Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis ...Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.展开更多
The topic on the subspaces for the polynomially or exponentially bounded weak mild solutions of the following abstract Cauchy problem d^2/（dr^2）u（t,x）=Au（t,x）;u（0,x）=x,d/（dt）u（0,x）=0,x∈X is studied, wher...The topic on the subspaces for the polynomially or exponentially bounded weak mild solutions of the following abstract Cauchy problem d^2/（dr^2）u（t,x）=Au（t,x）;u（0,x）=x,d/（dt）u（0,x）=0,x∈X is studied, where A is a closed operator on Banach space X. The case that the problem is ill-posed is treated, and two subspaces Y（A, k） and H（A, ω） are introduced. Y（A, k） is the set of all x in X for which the second order abstract differential equation has a weak mild solution v（ t, x） such that ess sup{（1＋t）^-k｜d/（dt）〈v（t,x）,x^＊〉｜：t≥0,x^＊∈X^＊,｜x^＊‖≤1}〈＋∞. H（A, ω） is the set of all x in X for which the second order abstract differential equation has a weak mild solution v（t,x）such that ess sup{e^-ωl｜d/（dt）〈v（t,x）,x^＊）｜：t≥0,x^＊∈X^＊,‖x^＊‖≤1}〈＋∞. The following conclusions are proved that Y（A, k） and H（A, ω） are Banach spaces, and both are continuously embedded in X; the restriction operator A ｜ Y（A,k） generates a once-integrated cosine operator family { C（t） }t≥0 such that limh→0＋^-1/h‖C（t＋h）-C（t）‖Y（A,k）≤M（1＋t）^k,arbitary t≥0; the restriction operator A ｜H（A,ω） generates a once- integrated cosine operator family {C（t）}t≥0 such that limh→0＋^-1/h‖C（t＋h）-C（t）‖H（A,ω）≤≤Me^ωt,arbitary t≥0.展开更多
Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagop...Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagopal 2006） towards the construction of ＂subaltern human rights＂ （Onazi 2009）. Others,. however, have pointed out that the human rights institutional and political hegemony makes other valuable emancipatory strategies less available, and that this foregrounds problems of participation and procedure at the expense of distribution （Kennedy 2005）. Finally, others have explained how the abstractedness of the category entails a de-politicization （Rancière 2004; Zizek 2005; Douzinas 2007） or an emptiness that, of course, can be filled by progressive activism, but whose substance is easily reappropriated by those in power （Miéville 2005）. By engaging with the above-mentioned perspectives, and following the decolonial approach （Mignolo 2009; 2011）, I suggest that the category human rights can be decolonized and being used for progressive agendas only after a comprehensive critique of liberal legality （that entails a critique of liberal abstract rationality, political economy, and modernity/coloniality） has been performed.展开更多
We introduce the potential-decomposition strategy （PDS）, which can be used in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms. PDS can be designed to make particles move in a modified potential that favors diffusion in...We introduce the potential-decomposition strategy （PDS）, which can be used in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms. PDS can be designed to make particles move in a modified potential that favors diffusion in phase space, then, by rejecting some trial samples, the target distributions can be sampled in an unbiased manner. Furthermore, if the accepted trial samples are insumcient, they can be recycled as initial states to form more unbiased samples. This strategy can greatly improve efficiency when the original potential has multiple metastable states separated by large barriers. We apply PDS to the 2d Ising model and a double-well potential model with a large barrier, demonstrating in these two representative examples that convergence is accelerated by orders of magnitude.展开更多
The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted sl...The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted slags were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric（TG）analysis.The XRD analysis revealed that hydrosoluble mischcrystal K2Ca2（SO4）3was obtained by ion exchange of Ca^2＋ in CaSO4 and K^＋ in KAlSi3O8.Meanwhile,the intermediate product,SiO2,separated from KAl Si3O8and reacted with CaSO4to decompose CaSO4.The SEM results showed that some blowholes emerged on the surface of the CaSO4particles when they reacted with SiO2at 1200℃,which indicates that SO2and O2gases were released from CaSO4.The TG curves displayed that pure CaSO4could not be decomposed below 1200℃,while the mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4began to lose weight at 1000℃.The extraction rate of potassium and decomposition rate of CaSO4were 62%and 44%,respectively,at a mass ratio of CaSO4to K-feldspar ore of 3：1,temperature of 1200℃,tablet-forming pressure of6 MPa,and roasting time of 2 h.The decomposition of CaSO4reduced the potassium extraction rate;therefore,the required amount of CaSO4was more than the theoretical amount.However,excess CaSO4was also undesirable for the potassium extraction reaction because a massive amount of SO2and O2gas were derived from the decomposition of CaSO4,which provided poor contact between the reactants.The SO2released from CaSO4decomposition can be effectively recycled.展开更多
