysaccharide of Panax japonicus showed good efficacy against influenza virus and COVID-19 infection,which could be used as a potential antiviral candidate drug molecule in the future.