盐城市家蝇对常用化学杀虫剂抗药性的研究

为掌握家蝇对常用化学杀虫剂抗药性现状及发展趋势，在１９９１年市区家蝇抗性调查的基础上，１９９５～１９９７年对全市家蝇的抗药性进行了监测。１材料１．１测试药品９５．０％敌敌畏、９２．０％二氯苯醚菊酯、９５．６８％氯氰菊酯和９８．０％溴氰菊酯，由江苏省卫...

Study on Application of Microbial Ecological Agents, Replacements for Antibiotics, in Weaned Piglet Production

In order to investigate the appIication effects of microbial ecoIogical agents as repIacements for antibiotics in weaned pigIets, a total of 120 28 d oId healthy Duroc ＆#215;Landrace ＆#215;Large White weaned pigIets with simiIar bogy weights and body fats and cIose birth dates were seIected. They were randomIy divided into three groups, incIuding controI group （CK）, antibiotic group （A） and microbial ecoIogical agent group （MEA）. The growth performance, health status and economic benefits of the weaned pigIets were measured. The resuIts showed that the A and MEA groups couId better enhance the immunity of weaned pigIets and improve the economic benefits in the whoIe experimental period compared to the CK group （P〈0.01）. How-ever, there were no significant differences in pigIet immunity and economic benefits between the A and MEA groups （P〉0.05）. It is indicated that the Rujunbao, a mi-crobial ecoIogical agent, can be promoted in weaned pigIet production as a repIace-ment for antibiotic.

Major Cultivation Technology of HQ No.1, a New Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivar

The transplanting period, density, the number of left leaves and fertilizer amounts of HQ No.1 were explored in Hengyang. The results showed that with transplanting periods of March 5-March 15, and planting space of 120 cmx（50-60） cm, agronomic and economic characters of tobaccos showed insignificant differences. Specifically, plant height was growing upon the number of left leaf and fertilizer amount; tobacco yield and output value kept increasing upon fertilizer, and both reached maximums with pure N at 195 kg/hm^2, showing significant differences with the treatment of pure N at 135 kg/hm^2; the number of left leaf had the least effects on agronomic and economic characters of tobaccos. The research indicated that highly-qualified HQ No.1 can be produced, given that tobaccos are transplanted during March 10-March 15, planting density of 15 000-16 500 seedlings/hm^2, the number of left leaves of 22-24 leaves per seedling, and pure N of 150-165 kg/hm^2 in Hengyang.

Antimicrobial management of intra-abdominal infections:Literature's guidelines

Antimicrobial management of severe intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) involves a delicate balance of optimizing empirical therapy,which has been shown to improve clinical outcomes,while simultaneously reducing unnecessary antimicrobial use.Two sets of guidelines for the management of intra-abdominal infections were recently published.In 2010,the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (SIS-IDSA) created guidelines for the diagnosis and management of complicated IAIs.The new SIS-IDSA guidelines replace those previously published in 2002 and 2003.The World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines represent additional contributions,made by specialists worldwide,to the debate regarding proper antimicrobial drug methodology.These guidelines represent the conclusions of the consensus conference held in Bologna,Italy,in July 2010 during the first congress of the WSES.

Primary classification on drillability of frozen soil using neural networks

Through analysis on drillability of frozen soil, it is concluded that the main factors affecting the drillability of frozen soil are temperature, wave velocity, impact inductility and chiseling specific work. Based on the foundation it is discussed that applying the neural networks method to classify the drillability of frozen soil is simple and feasible, and the inputted vectors quantity of networks don’t be restricted, which make the classification on drillability of frozen soil rather well match the objective practice.

The application of elastic impedance inversion in reservoir prediction at the Jinan area of Tarim Oilfield

The Triassic reservoir in the Jinan area of Tarim Oilfield consists largely of interbedded sand and shale. Because of the large overlap between sandstone and shale impedance, it is difficult to distinguish sandstone from shale by acoustic impedance alone. Compared to acoustic impedance, elastic impedance contains more lithologic and physical information of the reservoir. Based on meticulous well-tie calibration, elastic impedance data volumes for 10°, 20°, and 30° emergence angles are obtained using pre-stack elastic impedance inversion. A non-linear statistical relationship between elastic impedance and shale content is set up by a PNN neural network. The non-linear mapping relationship is used to predict the reservoir shale content from elastic impedance, which will depict and predict the reservoir oil-bearing sands.