In order to explore the relationship between physical exercises and the feeling of shame, 1258 Shanghai middle school students are surveyed with the help of the middle school students＇ shame measurement scale with th...In order to explore the relationship between physical exercises and the feeling of shame, 1258 Shanghai middle school students are surveyed with the help of the middle school students＇ shame measurement scale with the combination of delaminating and random sampling. The results of questionnaire show that the feeling of shame is closely related with the scene of physical exercises, the extent students like physical exercises and the intensity they take exercises, which provide methodological support for the remission of the shame of middle school students with physical exercise.展开更多
Integrated semigroups which are not exponentially bounded have been studied. The integrated solutions of inhomogeneous and nonlinear abstract Caucby problems are discussed. The reults extends and improves the theorems...Integrated semigroups which are not exponentially bounded have been studied. The integrated solutions of inhomogeneous and nonlinear abstract Caucby problems are discussed. The reults extends and improves the theorems in [1].展开更多
In this work, a numerical study for designing a new kind of MHD （Magneto-Hydrn-Dynamic） pumps is presented. This technique makes a compromise between electrolysis prevention and high flow rate performance. This tech...In this work, a numerical study for designing a new kind of MHD （Magneto-Hydrn-Dynamic） pumps is presented. This technique makes a compromise between electrolysis prevention and high flow rate performance. This technique should eliminate electrolytic bubble generation, electrodes wear and fluid propriety modification. All these side phenomena are prevented by considering isolated electrodes. The numerical presented results in this paper demonstrate that continuous MHD pumping is possible with isolated electrodes. The MHD excitation combines a high frequency altering current with a low frequency altering magnetic field. In order to validate our results, two independent theoretical methods for computing flow rate are followed. The two presented independent approaches show that high flow rate is possible even with isolated electrodes. To overcome the problem of dimensioning this kind of pumps, a generic numerical analysis is proposed. Hence, the pump performances as functions of the external parameter are studied and tools to calculate for a given fluid and the optimal high frequency regime are provided.展开更多
This research was carried out in Iranian EFL （English as a foreign language） reading comprehension classes in an attempt to answer three research questions： （1） Does collaborative reading lead to greater comprehe...This research was carried out in Iranian EFL （English as a foreign language） reading comprehension classes in an attempt to answer three research questions： （1） Does collaborative reading lead to greater comprehension of a text than private reading？; （2） If so, what strategies are used by the students during collaborative reading？; and （3） In what ways might these strategies contribute to the higher level of comprehension？. A quasi-experimental design was used to answer the first question. The participants were pre-tested and streamed into two classes of equal reading comprehension abilities. The intervention consisted of four texts of equal length, comprising two rated in a pilot study as conceptually difficult/linguistically easy, and two rated as conceptually easy/linguistically difficult. The subjects in each class were involved in reading the two types of texts collaboratively and privately for four sessions. After reading the text, the subjects were asked to answer in writing 10 comprehension questions. Collaborative reading resulted in consistently and significantly higher scores than private reading for all four texts. Qualitative methods were employed to answer the last two questions. Group interactions during collaborative reading were tape recorded and transcribed, and 10 students selected at random from the two classes were interviewed in depth. Analysis of the group interaction transcripts revealed that the participants were using five major strategies in co-constructing meaning from the texts. These strategies included brainstorming, clarifying the language, summarizing, paraphrasing, and interaction management. Other minor （i.e., infrequent） strategies were also identified, such as making PCU/NCU （positive/negative claim to understand）, eliciting confirmation, and confirming.展开更多
Thanks to the fast improvement of the computing power and the rapid development of the computational chemistry and biology,the computer-aided drug design techniques have been successfully applied in almost every stage...Thanks to the fast improvement of the computing power and the rapid development of the computational chemistry and biology,the computer-aided drug design techniques have been successfully applied in almost every stage of the drug discovery and development pipeline to speed up the process of research and reduce the cost and risk related to preclinical and clinical trials.Owing to the development of machine learning theory and the accumulation of pharmacological data, the artificial intelligence(AI) technology, as a powerful data mining tool, has cut a figure in various fields of the drug design, such as virtual screening,activity scoring, quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) analysis, de novo drug design, and in silico evaluation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity(ADME/T) properties. Although it is still challenging to provide a physical explanation of the AI-based models, it indeed has been acting as a great power to help manipulating the drug discovery through the versatile frameworks. Recently, due to the strong generalization ability and powerful feature extraction capability,deep learning methods have been employed in predicting the molecular properties as well as generating the desired molecules,which will further promote the application of AI technologies in the field of drug design.展开更多
