IL-12抗肿瘤活性的研究进展

IL-12通过调节免疫细胞活性,诱导IFNγ的生成,与IL-2协同作用增强NK细胞、LAK细胞、CTL细胞活性而杀伤肿瘤细胞。此外,IL-12还具有间接抗血管生成作用,与其它抗血管生成药物联合可增强抑制血管生成效果。这表明IL-12在肿瘤生成及转移中具有重要意义。研究IL-12抗血管生成机理,寻找应用IL-12的有效联合治疗方案是一个具有临床应用前景的研究领域。

药品

抗肿瘤口服新药瑞复美在国内上市 生物制药企业新基公司日前宣布，经中国食品药品监督管理总局批准，其治疗多发性骨髓瘤新药瑞复美正式在中国上市。作为新一代免疫调节剂的代表性药物，瑞复美具有独特的双重作用机制。一方面直接抗肿瘤，能抑制肿瘤细胞增殖并诱导肿瘤细胞死亡；另一方面调节免疫功能，激活免疫效应细胞，促进多种抗肿瘤细胞因子的合成。

Cisplatin pretreatment enhances anti-tumor activity of cytokine-induced killer cells

AIM： To investigate whether cisplatin （DDP） enhances the anti-tumor activity of cytokine- induced killer （CIK） cells in a murine colon adenocarcinoma model. METHODS： Tumor size and weight served as indicators of therapeutic response. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration and tumor microvessel density. Changes in the percentage of regulatory T （Treg） cells within the spleens of tumor-bearing mice preconditioned with DDP were monitored using flow cytometry. RESULTS： A marked T cell-dependent, synergistic anti- tumor effect of the combined therapy was observed （1968 ± 491 mm3 ys 3872 ＋ 216 mm3; P = 0,003）, Preconditioning chemotherapy with DDP augmented the infiltration of CD3＋ T lymphocytes into the tumor mass and reduced the percentage of both intratumoral and splenic Treg cells. CONCLUSION： Preconditioning with DDP markedly enhances the efficacy of adoptively transferred CIK cells, providing a potential clinical modality for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer.

Role of Adiponectin and Its Receptors in Cancer

Adiponectin(APN),a novel hormone/cytokine derived from adipocyte tissue,is involved in various physiological functions. Genetics,nutrition,and adiposity are factors contributing to circulating plasma concentrations of APN.Clinical correlation studies have shown that lower levels of serum APN are associated with increased malignancy of various cancers,such as breast and colon cancers,suggesting that APN has a role in tumorigenesis.APN affects insulin resistance,thus further influencing cancer development. Tumor cells may express receptors for APN.Cellular signaling is the mechanism by which APN exerts its host-protective responses. These factors suggest that serum APN levels and downstream signaling targets of APN may serve as potential diagnostic markers for malignancies.Further research is necessary to clarify the exact role of APN in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Experimental study on mechanism and rarity of metastases in skeletal muscle

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reasons for the rarity of metastases in skeletal muscle. METHODS: By injecting tumor cells (Walker256 rat carcinosarcoma) through the iliac artery (experimental group) and the tail vein (control group), animal models of blood-borne metastases were established. The quadriceps femoris muscle and lungs were observed grossly and microscopically. Immunohistochemistry was applied to investigate the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the microvascular endothelium of these organs. Primary culture of rat skeletal muscle cells was established and conditioned medium (MCM) was collected. Effects of MCM on several tumor cell lines and the biochemical characteristics of skeletal muscle delivered tumor factor(s) were tested by MTT assay. Apoptosis and morphological examination were carried out to investigate the antitumor mechanisms of MCM. RESULTS: In the experimental group, there were no definite metastases observed in muscle cells. In the control group, lung metastases were present in the lungs of all rats that were sacrificed at the 14th day or died spontaneously (17 rats in all). There was no significant difference between the increase in VCAM-1 in quadriceps femoris muscle 7 days after iliac artery injection and that in lungs 7 days after tail vein injection (P > 0.05). In vitro studies showed that the proliferation of tumor cell lines of mouse SP2/0 myeloma, rat Walker256 carcinosarcoma or human chronic granulocytic leukemia K562, human acute lymphatic leukemia HL-60, LS-174-T colon adenocarcinoma, PC3-M prostatic carcinoma and lung giant cell carcinoma with different metastatic potency (PLA801-C with low metastatic potency, PLA801-D with high metastatic potency) was significantly inhibited when cultured with MCM (P

Curative effect of Xuebijing injection on severe pulmonary contusion

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the curative effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection, a Chinese patent medi- cine, on severe pulmonary contusion （PC）. METHODS： Sixty-three patients with PC were ran- domized to conventional therapy plus XBJ injec- tion （n=33） or conventional therapy alone （n=30）. Between groups differences in corticosteroid treat- ment, immune regulation therapy, hemofiltration, infusion volume, transfusion volume and antibiotic period were measured, as were intensive care unit（ICU）-free time, ventilation time, 28-day mortality rate and incidence of ventilation-associated pneu- monia （VAP）. Serum concentrations of procalcito- nin （PCT）, tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleu- kin （IL）-6, and 11_-10, white blood cell （WBC） counts and percentages of human leukocyte antigen DR/ CD14＋ （HLA-DR/CD14＋） peripheral blood mononu- clear cells were compared. Markers of ventilation were determined by blood gas analysis and ventila- tor parameters. RESULTS： WBC counts and serum concentrations of PCT, TNF-a, 11.-6 and IL-10 were reduced signifi- cantly more quickly, and CD14＋ percentage was in- creased significantly earlier, in the XBJ group than in the control group （P〈0.05 each）. The level of ven- tilation and oxygenation index were ameliorated earlier in the XBJ than in the control group （P〈 0.05）. XBJ treatment significantly reduced ICU-free time, ventilation time and incidence of VAP （P〈0.05 each）, but had no effect on 28-day mortality rate （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： XBJ treatment can shorten ICU-free and ventilation times and reduce the incidence of VAP, improving outcomes in patients with severe PC. XBJ may act by regulating inflammation and im- munity, alleviating systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by trauma.