在20世纪初,虽然拉丁文是欧美医学界的通用语言,但以高似兰(Phillip B. Cousland)为代表的在华传教士却不教授中国学生拉丁文,而代之以英文,并据此制定出与中国本土语言习惯不同的中文医学术语。这一将中文从属于西方现代民族语言的做...在20世纪初,虽然拉丁文是欧美医学界的通用语言,但以高似兰(Phillip B. Cousland)为代表的在华传教士却不教授中国学生拉丁文,而代之以英文,并据此制定出与中国本土语言习惯不同的中文医学术语。这一将中文从属于西方现代民族语言的做法遭到留日学生的反对。汤尔和等人利用拉丁文在医学领域的国际地位,打压英文在中国的影响。与此同时,他们声称日译名词符合拉丁文原意和汉语传统,从而在1910年代举行的医学名词审查会上成功抵制大部分博医会拟定的新名词。这场学术论争的背后,既是传教士与留日学生争夺中国医学标准的制定权,也是留日学生试图打捞那些在传教士帝国话语中消失的中国传统,以保存国族认同。展开更多
Latin America is characterized by ethnic, geographical, cultural, and economic diversity; therefore, training in gastroenterology in the region must be considered in this context. The continent’s medical education is...Latin America is characterized by ethnic, geographical, cultural, and economic diversity; therefore, training in gastroenterology in the region must be considered in this context. The continent’s medical education is characterized by a lack of standards and the volume of research continues to be relatively small. There is a multiplicity of events in general gastroenterology and in sub-disciplines, both at regional and local levels, which ensure that many colleagues have access to information. Medical education programs must be based on a clinical vision and be considered in close contact with the patients. The programs should be properly supervised, appropriately defined, and evaluated on a regular basis. The disparity between the patients’ needs, the scarce resources available, and the pressures exerted by the health systems on doctors are frequent cited by those complaining of poor professionalism. Teaching development can play a critical role in ensuring the quality of teaching and learning in universities. Continuing professional development programs activities must be planned on the basis of the doctors’ needs, with clearly defined objectives and using proper learning methodologies designed for adults. They must be evaluated and accredited by a competent body, so that they may become the basis of a professional regulatory system. The specialty has made progress in the last decades, offering doctors various possibilities for professional development. The world gastroenterology organization has contributed to the speciality through three distinctive, but closely inter-related, programs: Training Centers, Train-the-Trainers, and Global Guidelines, in which Latin America is deeply involved.展开更多
文摘在20世纪初,虽然拉丁文是欧美医学界的通用语言,但以高似兰(Phillip B. Cousland)为代表的在华传教士却不教授中国学生拉丁文,而代之以英文,并据此制定出与中国本土语言习惯不同的中文医学术语。这一将中文从属于西方现代民族语言的做法遭到留日学生的反对。汤尔和等人利用拉丁文在医学领域的国际地位,打压英文在中国的影响。与此同时,他们声称日译名词符合拉丁文原意和汉语传统,从而在1910年代举行的医学名词审查会上成功抵制大部分博医会拟定的新名词。这场学术论争的背后,既是传教士与留日学生争夺中国医学标准的制定权,也是留日学生试图打捞那些在传教士帝国话语中消失的中国传统,以保存国族认同。
文摘Latin America is characterized by ethnic, geographical, cultural, and economic diversity; therefore, training in gastroenterology in the region must be considered in this context. The continent’s medical education is characterized by a lack of standards and the volume of research continues to be relatively small. There is a multiplicity of events in general gastroenterology and in sub-disciplines, both at regional and local levels, which ensure that many colleagues have access to information. Medical education programs must be based on a clinical vision and be considered in close contact with the patients. The programs should be properly supervised, appropriately defined, and evaluated on a regular basis. The disparity between the patients’ needs, the scarce resources available, and the pressures exerted by the health systems on doctors are frequent cited by those complaining of poor professionalism. Teaching development can play a critical role in ensuring the quality of teaching and learning in universities. Continuing professional development programs activities must be planned on the basis of the doctors’ needs, with clearly defined objectives and using proper learning methodologies designed for adults. They must be evaluated and accredited by a competent body, so that they may become the basis of a professional regulatory system. The specialty has made progress in the last decades, offering doctors various possibilities for professional development. The world gastroenterology organization has contributed to the speciality through three distinctive, but closely inter-related, programs: Training Centers, Train-the-Trainers, and Global Guidelines, in which Latin America is deeply involved.