In-vitro anticoagulant activity of fucoidan derivatives from brown seaweed Laminaria japonica

Fucoidan, a group of sulfated heteropolysaccharides, was extracted from Laminaria japonica, an important economic alga species in China. The anticoagulant activity of fucoidan and its derivatives (including sulfated, phosphorylated, and aminated fucoidan) was examined using in-vitro anticoagulant systems. The correlation between chemical variations within the fucoidan group and anticoagulant activity was determined. The in-vitro anticoagulant properties of fucoidan and its derivatives were determined by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). The results indicate anticoagulant activity in all samples using APTT and TT assays; however, only the fucoidan derivatives affected the PT assay. Thus, the fucoidan derivatives were able to inhibit both intrinsic and extrinsic blood coagulants. Fucoidan (FPS) and its derivatives presented better anticoagulant activity than low molecular weight fucoidan (DFPS) and its derivatives, suggesting that molecular weight and proper conformation are contributing factors for anticoagulant activity of polysaccharides. Amino groups have a positive charge and can thus change the charge density of fucoidan. Accordingly, among the tested samples, aminated fucoidan (NF) was the most active reflecting the importance of charge density for anticoagulant activity. Available data obtained using in-vitro models suggest that the sulfate content, sulfate/total-sugar ratio, molecular weight, and the substituted group of fucoidan are important factors for anticoagulant activity but that the influence of sulfate, phosphate and amino groups on anticoagulant activity was different.

Research on steel-fibber polymer concrete machine tool structure

Researched on the design and manufacturing of machine tool bed made by Steel-fibber Polymer Concrete(SFPC),which analyzed the static,dynamic and thermal performances of the bed.The results of study prove that machine tool bed made with SFPC is much more superiority than made in cast iron in dynamic and thermal perform- ances,and is more superiority then made in Polymer Concrete (PC) in static perform- ances.It can be concluded that the static,dynamic and thermal properties of machine tool can be improved by manufacturing machine tool bed with SFPC.Also SFPC machine tool bed posses some other advantages in the following: short development time,simple pro- duction process,reducing cost cost,saving energy,iron and steel.

Capecitabine plus cisplatin treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective： Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer related death globally. Parentral treatment of Egyptian patients of bilharziasis contributed to the high incidence of viral hepatitis, and subsequently liver cirrhosis and HCC. CapecJtabJne plus cJsplatJn protocol was evaluated regarding the efficacy and safety in patients with advanced HCC as first line chemotherapy. Methods： One hundred patients with advanced HCC were randomized to receive either capecitabine （1000 mg/m2） twice daily for fourteen days plus intravenous cisplatin （60 mg/m2） on day one to be repeated every three weeks with a maximum of six cycles or placebo （phase III trial）. Results： Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. According to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System, stage C was the most predominant （82% vs. 75%） in both groups. Median OS was 12 months versus 10 months in favor of the treated group （P value 〈 0.05）. Median TTP was significantly higher in the chemotherapy group （7 months vs. 4.5 months） as well as disease control rate （40% vs. 29%）, no patient had achieved complete response. Grade 3 toxicity was more pronounced in the treatment group, as regards vomiting and diarrhea （10% vs. 2%）, neurotoxicity （6% vs. 2%）, elevation of aminotransferase and bilirubin （9.8% vs. 4.9%）, hand and foot syndrome reaction was recorded only in chemotherapy group. Conclusion： Capecitabine plus cisplatin regimen showed modest antitumor activity with tolerable toxicity in patients with advanced HCC. Moreover, because of the significantly prolonged time to progression, we demand further attention to this convenient, outpatient, and economic profile based chemotherapy protocol.

