制茶用多糖水解酶的发酵生产条件及其应用

应用微生物生理生态学原理 ,从固体发酵及抗酚性方面探讨了适于制茶用的多糖水解酶的发酵生产方法及酶法制茶效果 ,结果表明 :在稻草培养基中添加 3 0 %左右的茶梗粉 ,固体发酵所得粗酶液不仅纤维素酶和果胶酶活性高 ,且抗酚性较强 。

酶法制茶专用多糖水解酶的发酵生产技术研究

本研究根据微生物生理生态学原理 ,从液体、固体发酵及抗酚性几方面探讨了适于制茶用的多糖水解酶的发酵生产方法及酶法制茶效果的大生产试验 ,为酶法制茶的推广应用提供理论及实践依据。

A change of phenolic acids content in poplar leaves induced by methyl sali-cylate and methyl jasmonate

The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves （Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramibalis c.v and Populus deltoids） suffocated by Methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and Methyl salicylate （MeSA） were monitored for analyzing their functions in interplant communications by using high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that the contents of phenolic acids had obviously difference in leaves exposed to either MeSA or MeJA.When P.deltoides leaves exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid was increased, gallic acid in leaves treated with MeJA comes to a peak at 24 h while to a peak at 12-d having leaves treated with MeSA.When P.Simonii ×P.Pyramibalis c.v leaves were exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, pyrocatechol and ferulic acid was increased; The catechinic acid and benzoic acid had a little drop; The caffeic acid and coumaric acid were undetected in both suffocated and control leaves.This changed pattern indicated that MeJA and MeSA can act as airborne signals to induce defense response of plants.

常压室温等离子体诱变选育高产油脂皮状丝孢酵母的研究

研究了常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变时间对皮状丝孢酵母(Trichosporon cutaneum)致死率的影响,考察了不同质量浓度芝麻酚对皮状丝孢酵母生长的抑制程度,建立了一种快速高效选育高产油脂菌株的方法。结果表明:经过ARTP的40 s诱变后,接种到质量浓度为0. 15 mg/m L的芝麻酚培养基中28℃培养2 d,筛选出生长旺盛的菌株,然后接种到48孔液体培养基培养,并利用96孔板尼罗红荧光染色对培养菌株进行高通量筛选,选育出一株高产油脂菌株Trichosporon cutaneum A1。该菌株较原始菌株的生物量、油脂产量、油脂含量分别提高了41. 6%、123. 1%、57. 4%,且具有较好的遗传稳定性;通过气相色谱分析,其油脂脂肪酸组成与原始菌株相同,均为十六烷酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸。说明建立的芝麻酚抗性筛选和荧光标记高通量筛选相结合的ARTP选育方法是可行的,为其他产油脂菌株的筛选提供重要参考。

Water Soluble Active Components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Related Plants

Chemical studies on nine Salvia species yielded various polyphenolic acids. Eleven of them were depsides of R (+) β (3,4 dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid and a caffeic acid derivative or caffeic acid dimer. Except the two known depsides, rosmarinic acid and lithospermic acid, this type of depsides has not been isolated from other plant materials before, so they were named salvianolic acid A, B, C, D, E, H, I, J and isosalvianolic acid C. Salvianolic acid F, G and przewalskinic acid A were new polyphenolic acids. Pharmacological studies of these polyphenolic acids showed potent antioxidant activities. The effects of these components in protecting against brain and heart damage have been studied.

Study on the Control of Tobacco Black Shank by Using Dry Mycelium of Penicillium Chrysogenum

The water extract of dry mycelium ofPenicillium chrysogenum （DME） was used to induce resistance in Virginia tobacco plants against Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. Results showed that the efficacy of DME in controlling black shank disease depended on both DME solution concentration and its＇ treatment methodology. Soil application of 1.5-5% DME 72 hr before inoculation with Phtophthora parasitica vat. nicotianae provided highly significant protection against black shank, relative to the control without DME treatment. Optimized tobacco plant treatment with 2.5% DME significantly increased peroxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activity levels in the upper leaf sections of the tobacco plants. DME had no direct antifungal activity on the growth of Phtophthora parasitica var. nicotianae in vitro, suggesting that disease control with DME treatment resulted from the induced propagation of natural defense mechanisms in the tobacco plants.

