氰戊菊酯对小鼠脑组织脂质过氧化及抗过氧化能力的影响

氰戊菊酯（Ｆｅｎ）染毒后小鼠脑组织中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ），氧化型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＳＧ）含量显著增加，同时还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量下降，超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）及过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）的活性均不同程度的下降，并呈一定的剂量反应关系。说明氰戊菊酯可能是脂质过氧化的引发剂。

复方沙棘2号颗粒对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机理探讨

目的 :研究复方沙棘 2号颗粒对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及作用机理。方法 :线栓法制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。检测脑梗死体积比 ,血清MDA含量 ,血清SOD和GSH Px活性 ,并观察行为学改变。结果 :大鼠脑缺血再罐注后 ,血清MDA含量和脑梗死体积比显著增加 ,SOD和GSH Px活力明显下降。复方沙棘 2号可有效地防止上述改变。结论 :复方沙棘 2号颗粒对脑缺血再灌注损伤有显著保护作用。

Antioxidant activity of chito-oligosaccharides on pancreatic islet cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

AIM:To investigate the antioxidant activity of chitooligosaccharides(COSs)on pancreatic islet cells in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. METHODS:The antioxidant effect of COSs on pancreatic islet cells was detected under optical microscopy and with colorimetric assay and gel electrophoresis.The activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase,total antioxidant capacity,and content of malondialdehyde in serum and tissue slices of pancreas were examined after 60 d to determine the effect of COSs in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. RESULTS:COSs can prohibit the apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells.All concentrations of COSs can improve the capability of total antioxidant capacity and activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease the content of malondialdehyde drastically.Morphological investigation in the pancreas showed that COSs have resulted in the reduction of islets,loss of pancreatic cells,and nuclear pyknosis of pancreatic cells. CONCLUSION:COSs possess various biological activities and can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Synthesis of two new thiazolidines and their hepatoprotective effects

Two new 2-substituted thiazolidine-4（R）-carboxylic acids （TCAs）, 2-glusosaminal-TCA （GIcNH2Cys） and 2-N-acetyl-glueosanlinal-TCA （GlcNAeCys）, were synthesized. Their protective effects against liver toxicity induced by acetaminophen （APAP） were investigated in a mice model. The resuits demonstrate that administration of TCAs （ i. p. , 800 mg/kg） 30 min after APAP challenge efficiently decrease ALF, AST, and LDH levels in liver. GlcNAcCys shows the best proteetive eftects, decreasing ALT, AST and LDH levels to 63%, 18.4% and 37% of the APAP group respectively. Comparison with the control showed that APAP greatly decreases total sulfhydlyl （T-SH） levels （43%）, non-protein hound sulfhydryl （NP-SH） levels （50%） and total antioxidative capabilities （57%） in the liver 24 hr after challenge. TCAs treatments 30min after APAP challenge significantly elevate sulfhydryl levels and total antioxidative capabilities. APAP administration also markedly （P 〈 0.05） increases liver lipid peroxidation to 1.65 and 1.17 times that of the control 4 hr and 24 hr after APAP administration respectively. TCAs treatments can inhibit lipid peroxidation as measured by decreased malondialdehyde （MDA） contents in liver. The histopathological results also further confirm the hepatoprotective effects of TCAs. In conclusion, our data show that TCAs, GleNAcCys particularly, have hepatoprotective anti antioxidant etfects.

Purification and Antioxidant Activities of Phycocyanin from Spirulina Platensis

This study aimed to purify and determine antioxidant activities of different fractions obtained during the purification process of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis. The dried powder of Spirulina platensis, after ground with sands, was extracted with 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 before centrifuged to precipitate unwanted proteins. Then the supernatant was separated by celit column to obtain semi-pure phycocyanin and further purified by treated with ammonium sulfate. The purity of phycocyanin was monitored by measuring the absorbance spectrum from 200 to 700 nm. Its purity ratio A620A280 was determined. The antioxidant activities of the obtained phycocyanin were determined by 2,2＇-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid） （ABTS） assay and lipid peroxidation （linoleie acid） assay. The purity ratio of phycocyanin in the Spirulina crude extract was 0.36 and increased to 2.68 after purification. The fraction with the highest purity ratio of phycocyanin demonstrated the hightest antioxidant activities. For ABTS assay, it presented the Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity （VCEAC） value of 0.0405 ±0.0002 mg of ascorbic acid/mg of sample and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity （TEAC） value of 0.0485 ±0.0002 mg oftrolox/mg of sample respectively. The result from lipid peroxidation assay exhibited IC50 value of 5.9336 ±0.2565 mg/mL. The purification of Spirulinaplatensis crude extract obtained from this study increased the purity ratio of phycocyanin and its antioxidant activities. This will be further investigated for the development into anti-aging cosmetic products.

Antioxidant system responses in two co-occurring green-tide algae under stress conditions

Green tides have occurred every year from 2007 to 2014 in the Yellow Sea. Ulva prolifera （Mtiller） J. Agardh has been identified as the bloom-forming alga, co-occurring with U. intestinalis. We observed distinct strategies for both algal species during green tides. U.prolifera exhibited a high abundance initially and then decreased dramatically, while U. intestinalis persisted throughout. The antioxidant system responses of these two macroalgae were compared in the late phase of a green tide （in-situ） and after laboratory acclimation. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system responses differed significantly between the two. Malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents increased significantly in-situ in U. prolifera, but not in U. intestinalis. In U. prolifera, we observed a significant decrease in total antioxidant ability （T-AOC）, antioxidant enzymes （SOD and Apx）, and non-enzyme antioxidants （GSH and AsA） in-situ. U. intestinalis showed the same pattern of T-AOC and SOD, but its Gpx, Apx, and GSH responses did not differ significantly. The results suggest that U. prolifera was more susceptible than U. intestinalis to the harsh environmental changes during the late phase of a Yellow Sea green tide. The boom and bust strategy exhibited by U. prolifera and the persistence of U. intestinalis can be explained by differences in enzyme activity and antioxidant systems.

Antioxidant effect of indirect moxibustion on healthy subjects:a pilot study

OBJECTIVE:Moxibustion has long been thought to promote vital energy or immunity through clinical experience.This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects of indirect moxibustion on antioxidant and immunomodulation in a normal population.METHODS:Twenty-five healthy volunteers with no objective or subjective disorders were recruited.The participants were treated with indirect moxibustion on acupoints Guanyuan(CV 4) and Shenque(CV 8) three times per week for 4 weeks.The serum levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and malondialdehyde(MDA),the total antioxidant capacity(TAC),the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase(SOD),and the total glutathione content were determined before and after the 12th moxibustion.Lymphocyte subpopulations and 42 cytokines in the peripheral blood were analyzed using flow cytometry and antibody array,respectively.RESULTS:Compared with the initial time point,the serum levels of ROS and MDA were significantly lowered by moxibustion,while TAC was increased(P<0.01 for all).A significant increase was observed in catalase activity(P<0.05),but not in SOD or total glutathione.There were no significant changes in lymphocyte subpopulations or cytokines in the peripheral blood.Fifteen of 25 participants reported at least one symptom in which they felt subjective improvement after moxibustion.CONCLUSION:Indirect moxibustion on acupoints CV 4 and CV 8 improved the antioxidant defense system,which may be a mechanism explaining the clinical effects of moxibustion.