文摘Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Department ofEducation of Jiangsu Province (No06KJD110087)
文摘The topic on the subspaces for the polynomially or exponentially bounded weak mild solutions of the following abstract Cauchy problem d^2/（dr^2）u（t,x）=Au（t,x）;u（0,x）=x,d/（dt）u（0,x）=0,x∈X is studied, where A is a closed operator on Banach space X. The case that the problem is ill-posed is treated, and two subspaces Y（A, k） and H（A, ω） are introduced. Y（A, k） is the set of all x in X for which the second order abstract differential equation has a weak mild solution v（ t, x） such that ess sup{（1＋t）^-k｜d/（dt）〈v（t,x）,x^＊〉｜：t≥0,x^＊∈X^＊,｜x^＊‖≤1}〈＋∞. H（A, ω） is the set of all x in X for which the second order abstract differential equation has a weak mild solution v（t,x）such that ess sup{e^-ωl｜d/（dt）〈v（t,x）,x^＊）｜：t≥0,x^＊∈X^＊,‖x^＊‖≤1}〈＋∞. The following conclusions are proved that Y（A, k） and H（A, ω） are Banach spaces, and both are continuously embedded in X; the restriction operator A ｜ Y（A,k） generates a once-integrated cosine operator family { C（t） }t≥0 such that limh→0＋^-1/h‖C（t＋h）-C（t）‖Y（A,k）≤M（1＋t）^k,arbitary t≥0; the restriction operator A ｜H（A,ω） generates a once- integrated cosine operator family {C（t）}t≥0 such that limh→0＋^-1/h‖C（t＋h）-C（t）‖H（A,ω）≤≤Me^ωt,arbitary t≥0.
文摘Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagopal 2006） towards the construction of ＂subaltern human rights＂ （Onazi 2009）. Others,. however, have pointed out that the human rights institutional and political hegemony makes other valuable emancipatory strategies less available, and that this foregrounds problems of participation and procedure at the expense of distribution （Kennedy 2005）. Finally, others have explained how the abstractedness of the category entails a de-politicization （Rancière 2004; Zizek 2005; Douzinas 2007） or an emptiness that, of course, can be filled by progressive activism, but whose substance is easily reappropriated by those in power （Miéville 2005）. By engaging with the above-mentioned perspectives, and following the decolonial approach （Mignolo 2009; 2011）, I suggest that the category human rights can be decolonized and being used for progressive agendas only after a comprehensive critique of liberal legality （that entails a critique of liberal abstract rationality, political economy, and modernity/coloniality） has been performed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10674016,10875013the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.20080027005
文摘We introduce the potential-decomposition strategy （PDS）, which can be used in Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms. PDS can be designed to make particles move in a modified potential that favors diffusion in phase space, then, by rejecting some trial samples, the target distributions can be sampled in an unbiased manner. Furthermore, if the accepted trial samples are insumcient, they can be recycled as initial states to form more unbiased samples. This strategy can greatly improve efficiency when the original potential has multiple metastable states separated by large barriers. We apply PDS to the 2d Ising model and a double-well potential model with a large barrier, demonstrating in these two representative examples that convergence is accelerated by orders of magnitude.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFB0600904)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Project(2017GZ0377)Sichuan University Postdoctoral Research and Development Fund(2017SCU12017)
文摘The extraction of potassium from a tablet mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4by roasting was studied with a focus on the effects of the decomposition behavior of CaSO4on the potassium extraction process.The roasted slags were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric（TG）analysis.The XRD analysis revealed that hydrosoluble mischcrystal K2Ca2（SO4）3was obtained by ion exchange of Ca^2＋ in CaSO4 and K^＋ in KAlSi3O8.Meanwhile,the intermediate product,SiO2,separated from KAl Si3O8and reacted with CaSO4to decompose CaSO4.The SEM results showed that some blowholes emerged on the surface of the CaSO4particles when they reacted with SiO2at 1200℃,which indicates that SO2and O2gases were released from CaSO4.The TG curves displayed that pure CaSO4could not be decomposed below 1200℃,while the mixture of K-feldspar ore and CaSO4began to lose weight at 1000℃.The extraction rate of potassium and decomposition rate of CaSO4were 62%and 44%,respectively,at a mass ratio of CaSO4to K-feldspar ore of 3：1,temperature of 1200℃,tablet-forming pressure of6 MPa,and roasting time of 2 h.The decomposition of CaSO4reduced the potassium extraction rate;therefore,the required amount of CaSO4was more than the theoretical amount.However,excess CaSO4was also undesirable for the potassium extraction reaction because a massive amount of SO2and O2gas were derived from the decomposition of CaSO4,which provided poor contact between the reactants.The SO2released from CaSO4decomposition can be effectively recycled.
