大粒优质晚熟抗病葡萄新品种——高妻

高妻葡萄由日本长野县的山越幸男氏用先锋×森田尼杂交育成,欧美杂交种,四倍体。1992年经日本农林水产省注册。我们于1995年2月从韩国新世界育种园引入该品种接穗嫁接在巨峰大树上,株、行距2m×4m,小棚架栽培。1997年进入丰产期,平均株产26kg,折合每666.7m^2产量2158kg。因其品质好。

Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Antibiotics Resistance of Community-acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The purpose of this investigation is to study the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the condition of antibiotics resistance of the clinical isolates in order to guide for the rational use of antibiotics. With the clinical isolates from cases of hospital-acquired MRSA at the same period as controls, the clinical characteristics of infections by community-acquired MRSA in Hangzhou area and the pattern of non-β-lactamase antibiotics resistance were determined in this study. It was found that the average age of patients with community-acquired MRSA infections was 30.89±13.3, in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired patients of 56.0±11.8, appearing to be younger than those of the latter, and the former showing no any basic illness. Both of the former and the latter were sensitive to vancomycin (100% vs 100%), and they had the same degrees of sensitivity to rifampicin, fosfomycin, and STM/TMP (86.8% vs 88.1%, P >0.05; 81.6% vs 82.9%, P >0.05; and 52.6% vs 61.9%, P >0.05, respectively). The former was more sensitive to netimycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and minocycline than those of the latter (73.7% vs 50.5%, P <0.01; 60.5% vs 45.7%, P <0.05; 28.9% vs 11.4%, P <0.01; and 81.6% vs 58.6%, P <0.01 respectively). Meanwhile, the incidence of multi-resistant strain of isolates in the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (31.6% vs 81.0%, P <0.01). In conclusion, it appears that the strains of clinical isolates isolated from patients with the community-acquired MRSA infections show different clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility in comparison with those of the hospital-acquired cases of infection, and this necessitates an alteration in the chemotherapy of infections suspected to be caused by community-acquired MRSA.

Mangiferin ameliorates hyperglycemia by inhibiting oxidation and α-glucosidase activity

Objective： Mangiferin （MF） is a polyphenol isolated from the root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.. This study wasaimed to investigate the effects of MF on hyperglycemia in animal models of insulin resistance and streptozotocin（STZ）-induced diabetes. Methods： The diabetes mellitus model was established in mice by receiving a multiplehypodermic injection of hydrocortisone sodium succinate （HCSS） （70 mg/kg） or a single intravenous injection of STZ（130 mg/kg）. Meanwhile MF at different dosage （50, 100 and 200 mg/kg） were oral administrated for consecutive 10days. Data of blood glucose were collected at different time after intraperitoneal injection of insulin （0.5 U/kg） toinvestigate the insulin resistant. As well as the oxygen radical absorbance capacity （ORAC） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of kidney were measured. The in vitro experiment was established to investigate the inhibitory capacity ofMF to α-glucosidase. Results： Oral administration of MF significantly prevented insulin resistance caused by HCSSinjection. STZ-induced diabetic symptoms were also improved, including fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin,plasma triglycerides, hepatic glycogen, kidney SOD and ORAC level. The in vitro experiment demonstrated that MF hadpotent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusion： The obtained results demonstrate that MF ameliorates insulinresistance and STZ-induced glucose metabolism disturbance. The MF exerts the protective effects through improving theantioxidant ability, promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis and inhibiting α-glucosidase activity.

Study of the Effects of FFA and Obesity on Diabetes Through Numerical Simulation of the Mathematical Model

Aim of the study is to analyze the effect of FFA together with the obesity on the glucose - insulin dynamics of NIDD people through a mathematical model. An attempt has been made to capture the glucose and insulin concentration levels for NIDD people having raised level of FFA and obesity through numerical simulation of the model. It has been observed fi＇om the simulation of the model that elevated level of plasma FFA inhibit glucose uptake, glucose utilization, decrease insulin sensitivity and increase insulin resistance in NIDD people in comparison to the normal people.

Effect of the Concentration of Spirulina platensis on the Growth of Bifidobacterium breve

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the influence of Spirulina platensis on the growth of Bifidobacteium breve in the infantile milk. The authors used a stump of Bifidobacterium breve isolated from the new saddles which was born after identification and characterization. The follow-up of the kinetics of growth of B. breve in the milk enriched by various concentrations of Spirulina （0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL） was realized, and the authors estimated the antimicrobial effect of the cultures realised on three pathogenic bacteria： a bacteria isolated from saddles ＂Salmonella ssp.＂, two reference stumps ＂Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923＂ and ＂Escherichia coli ATCC25922＂. The growth rate was 0.11 hl for the culture of B. breve associated with Spirulina （10 mg/mL）, 0.09 hl for the culture of B. breve enriched with Spirulina （5 mg/mL） and 0.08 hl for the culture of B. breve enriched with Spirulina （1 mg/mL）. In the case of the pure culture of B. breve, the growth rate was 0.07 h1. The authors observed inhibitory effects of B. breve in the various cultures towards the considered pathogenic bacteria. The optimal antimicrobial activity was observed in the preculture bifid with the algae culture （10 mg/mL） towards Salmonella ssp. （Zi = 25 mm）, S. aureus ATCC25923 （Zi = 26 mm） and E. coli ATCC25922 （Zi = 28 mm）.

国外农业新技术

据美国《农业研究》报道．最近在墨西哥中部发现的一种马铃薯野生近亲系，是抗马铃薯晚疫病致病真菌的良好来源。美国农业科技人员已研制出一种新方法。

Preparation and characterization of the anti-virus and anti-bacteria composite air filter materials

The anti-virus and anti-bacteria active components were extracted from some Chinese medicine,such as the honeysuckle,forsythia and the licorice.Using a w/o/w emulsion method,the active components were fabricated to uniform particulate microcapsule with sustained-release properties.The polypropylene punched felt was finished with the finishing agent of microcapsule,nano ZnO and TiO 2 and polymer adhesive,and the composite air filter with anti-virus and anti-bacteria properties were formed,staphylococcus aureus,colibacillus and candida albicans were applied to antibacterial experiments.The results indicate that the anti-bacteria rate are all 100%,and the virus inactivation rate also reaches 100% to pandemic influenza A virus.

Insulin sources and types: a review of insulin in terms of its mode on diabetes mellitus

Insulin is involved in regulation of glucose utilization in the body. Inability of the body to synthesize insulin or human cells resistance to insulin leads to a condition called Diabetes mellitus which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. There are two types of diabetes; type 1 and type 2. Exogenous supply of insulin is needed consistently for type 1diabetes treatment and type 2 diabetes also needs to be cured by the exogenous supply of insulin in advance stages of the disease. These sources have been proved very useful to meet the needs of the patients. However, these insulin types are expensive for the large population of patients in the developing countries. Furthermore, the incidence of diabetes is advancing at an alarming rate. Hence production systems with even higher capabilities of production are desired. Therefore, currently plants are being investigated as alternative production systems. Based on the mode of action of insulin various formulations of insulin have been developed that have different onset of action, peak effect and duration of action according to the needs of the patients.