Effects of Wet Superfine Grinding on Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activities of Whole Fruit Pulp of Navel Orange

The navel orange were cleaned and pulverized by a wet superfine grinding and a broken wall cooking machine,then the navel orange whole fruit pulp were obtained by wet superfine grinding once,wet superfine grinding twice,and broken wall cooking machine processing.The particle size distribution,free polyphenols,bound polyphenols and antioxidant activity of whole fruit pulp prepared by the three kinds of pulverization methods were discussed.The results showed that the particle size distribution of the whole fruit pulp by wet superfine grinding was more concentrated compared with the broken-wall cooking machine processing,and the total phenols dissolution rate of the navel orange whole pulp was increased by 6.9%,and the total flavonoid dissolution rate was increased by 13.5%.The results also suggested that wet superfine grinding twice could improve 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging activity of polyphenols in the whole fruit pulp,wet superfine grinding once and wet superfine grinding twice also could obviously enhance the reducing power and iron reduction ability of polyphenols in the whole fruit pulp.In conclusion,wet superfine grinding could increase both the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of navel orange whole fruit pulp,it can be used as a pretreatment processing method for preparing navel orange whole fruit pulp.

Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extracts from the Aerial Part of Rock Rose （Hefianthemum nummularium） Species

This study aimed to evaluate polyphenols content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of ethanol extract from rock rose （Helianthemum nummularium （L.） Mill.）. Plant material has been harvested in July from Romanian Carpathian Mountains. The ethanolic extract （70%, v/v） was prepared from the aerial part of rock rose species. High performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC） analysis of ethanol extract and subsequently hydrolysed sample indicated that quercetin glycosides were the major polyphenolic compounds, and kaempferol derivates, chlorogenic and gallic phenylcarboxylic acids are also being present in the polar extracts. Chemiluminescence assay in luminol/H：O2 system indicated very high antioxidant activity of the ethanolic type of extract （ICs0 = 1.27 ~tg/mL）, while microbiological studies （cylinder method in plates） indicated certain antimicrobial activity （measuring from 12.5 mm to 21.5 mm of the diameter of the inhibition zone） of the propylene glycol （20%, v/v） standardized extract （5 mg gallic acid equivalents/mL sample） against several standard bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Salmonella enterritidis ATCC 13076, respectively. Therefore, based on the augmented antioxidant effect of the rock rose polar extracts, there can be found numerous applications in the pharmaceutical industry, but also in non-pharmaceutical fields, for example in cosmetic and hygiene products areas, due to certain antimicrobial properties.

Enhanced resistance of Portunus trituberculatus to Vibrio alginolyticus by selective breeding

We established a line (screened) of Portunus trituberculatus by selectively breeding individuals that survived from challenge with Vibrio alginolyticus, and compared the response of screened and unscreened (control) P. trituberculatus challenged with V. alginolyticus. We measured superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and peroxidase activity and the content of hemocyanin in the plasma and phenoloxidase activity in serum. The cumulative survival rate after 24-h challenge with V. alginolyticus was significantly higher in the screened crabs than in the unscreened crabs (P<0.05). T-SOD and PO activity were significantly lower in the screened stock than in the unscreened stock (P<0.05). POD, CAT, and ACP activity and hemocyanin content were significantly higher in the screened stock than in the unscreened stock. Our results suggest that the screened stock was more resistant to infection. Furthermore, the indices we measured may be used to evaluate the health state of P. trituberculatus.

Intervarietal Variation in Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Dry Peas （Pisum sativum L）

The present research work was carried out to investigate the proximate composition and antioxidant capacities of newly invented varieties of dry peas. The proximate composition in terms of moisture （7.00-8.50%）, ash （3.85-4.97%）, fiber （3.8-12.3%） and protein （17.3-18.8%） contents varied significantly with respect to various cultivars. Total phenolic contents （TPC）, total flavonoids contents （TFC）, percentage inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid system, reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of different dry peas extracts were found in range of 0.651-0.684 g/100g of GAE, 0.021-0.041 g/100g of CE, 0.713-0.895, 40.051-84.608%, 18.097-24.591 mg/mL, respectively. The amount of TFC, and percent inhibition of per oxidation in linoleic system of different dry peas extracts varied significantly among various cultivars and solvents. From the results of present investigations it is reasonable to say that 80% methanolic extracts of dry peas have exhibited varying degree of antioxidant activity.