文摘In order to explore the relationship between physical exercises and the feeling of shame, 1258 Shanghai middle school students are surveyed with the help of the middle school students＇ shame measurement scale with the combination of delaminating and random sampling. The results of questionnaire show that the feeling of shame is closely related with the scene of physical exercises, the extent students like physical exercises and the intensity they take exercises, which provide methodological support for the remission of the shame of middle school students with physical exercise.
文摘Integrated semigroups which are not exponentially bounded have been studied. The integrated solutions of inhomogeneous and nonlinear abstract Caucby problems are discussed. The reults extends and improves the theorems in [1].
文摘In this work, a numerical study for designing a new kind of MHD （Magneto-Hydrn-Dynamic） pumps is presented. This technique makes a compromise between electrolysis prevention and high flow rate performance. This technique should eliminate electrolytic bubble generation, electrodes wear and fluid propriety modification. All these side phenomena are prevented by considering isolated electrodes. The numerical presented results in this paper demonstrate that continuous MHD pumping is possible with isolated electrodes. The MHD excitation combines a high frequency altering current with a low frequency altering magnetic field. In order to validate our results, two independent theoretical methods for computing flow rate are followed. The two presented independent approaches show that high flow rate is possible even with isolated electrodes. To overcome the problem of dimensioning this kind of pumps, a generic numerical analysis is proposed. Hence, the pump performances as functions of the external parameter are studied and tools to calculate for a given fluid and the optimal high frequency regime are provided.
文摘This research was carried out in Iranian EFL （English as a foreign language） reading comprehension classes in an attempt to answer three research questions： （1） Does collaborative reading lead to greater comprehension of a text than private reading？; （2） If so, what strategies are used by the students during collaborative reading？; and （3） In what ways might these strategies contribute to the higher level of comprehension？. A quasi-experimental design was used to answer the first question. The participants were pre-tested and streamed into two classes of equal reading comprehension abilities. The intervention consisted of four texts of equal length, comprising two rated in a pilot study as conceptually difficult/linguistically easy, and two rated as conceptually easy/linguistically difficult. The subjects in each class were involved in reading the two types of texts collaboratively and privately for four sessions. After reading the text, the subjects were asked to answer in writing 10 comprehension questions. Collaborative reading resulted in consistently and significantly higher scores than private reading for all four texts. Qualitative methods were employed to answer the last two questions. Group interactions during collaborative reading were tape recorded and transcribed, and 10 students selected at random from the two classes were interviewed in depth. Analysis of the group interaction transcripts revealed that the participants were using five major strategies in co-constructing meaning from the texts. These strategies included brainstorming, clarifying the language, summarizing, paraphrasing, and interaction management. Other minor （i.e., infrequent） strategies were also identified, such as making PCU/NCU （positive/negative claim to understand）, eliciting confirmation, and confirming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21210003 and 81230076 to H.J., 81773634 to M.Z. and 81430084 to K.C.)the “Personalized Medicines-Molecular Signature-based Drug Discovery and Development”, Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA12050201 to M.Z.)+1 种基金National Key Research & Development Plan (2016YFC1201003 to M.Z.)the National Basic Research Program (2015CB910304 to X.L.)
文摘Thanks to the fast improvement of the computing power and the rapid development of the computational chemistry and biology,the computer-aided drug design techniques have been successfully applied in almost every stage of the drug discovery and development pipeline to speed up the process of research and reduce the cost and risk related to preclinical and clinical trials.Owing to the development of machine learning theory and the accumulation of pharmacological data, the artificial intelligence(AI) technology, as a powerful data mining tool, has cut a figure in various fields of the drug design, such as virtual screening,activity scoring, quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) analysis, de novo drug design, and in silico evaluation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity(ADME/T) properties. Although it is still challenging to provide a physical explanation of the AI-based models, it indeed has been acting as a great power to help manipulating the drug discovery through the versatile frameworks. Recently, due to the strong generalization ability and powerful feature extraction capability,deep learning methods have been employed in predicting the molecular properties as well as generating the desired molecules,which will further promote the application of AI technologies in the field of drug design.
