头颈部鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck,SCCHN)是头颈部肿瘤最为常见的一种类型,其疾病负担较重。SCCHN患者中,90%以上高表达表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR),因此通过单克隆抗体特...头颈部鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck,SCCHN)是头颈部肿瘤最为常见的一种类型,其疾病负担较重。SCCHN患者中,90%以上高表达表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR),因此通过单克隆抗体特异性地与EGFR结合,是抑制EGFR信号转导的一种重要方法。目前多种基于EGFR受体及其通路相关的靶向药物中,西妥昔单抗是唯一疗效确切的药物,已于2020年2月在中国获批用于一线治疗复发/转移性SCCHN(recurrent/metastatic SCCHN,R/M SCCHN),随着西妥昔单抗逐步应用于临床,中国晚期SCCHN患者整体的治疗模式将不断得到优化和提升。值得注意的是,虽然靶向和免疫药物在SCCHN的治疗中取得了很大的进展,但仍然存在很多挑战,其中西妥昔单抗治疗R/M SCCHN在EGFR检测、药物应用时机、联合方案和应用剂量以及不良反应管理等方面尚未达成共识。本共识就西妥昔单抗用于R/M SCCHN一线、二线以及联合免疫治疗时的疗效和安全性,结合文献及中国临床实践进行阐述,并对相关治疗方案予以推荐,希望对西妥昔单抗规范化治疗SCCHN患者及优化临床实践提供指导。经过多轮商议和探讨,共识小组的专家汇总出以下推荐意见。在分子检测方面,R/M SCCHN患者无需常规检测EGFR以指导临床实践,抗EGFR单克隆抗体通过抑制EGFR信号转导起到抗肿瘤作用。一线治疗中,对于铂类药物耐受患者,建议6个周期的西妥昔单抗联合顺铂75 mg/m^(2),5-FU 750 mg/m^(2)治疗,疾病缓解或稳定后继续接受西妥昔单抗单药维持治疗至疾病进展;对于有5-FU治疗禁忌证、持续静脉输液不方便、二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase,DPD)缺乏症及治疗依从性差的患者,建议4个周期的西妥昔单抗联合铂类药物(顺铂75 mg/m^(2),每3周1次)+多西他赛(75 mg/m^(2),每3周1次)治疗,疾病缓解或稳定后继续接受西妥昔单抗单药维持治疗至疾病进展;对于铂类药物不耐受的患者,建议西妥昔单抗联合紫杉醇每周方案治疗,直至疾病进展;对于身体状况良好的老年患者,建议西妥昔单抗+卡铂+5-FU治疗6个周期后,使用西妥昔单抗维持治疗。多个临床研究和真实世界数据均显示,西妥昔单抗联合化疗一线治疗显示出一致的高客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)和生存获益。二线治疗中,对于一线含铂类药物化疗方案治疗失败的患者,建议西妥昔单抗单药治疗或联合紫杉醇每周方案治疗;对于一线免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitor,ICI)治疗失败的患者,建议西妥昔单抗联合化疗方案,其中联合药物应基于之前的药物暴露加以调整。安全性方面,西妥昔单抗治疗方案相关的常见不良事件包括皮肤反应、输液反应和电解质紊乱。多数皮肤反应是轻度的,可以通过预防措施加以控制,在西妥昔单抗停药或减少剂量后,这些不良反应通常会消失而无后遗症。输液反应可通过输注前预防、输注时及输注后密切监测和及时干预加以有效控制。与单纯化疗相比,西妥昔单抗治疗相关的不良反应通常耐受性良好并且可接受。此外,西妥昔单抗联合免疫治疗或新型靶向药物的应用正在探索中,未来将为R/M SCCHN患者带来更多选择。展开更多
Epidermolytic acanthoma is an uncommon benign tumour mainly characterized histologically by a prominent epidermolytic degeneration of the keratinocytes of the upper layers of the stratum spinosum and of the stratum gr...Epidermolytic acanthoma is an uncommon benign tumour mainly characterized histologically by a prominent epidermolytic degeneration of the keratinocytes of the upper layers of the stratum spinosum and of the stratum granulosum. The absence of desmosome involvement allows to differentiate this condition from others such as acantholytic acanthoma. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of a 54- year- old male patient exhibiting disseminated scrotal, gluteal, inguinal and perineal epidermolytic acanthomas.展开更多
A 46- year- old Brazilian man, with initial pustular lesions, neutrophilic spongiosis and subcorneal cleavage evolved to an atypical pemphigus phenotype, with suprabasal acantholysis. Interestingly, his autoantibody p...A 46- year- old Brazilian man, with initial pustular lesions, neutrophilic spongiosis and subcorneal cleavage evolved to an atypical pemphigus phenotype, with suprabasal acantholysis. Interestingly, his autoantibody profile, tested by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoprecipitation revealed exclusive IgG antidesmoglein 1 antibodies in all phases of the disease.展开更多
文摘Epidermolytic acanthoma is an uncommon benign tumour mainly characterized histologically by a prominent epidermolytic degeneration of the keratinocytes of the upper layers of the stratum spinosum and of the stratum granulosum. The absence of desmosome involvement allows to differentiate this condition from others such as acantholytic acanthoma. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of a 54- year- old male patient exhibiting disseminated scrotal, gluteal, inguinal and perineal epidermolytic acanthomas.
文摘A 46- year- old Brazilian man, with initial pustular lesions, neutrophilic spongiosis and subcorneal cleavage evolved to an atypical pemphigus phenotype, with suprabasal acantholysis. Interestingly, his autoantibody profile, tested by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoprecipitation revealed exclusive IgG antidesmoglein 1 antibodies in all phases of the disease.
