Insulin resistance in H pylori infection and its association with oxidative stress

AIM: To determine the insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative status in H pylori infection and to find out if there is any relationship between these parameters and insulin resistance. METHODS: Fifty-five H pylori positive and 48 H pylori negative patients were enrolled. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to assess insulin resistance. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined in all subjects. RESULTS: The total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in H pylori positive group than in H pylori negative group (1.36 ± 0.33 and 1.70 ± 0.50, respectively; P < 0.001), while the total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in H pylori positive group than in H pylori negative group (6.79 ± 3.40 and 5.08 ± 0.95, and 5.42 ± 3.40 and 3.10 ± 0.92, respectively; P < 0.001). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in H pylori positive group than in H pylori negative group (6.92 ± 3.86 and 3.61 ± 1.67, res- pectively; P < 0.001). Insulin resistance was found to be significantly correlated with total antioxidant capacity (r = -0.251, P < 0.05), total oxidant status (r = 0.365, P < 0.05), and oxidative stress index (r = 0.267, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress in H pylori infection. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and elucidate the effectof adding antioxidant vitamins to H pylori eradication therapy on insulin resistance during H pylori infection.

Antimicrobial activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts against H pylori: In vitro and in vivo studies

AIM： To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sapindus mukorossi （S. mukorossl） and Rheum emodi （R. emodl）. METHODS： Powders of S. mukorossi and R. emodi were extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform and ethanol and were concentrated in vacuum. The disk diffusion method was used for in vitro studies and in vivo studies were performed on male Wister rats. Thirty resistant clinical isolates of H pylon, as determined by their antibiotic sensitivity patterns by E-test, along with two Gram ＋ve （S. aureus, B. subtilis） and two Gram -ve （E. coli, P. vugaris） organisms were screened for their susceptibility patterns against these extracts. RESULTS： In our screening, all 30 resistant isolates and the other four organisms （two Gram ＋ve S. aureus, B. subtilis and two Gram -ve, E. coli, P. vugaris） were sensitive to the test compounds. It was found that ethanol and chloroform extracts of S. mukorossi and ethanol and benzene extracts of R. emodi inhibited Hpylori at very low concentrations, In the in vitro study, the isolates showed a considerable zone of inhibition at very low concentrations （10 μg/mL） for both the extracts. In the in vivo study, the H pylori infection was cleared with minimal doses of extracts of S. mukorossi （2.5 mg/mL） and R. emodi （3.0 mg/mL） given orally for seven days. CONCLUSION： We can conclude from this study that the extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi inhibited the growth of pylori in vitro and, in in vivo studies, the H pylori infection cleared within seven days at very low concentrations. We also found that H pylori did not acquire resistance against these herbal extracts even after 10 consecutive passages.

An Indirect ELISA of Classical Swine Fever Virus Based on Quadruple Antigenic Epitope Peptide Expressed in E.coli

In this study,a synthesized quadruple antigenic epitope gene region of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV)E2 glycoprotein was expressed in E.coli to a obtain target protein.This target protein was used as a coating antigen to establish an indirect ELISA for specifically detecting anti-CSFV antibodies in serum samples from pigs.The P/N cut-off value of this assay was 1.92 by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)analysis based on 30 negative sera and 80 positive samples.The test gave 97.5%sensitivity and 96.7%specificity compared with the indirect hemagglutination(IHA)test.The inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs)for 16 sera were both≤6.8%.No cross-reactivity between the coating antigen and anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus(BVDV)antibodies was observed.

THE COEXPRESSION OF THE preS1(1-42) AND THE CORE(1-144)ANTIGEN OF HBV IN E.coli

Objective.To study the therapeutic T cell vaccine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B by improving the cellular immunization of HBsAg vaccine with the coexpression of the preS1(1-42)and the Core(1-144)anti-gen of HBV in E.coli.Methods.The genes of HBcAg (1-144)and preS1(1-42)were amplified and fused by PCR.This fused gene was inserted in the prokaryotic expression vector pET-11d and expre ssed in E.coli.Results.It was showed by SDS-PAGE that the pr otein molecular weight of the coexpr ession product was about 20kD,20%of all bacteria prote in.The monoclonal antibodies again st core and preS1antibody could re-act with this fused protein by Western-blot technique respectively.The fused gene was verified by sequencin g.Under the immune electron microscop y,this fused protein is typical particles of HBcAg but in an aggregated form.Conclusion.The results might aid for studying T c ell immunotherapeutic vaccine for c hronic hepatitis B.

