混凝土的抗空蚀强度

本文研究了混凝土的抗空蚀强度，构造了混凝土抗空蚀强度的表达式和空蚀率的表达式．

海藻多糖抗蚀剂对土壤抗剪与入渗特性的影响

施用土壤抗蚀剂是提升土壤流失治理效果的有效途径之一,现有材料生态效益不能满足耕地的使用需求,寻找生态效益优良的新型土壤抗蚀材料是目前的研究热点与关键。该研究以土壤内源性多糖—海藻多糖为基材制得的土壤抗蚀材料为对象,通过直剪试验、土壤崩解试验与变水头入渗试验分析施用量、养护时间对土壤抗剪、入渗等特性的影响,以探讨其防治耕地水土流失的潜质。试验结果表明,海藻多糖抗蚀剂可以在较大程度上提升土壤内聚力,在相同养护时间下,土壤内聚力与其施用浓度呈正相关;在同一施用浓度下,土壤内聚力随养护时间延长而增加,短时养护就能取得较好效果。施用浓度与养护时间对内摩擦角的影响较小,施用海藻多糖抗蚀剂后内摩擦角仅小幅增加。土壤抗崩解性随施用浓度的增加而增加,少量施用就能取得良好效果,在施用浓度0.25%时,土壤崩解系数减少66.1%,当施用浓度达到1%时,试验条件下没有崩解发生。渗透系数随施用浓度增加先增加后减小,于0.25%时达到最大值2.86×10^-5 cm/s,于1%时达到最小值0.91×10^-5 cm/s,都属中等透水层。对固土机理进行了探讨,并通过扫描电镜测试进行验证,结果表明海藻多糖抗蚀剂可通过土壤孔隙渗透扩散到土体内部,包裹土壤颗粒,进而利用自聚交联、凝胶固结在土壤表面和孔隙形成网状膜结构,增强土壤颗粒间的连接,提升土体强度。该研究结果表明,海藻多糖抗蚀剂可有效提升土壤抗蚀性,可拓宽坡耕地土壤侵蚀防治材料的选择范围。

长江三峡坝区河谷深槽的地貌特征及其成因

通过实地观察,分析三峡工程坝区河谷深槽的地貌特征,并在此基础上,对三峡深槽的成因及其发育年代进行探讨。结果表明:（1）三峡坝区河谷深槽是在三峡地区构造抬升过程中,水流顺构造裂隙强烈侵蚀下切而形成的;对深槽堆积物中朽木进行的14C测年表明,三峡深槽的深切侵蚀大约发生在30～40kaBP;（2）三峡深槽的向下深切主要是急流（特别是漩流）携带岩砾对槽底进行研磨、掏蚀作用形成的;三峡坝区坝上深槽中的岩礁和左壁以及坝下深槽的右壁还受到急流携带岩砾的撞击、冲蚀、磨蚀和下沉流的垂向磨蚀作用;坝下深槽的左壁则是发育了深槽之后,由槽壁岩石的减压张裂及其水下的坍塌而拓展形成的;（3）深槽的平面延伸受到纵向裂隙构造的控制,最容易发生强烈深切的位置,则受到横向裂隙与纵向裂隙的受切部位控制;深槽中的深潭向下深切所能达到的深度,主要与局部水势的变化及床底岩石抗蚀强度的差异有关,其深度不受海面高度的限制。

Mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors of Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn-0.2Ca alloy after long term in vitro degradation

An extruded Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn-0.2Ca alloy was developed as potential biodegradable bone-plate due to its excellent biocompatibility.Long term in vitro immersion in Hank’s solution and bending test were used to evaluate the degradability and the mechanical integrity of the alloy.The results revealed that the degradation rate of the bone-plate increased in the first 7 days and then decreased with the prolonged immersion time before it finally reached a steady stage(about 0.84 mm/a)after immersion for 90 days.The bending strength after immersion for 60 days was 67.6 MPa,indicating that the bone-plate could support certain mechanical load after long term degradation.The formation of corrosion pits after degradation stemmed from the separation of the continuously distributed second phases from Mg matrix under the action of micro-galvanic couples.As a result,the mechanical performance of Mg-4Zn-0.2Mn-0.2Ca alloy was aggravated owing to the corrosion holes on its surface.

Study on Original Ecological Tridimensional Slope Vegetation

No matter from the perspective of slope protection, landscape effect and construction cost, or from the perspective of ecological benefit, the development of original ecological tridimensional vegetation has become the inevitable trend for slope vegetation in pursuit of protecting ecological condition, decreasing soil erosion, maintaining ecological balance and beautifying environment of slope. The concept of original ecological tridimensional slope vegetation is proposed in this paper, and the original ecological tridimensional slope vegetation is studied through theoretical analysis and experiments. Specifically, the mechanical effect of slope vegetation in reinforcing the cohesion and shear strength of soil mass is firstly discussed, and then experiments are performed to study the water interception and containing function of slope under various vegetation conditions. Moreover, the relation between soil moisture and cohesion, the relation between root distribution density and cohesion, and the relation between root distribution density and soil shear strength are also studied based on experiments.Finally, based on field observation, the soil erosion states of slope under various vegetation conditions are comparatively studied. It is found that the original ecological tridimensional slope, which combines grass,shrub and tree, can generate comprehensive slope protection effects, and hence strengthen the slope protection ability and bring multiple slope protection benefits. Thereby, the theoretical foundation for developing original ecological tridimensional slope vegetation is established.

Damage model of fresh concrete in sulphate environment

A model of damage to fresh concrete in a corrosive sulphate environment was formulated to investigate how and why the strength of corroded concrete changes over time. First, a corroded concrete block was divided into three regions: an expanded and dense region; a crack-development region; and a noncorroded region. Second, based on the thickness of the surface corrosion layer and the rate of loss of compressive strength of the corroding region, a computational model of the concrete blocks' corrosion-resistance coefficient of compressive strength in a sulphate environment was generated. Third, experimental tests of the corrosion of concrete were conducted by immersing specimens in a corrosive medium for 270 d. A comparison of the experimental results with the computational formulae shows that the calculation results and test results are in good agreement. A parameter analysis reveals that the corrosion reaction plays a major role in the corrosion of fresh concrete containing ordinary Portland cement,but the diffusion of the corrosion medium plays a major role in the corrosion of concrete mixtures containing fly ash and sulphate-resistant cement. Fresh concrete with a high water-to-cement ratio shows high performance during the whole experiment process whereas fresh concrete with a low water-to-cement ratio shows poor performance during the late experiment period.

The compressive strength experimental study of cemented soil under H2SO4 corrosive in earlier period

In order to simulate and study the erosion effect process such as the changes of corrosive depth and unconfined compression strength of cemented soil sample in earlier period from 0 day to 60 days, a series of tests including unconfined compressive tests, measuring the blocks＇ sizes, and taking photos, are conducted on the cemented soil blocks which were cured in different concentrations of H2SO4 solutions. The results of tests show that the corrosive depth is increasing and the unconfined compression strength is decreasing with the increase of H2SO4 solution concentration at the same erosion time, and the corrosive degree is increasing with the corrosive time. In the earlier state, the corrosive effect is serious, but the effect becomes slow in the later state in the same concentrated H2SO4 solution. After take statistics the date, a coefficient a is put forward to predict the reduction of the compressive strength of cemented soil in various concentration of H2SO4 solution, which could be used in practical design.