Differentiation induced by physiological and pharmacological stimuli leads to increased antigenicity of human neuroblastoma cells

Sympathetic neuronal differentiation is associated with favorable prognosis of neuroblastoma （NB）, the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of early childhood. Differentiation agents have proved useful in clinical protocols of NB treatment, but using them as a sole treatment is not sufficient to induce tumor elimination in patients. Therefore, complementary approaches, such as immunotherapy, are warranted. Here we demonstrate that differentiation of NB cell lines and ex vivo isolated tumor cells in response to physiological or pharmacological stimuli is associated with acquisition of increased antigenicity. This manifests as increased expression of surface major histocompatibility class I complexes and ICAM-1 molecules and translates into increased sensitivity of NB cells to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes （CTLs） and natural killer （NK） cells. The latter is paralleled by enhanced ability of differentiated cells to form immune conjugates and bind increased amounts of granzyme B to the cell surface. We demonstrate, for the first time, that, regardless of the stimulus applied, the differentiation state in NBs is associated with increased tumor antigenicity that enables more efficient elimination of tumor cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes and paves the way for combined application of differentiation-inducing agents and immunotherapy as an auxiliary approach in NB patients.

A Woman with Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures and Pelvic Mass

MOST cases of encephalitis are caused by viruses but a few have an immunological basis, such as paraneoplastic encephalitis, with specific antibodies identified. One recently characterized encephalitis caused by antibodies is anti-N- methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor encephalitis. It is a form of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma and has recently been described.The NMDA receptor mediates excitatory neurotransmission. It is important for synaptic plasticity, and thus for higher function such as learning and memory. This disorder results in prominent psychiatric symptoms followed by a rapid decline of the level of consciousness, central hypoventilation, seizures, involuntary movements and dysautonomia.

Antigenicity and Hemaglutination Activity of a Recombinant Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase of Paramyxovirus Tianjin Strain

Paramyxovirus Tianjin strain, a new genotype of Sendai virus, was isolated from the lungs of common cotton-eared marmoset that died of severe respiratory infection in the marmoset colonies. The 19.28% IgM positive rate in the young children with acute respiratory tract infection suggested a close relationship between Tianjin strain and humans. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) is its major transmembrane glycoprotein responsible for viral attachment, penetration and release. To clear the relationship between HN structure and function of paramyxovirus Tianjin strain, rHN1, rHN2 and rHN3 overlapping the ectodomain of HN protein were expressed. Their antigenicity and hemaglutination activity, as well as cross reactivity to standard antisera against influenza virus type A, type B were analyzed. The results indicated expressed rHNs have the natural antigenicity. The segment rHN2 possesses more linear epitopes exposed on the surface of the native HN protein than found in segments rHN3 and rHN1. The hemagglutination activity of segment rHN3 is higher than that of segments rHN2 and rHN1, and partially dependent on the three-dimensional conformation of HN3 protein. Cross-reactivity between rHNs and standard antisera against influenza virus type A, type B suggested that rHNs might not be the best alternative as specific antigens to detect virus in clinical serum specimens.

Prediction of uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity for Travertine samples using regression and artificial neural networks

Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and modulus of elasticity (E) are the most important rock parameters required and determined for rock mechanical studies in most civil and mining projects. In this study, two mathematical methods, regression analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), were used to predict the uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. The P-wave velocity, the point load index, the Schmidt hammer rebound number and porosity were used as inputs for both meth-ods. The regression equations show that the relationship between P-wave velocity, point load index, Schmidt hammer rebound number and the porosity input sets with uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity under conditions of linear rela-tions obtained coefficients of determination of (R2) of 0.64 and 0.56, respectively. ANNs were used to improve the regression re-sults. The generalized regression and feed forward neural networks with two outputs (UCS and E) improved the coefficients of determination to more acceptable levels of 0.86 and 0.92 for UCS and to 0.77 and 0.82 for E. The results show that the proposed ANN methods could be applied as a new acceptable method for the prediction of uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of intact rocks.