Construction of Large Human Single-chain Antibody Phage Display Library

A large human naive single chain antibody (scFv) library is constructed from 60 healthy donors via phage display technique. During the period, some methods are employed to optimize the diversity, such as multi donors, different annealing temperature, half nest PCR, and assembly by two way fusion PCR. In this study, 78 electroporations resulted in 1010 library, diversity of which is assayed by enzyme fingerprint. The efficiency and diversity are all better than other researches.

Potency of Nannochloropsis oculata as Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antiviral on Humpback Grouper Infected by Vibrio alginolyticus and Viral Nervous Necrotic

The aim of this study was to explore the potency of N. oculata extracts as antibacterial, antioxidant and antiviral on grouper Cromileptes altivelis （C. altivelis） infected by Vibrio alginolyticus （V. alginolyticus） and Viral Nervous Necrotic （VNN）. Dilution test was used to measure antibacterial activity of N. oculata extracts. Antioxidant activity of extracts was expressed by levels of MDA （Malondialdehyde） and SOD （superoxide dismutase） in the brain and kidneys of fish. Antiviral capability of N. oculata was determined by the expression of cellular immune cells Major Histocompatibility Complex （MHC） Class I for proliferation and inhibition of VNN in blood cells with immunocytochemistry. The results showed that N. oculata extract was able to suppress the growth of V. alginolyticus at a concentration of 40%. Increasing levels of SOD and reducing level of MDA indicated that N. oculata extracts may serve as an antibacterial and antioxidant. Providing cellular response of MHC class I cell expressed on C. altive/is blood cells, N. oculata demonstrated its antiviral activity.

Sustained virologic response following HCV eradication in two brothers with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia

X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a humoral immunodeficiency syndrome characterized from childhood by the absence of circulating B lymphocytes, absent or reduced levels of serum immunoglobulin and recurrent bacterial infections. For many affected patients, regular treatment with immunoglobulin is life saving. Hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection acquired through contaminated blood products is widely described in this patient cohort. The natural history of HCV infection in patients with XLA tends to follow a more rapid and aggressive course compared to immunocompetent individuals. Furthermore, standard anti-viral therapy appears to be less efficacious in this patient cohort. Here we report the cases of two brothers with XLA who contracted HCV through contaminated blood products. They were treated with a six month course of Interferon alpha-2b and Ribavirin. We report a sustained virologic response five years after completing treatment.

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria on Tomato Surfaces and Effectiveness of Disinfectants in Reducing the Microbial Load

This study was conducted to isolate and identify antibiotic resistant bacteria in fresh tomato sold in three different local markets of Dhaka city. On an average 〉 5.0 log CFU/g of natural microbial populations and coliform bacteria was present in the samples. Prevalence of Salmonella spp., E. coli, Listeria spp., and Yersinia spp., were recorded through cultivation dependent assay of tomato samples of different markets. Almost all of the isolates were uniformly resistant to rifampicin, erythromycin, clindamycin and oxacillin （100%）, vancomycin （93%）, amoxicillin （87%）, whereas 60% of the isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin and cephalexin. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the presumptive E. coli and Salmonella spp. and corresponding plasmid profiling indicated a correlation of plasmid mediated multidrug resistance （MDR） of these environmental bacteria. Washing with sanitizing agents such as acidified sodium chlorite （ASC） and 200 ppm chlorinated water was able to reduce _〈 2.0 log CFU/g of natural microflora and coliform bacteria. In contrast, ASC was able to reduce 〈 2.0 log CFU/g of other food borne pathogens and, chlorinated water was able to reduce up to undetectable level. Therefore, washing of tomato with 200 ppm chlorinated water could be useful in reducing the pathogen populations on tomatoes.

Preparation and characterization of the anti-virus and anti-bacteria composite air filter materials

The anti-virus and anti-bacteria active components were extracted from some Chinese medicine,such as the honeysuckle,forsythia and the licorice.Using a w/o/w emulsion method,the active components were fabricated to uniform particulate microcapsule with sustained-release properties.The polypropylene punched felt was finished with the finishing agent of microcapsule,nano ZnO and TiO 2 and polymer adhesive,and the composite air filter with anti-virus and anti-bacteria properties were formed,staphylococcus aureus,colibacillus and candida albicans were applied to antibacterial experiments.The results indicate that the anti-bacteria rate are all 100%,and the virus inactivation rate also reaches 100% to pandemic influenza A virus.