Study on the Effective Components in Pomegranate Leaf and Extraction Method

Experimental results show that, all the sample of seasonal-temperature combinations, the effective component content is highest in November to collect leaves in the 25%; drying, and the strongest antioxidant activity. The results of this study will provide theoretical basis for the preparation process of pomegranate leaf tea. Results of the correlation between antioxidant activity and the effective components show that the antioxidant activity of pomegranate leaves is closely related to polyphenol content, in particular had significant correlation with the content of tannin polyphenols, flavonoids, and ellagic acid content had no significant correlation.

Influence of Solvent Polarity and Conditions on Extraction of Antioxidant, Flavonoids and Phenolic Content from A verrhoa bilimbi

This paper presents the influence of solvent polarity and extraction conditions on the extraction of total flavonoid, total phenolic and antioxidants from Averrhoa bilimbi. The experiment was performed using a different solvent at different extraction conditions, including extraction time （15-240 min）, temperature （30-70 ℃） and agitation speed （50-300 rpm）. Results showed that yields of extraction varies with solvent polarity. Extraction using 50% aqueous methanol gives the highest antioxidant activity and flavonoid content. The highest total flavonoid content （193.3 μg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight）, total phenolic content （717.8 μg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight） and antioxidant activity （77%） was achieved using 50% methanol, at 70 ℃ and agitation speed of 300 rpm. This work may be useful for obtaining higher bioactive compounds during the extraction process of A. bilimbi.

Preparation and Evaluation of High Antioxidant Talbina as a Protective and Therapeutic Meal

Functional properties of Talbina were used in ancient Arab for nutritional purpose. It was a meal made from barley flour and milk. The high antioxidant Talbina was formulated from whole flour of harley and oat, milk, date palm syrup （debis） and date palm seeds. The chemical composition, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity of high antioxidant Talbina were determined. Sensory evaluation of traditional and high antioxidant Talbina showed that the developed product Talbina was considered as good for overall acceptability of all panelists. Also, the formulated Talbina contains high values of antioxidants components and natural nutrients. The antioxidant activity of formulated Talbina containing barley or oat may be due to presence of phenolic compounds and proanthocyanidins in the barley and oat. Increasing the antioxidant activity of high antioxidant Talbina containing barley and oat may be due to the adding of dates palm seeds which contain very high values of phenolic compounds and other antioxidants components. Date palm seeds as well as barley and/or oat give high antioxidants components which protect cells from oxidative stress and help to reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease as well as natural anti-depressant. Moreover, increasing the antioxidant activity in the formulated Talbina may play a role for reducing power, radical scavenging activity and the lipid peroxidation inhibition. In conclusion, supplementation of traditional Talbina containing barley and/or oat with date palm syrup （debis） and date palm seeds can produce simple and healthy meal to provide a good source of daily dietary antioxidants and micronutrients.

Investigation into the Total Phenols and Antioxidant Activity during Storage of Fruit Smoothies

In this study, the total phenols （TP） and antioxidant activity of three different fruit smoothies （Blackberries, Raspberry and Boysenberry （BRAB）, Mango and Passion fruits （MAP） and Blackcurrant, Acerola cherries and Rosehips （BACAR）） were determined during storage by Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP） assays respectively. TP ranged from 1,943 to 2,692 mg L-1 gallic acid equivalent whereas FRAP from 43,217 to 126,125 μmol L-1 Trolox equivalent for the three smoothies on opening. BACAR had the highest TP and antioxidant activity. The smoothies showed significant decrease （P 〈 0.05） in TP during storage. The decrease in antioxidant activity was significant （P 〈 0.05） for BRAB and MAP only. However, the study revealed that the smoothies had high antioxidant activity even during shelf-life at 4 ℃ which implies that consumption of smoothies may give considerable antioxidant benefits. Correlation between TP and antioxidant activity was strong and highly significant （r = 0.890, P 〈 0.0001）.