Comparison between several multi-parameter seismic inversion methods in identifying plutonic igneous rocks

With the objective of establishing the necessary conditions for 3-D seismic data from a Permian plutonic oilfield in western China, we compared the technology of several multi-parameter seismic inversion methods in identifying igneous rocks. The most often used inversion methods are Constrained Sparse Spike Inversion (CSSI), Artificial Neural Network Inversion (ANN) and GR Pseudo-impedance Inversion. Through the application of a variety of inversion methods with log curves correction, we obtained relatively high-resolution impedance and velocity sections, effectively identifying the lithology of Permian igneous rocks and inferred lateral variation in the lithology of igneous rocks. By means of a comprehensive comparative study, we arrived at the following conclusions: the CSSI inversion has good waveform continuity, and the ANN inversion has lower resolution than the CSSI inversion. The inversion results show that multi-parameter seismic inversion methods are an effective solution to the identification of igneous rocks.

Anticancer and Antifolate Activities of Extracts of Six Saudi Arabian Wild Plants Used in Folk Medicine

Six indigenous folk medicinal plants growing wild in the area of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia which were selected for the study of their phytochemistry as well as their biological activities as antitumor and antifolate agents. Antitumor activities of methanol extracts of the six plants were measured in vitro using three human tumor cell lines （breast, lung and CNS cancers） while antifolate activities were assessed using commercial dihyrofolate reductase obtained from Sigma Co. Among the six plant extracts tested, the most remarkable were those of Caralluma sinaica and Fagonia tenuifolia. Caralluma extract showed strong antitumor activity （low GIso） against the three human tumor cell lines. Fagonia extract, on the other hand, was quite inhibitory to the growth of CNS cancer and breast cancer cell lines but much less so against lung cancer cells. Extracts of both Sonchus oleraceus and Caralluma sinaica were strongly inhibitory to DHFR. These results suggest that the mechanism of anticancer activity of Caralluma plant is through DHFR inhibition but that of Fagonia may follow a different path.

Neuroprotective effect of fucoxanthin on β-amyloid-induced cell death

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is one of the most common cognitive disorders of the elderly. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid that is found in common edible seaweed, and it is considered as a major active compound of marine algae with cancer-preventing, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the ability of fucoxanthin to protect against the β-amyloid protein （Aβ）-induced neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultured neurons and PC12 cells. Neuroprotective effects of fucoxanthin were determined by measuring cell viability and nuclei double-staining with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide following Aβ treatment with or without fucoxanthin. Moreover, we also evaluated its potential mechanism on antioxidation by detecting the total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC）, level of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde （MDA） and activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）. We found that exposure of cortical cultured neurons or PC12 cells to Aβ resulted in neuronal cell death, whereas pre-treatment with fucoxanthin reduced Aβ-induced cell death. The data on the T-AOC, MDA level and SOD activity showed that Aβ treatment resulted in decreases in T-AOC and SOD activity and an increase in MDA level. After fucoxanthin administration, the results of T-AOC, MDA level and SOD activity showed an opposite trend, indicating that T-AOC was increased and MDA level was reduced. These results suggested that fucoxanthin prevented Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through attenuating oxidative stress induced by Aβ. Therefore, fucoxanthin might be useful as a potential preventive or theraoeutic agent for AD.

The effects of pinellia total alkaloids on the amino acid concentration and the GABAA receptor expression in hippocampus region of epileptic rats

The antiepileptic effect of pinellia total alkaloids（PTA） on penicillin（PNC） chronically kindled rats was investigated. We investigated the effects of PTA on Glu,Asp,Gly andγ-aminobutyric acid（GABA） concentrations and the expression level of cerebral GABA_A receptor in hippocampus.The influence of PTA on epilepsy seizure latency and degree in PNC chronically kindled rats were observed.High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was adopted to measure the concentrations of Glu, Asp,Gly and GABA in hippocampus. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to determine the expression of cerebral GABAA receptor mRNA. Compared with normal rats, the levels of GABA and Gly decreased obviously while the level of Glu and Asp increased significantly in model rats. The cerebral GABAA receptor mRNA level was also decreased at the same time. The difference was statistically different compared to the control group. PTA could prolong the latent period of the penicillin induced seizure and weaken the extent of seizure, compared with the model group without PTA treatment. Moreover, PTA increased the level of GABA and the expression level of GABAA receptor, while decreased the level of Glu significantly. However, it had no obvious effect on the level of Gly and Asp. Pre-treatment of PTA can also increase the GABAA receptor mRNA level. In conclusion, PTA could alleviate the PNC chronically kindled rat seizure. It increased the GABA level and the expression of GABAA receptor, and it decreased the Glu concentration.

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Yaotuitong Capsules in experimental rats with chemically induced radicular neuritis

OBJECTIVE:The aims of this study were to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Yaotuitong(translation:low back and leg pain) capsules,a Chinese herbal preparation,and the histological changes it induces in experimental rats with chemically induced radicular neuritis.METHODS:Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal,model,Western medicine,and traditional Chinese medicine groups(n=24 per group).We surgically duplicated a chemical radicular neuritis model to simulate lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.Granuloma formation was measured on postoperative days(PODs) 3,7,14,and 21.Prostaglandin E 2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine(inflammation mediators) levels in the surrounding tissue and the histology of the nerve root were determined on PODs 7 and 14.RESULTS:Yaotuitong capsules significantly reduced prostaglandin E 2(P<0.01) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(P<0.01)levels in tissue surrounding the nerve root.It also inhibited granuloma formation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Yaotuitong capsules have anti-in-flammatory and analgesic effects that can alleviate the discomfort of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.

Inducible regulation of GDNF expression in human neural stem cells

Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） holds promises for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson＇s dis- ease. Human neural stem cells （hNSCs） have proved to be a suitable cell delivery vehicle for the safe and efficient introduction of GDNF into the brain. In this study, we used hNSCs-infected with a lentivirus encoding GDNF and the hygromycin re- sistance gene as such vehicles. A modified tetracycline operator 7 （tetO7） was inserted into a region upstream of the EFI-α promoter to drive GDNF expression. After hygromycin selection, hNSCs were infected with a lentivirus encoding a KRAB-tetracycline repressor fusion protein （TTS）. TTS bound to tetO7 and suppressed the expression of GDNF in hNSCs. Upon administration of doxycycline （Dox） the TTS-tetO7 complex separated and the expression of GDNF resumed. The hNSCs infected with GDNF expressed the neural stem cell specific markers, nestin and sox2, and exhibited no significant change in proliferation rate. However, the rate of apoptosis in hNSCs expressing GDNF was lower compared with normal NSCs in response to actinomycin treatment. Furthermore, a higher percentage of Tuj-I positive cells were obtained from GDNF-producing NSCs under conditions that induced differentiation compared to control NSCs. The inducible expression of GDNF in hNSCs may provide a system for the controllable delivery of GDNF in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

A comparative analysis of simulation approaches for predicting permeability and compressive strength in pervious concrete

Porous concrete plays a crucial role in addressing various environmental challenges and mitigating the impacts of climate change.It proves effective in reducing issues such as flooding,heat phenomena in the earth,and groundwater decline.Typically devoid of sand content,porous concrete’s key attributes lie in its permeability and compressive strength.Accurate prediction of these properties is essential for cost and time savings,ensuring precise proportions of materials in the concrete mixture.This article explores different models,including the linear model(LR),nonlinear model(NLR),and Artificial Neural Network(ANN),to predict and estimate permeability and compressive strength in porous concrete.The analysis incorporates 139 samples from various papers and experimental studies,utilizing significant parameters and variables like water-to-cement ratio,coarse aggregate content,cement content,porosity,and curing time as input variables.Statistical assessments,such as Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Error(MAE),Scatter Index(SI),OBJ value,and coefficient of determination(R^(2)),are employed to assess model performance.The results reveal that the ANN model outperforms other models in forecasting permeability and compressive strength of porous concrete.The SI and OBJ value of the ANN model are lower than those of all other models,indicating superior performance.The robust performance of the ANN model has significant implications for construction applications,ensuring precise material proportions and contributing to the durability of porous concrete structures.The success of the ANN model suggests avenues for refinement,including architecture adjustments and dataset expansion.These findings offer valuable insights into the ongoing efforts to optimize simulation techniques for predicting key properties of construction materials.On the other hand,the use of these models to optimize concrete mix design not only enhances efficiency but also significantly conserves raw materials and reduces energy consumption.These advancements contribute to lowering carbon emissions and promoting sustainable practices in the construc-tion industry.