HPLC-UV Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Phenolic Compounds from Endemic Shrub of Arid Environment Tamarix pauciovulata J, Gay

This research presents complete phenolic compounds and biological activity of Tamarix pauciovulata J. Gay, an endemic Saharan species. The antioxidant assays revealed that crude extract showed strong DPPH scavenging activity （IC50 = 49.357 μg/mL） but in reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions have a potent ferrous ion-chelating ability in particularly the butanolic fraction （63.18% reduced power at 50 μg/mL） and a powerful scavenging activity on hydrogen peroxide in particularly ethyl acetate fraction （IC50 = 0.205 μg/mL）. The phenolic compounds of Tamarix pauciovulata leaves were analyzed by HPLC-UV. The major phenolic of leaf extracts are syringic acid （1.07 g/100g）, quercetin （34.1 mg/100g）, kaempferol （5.77 mg/100g）, isorhamnetin （5 mg/100g）. Others phenols were identified such as isoquercetin, catechin, epicatechin and its derivatives. Results indicated that the leaves extracts from Tamarix pauciovulata have great capacities to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of radicals and can become important source of dietary compounds with health protective potential.

Isolation, characterization and antioxidant activities of the endophytic fungi from Hosta. Ventricosa

A total of 13 types of endophytic fungi,classified into six genera,were isolated from Hosta.ventricosa based on 18 S rDNA sequencing of ITS region and microscopic examination.The antioxidant activities of the crude extracts were investigated by T-AOC,DPPH and ABTS＋ methods.The results showed that the crude extracts from Fusarium oxysporum（HoV1） and Epicoccum（HoV4）,which presented higher phenol levels（1.90±0.03 mg/g,and 2.41±0.01 mg/g,respectively）,exhibited stronger comprehensive antioxidant activities,with higher T-AOC values（63.46±0.26 U/g,and 66.05±0.71 U/g,respectively）,lower EC_（50） values against ABTS~＋（30.25±0.05 μg/m L,and 24.66±0.65 μg/m L,respectively） and DPPH radicals（83.42±0.24 μg/m L,and 59.136 μg/m L,respectively）.Moreover,Fusarium oxysporum（Ho V8） showed excellent scavenging activity against DPPH radicals（EC_（50） = 16.02 μg/m L）,which was better than BHT.All of them could be useful in the developing of new natural antioxidant agents.

Antioxidant properties of magnesium lithospermate B contribute to the cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro

OBJECTIVE： To determine the cardioprotective ef- fect of magnesium lithospermate B （MLB） on myo- cardial ischemia/reperfusion （MI/R） injury and to in- vestigate the antioxidant potential in vivo and in vitro. METHODS： MI/R injury was induced by the occlu- sion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 3 h in rats. After reperfusion, hearts were harvested to assess infarct size, histopathological damages, the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and malondialdehyde （MDA）. Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB）, cardiac troponin （cTnl） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Furthermore, simulatedischemia/reperfusion （SI/R） injury in vitro was established by oxygen and glucose deprivation （OGD） for 2 h followed by 24-hour recovery period in cardiomyocytes. The activity of LDH in the cultured su- pernatant and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species （ROS）, SOD and MDA in cardiomyo- cytes were also measured. Finally, cardiomyocytes apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry. RESULTS： MLB significantly limited infarct size, ameliorated histopathological damages and prevented leakage of CK-MB, cTnl and LDH. Additional- ly, SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH activities were notably increased by MLB, along with the MDA content decreased as compared with the model group in rats. In vitro study, MLB also decreased LDH activity in the cultured supernatant, increased SOD activity in cardiomyocytes, reduced intracellular ROS and MDA levels, and significantly suppressed cardiomyocytes apoptosis. CONCLUSION： MLB possessed remarkably cardioprotective effects on MI/R injury in vivo and in vitro. The protection of MLB may contribute to its antioxidant properties.

Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of peanut shell polyphenol extracts

The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic property of peanut shell polyphenol extracts （PSPEs）. Diabetic rats were oral-administrated with PSPE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight （BW） per day for 28 consecutive days, with metformin （Met） as a positive control. The results showed that, similar to the Met treatment, administration of PSPE caused significant decreases in food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in serum, and significant increases in BW, insulin level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and liver gly- cogen. Further, glucose tolerance was markedly improved in the PSPE-treated diabetic groups. Histopathological results showed that PSPE improved cellular structural and pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreatic islets. Collectively, the results indicated that the hypoglycemic effects of PSPE on high-fat diet/streptozotocin （HFD/STZ）induced diabetes are comparable to Met, though their exact mechanism actions are still under investigation. Therefore, the current study suggests that PSPE could be a potential health-care food supplement in the management of diabetes.