正交拉丁超立方体设计(Orthogonal Latin hypercube designs, OLHDs)适用于计算机试验,是具有列正交性的一类空间填充设计。本文讨论了试验次数一般的一类正交拉丁超立方体设计在二维空间的投影均匀性,即在二维网格上的分层性质。结果...正交拉丁超立方体设计(Orthogonal Latin hypercube designs, OLHDs)适用于计算机试验,是具有列正交性的一类空间填充设计。本文讨论了试验次数一般的一类正交拉丁超立方体设计在二维空间的投影均匀性,即在二维网格上的分层性质。结果表明该设计的所有列对都可以实现在s × s网格分层;来自相同组连续不相邻的列对可以实现在s × s2和s2 × s网格上分层,某些列对还能实现在s2 × s2网格上的分层。The Orthogonal Latin hypercube designs (OLHD), which is a class of space-filling designs with column orthogonality, is suitable for computer experiments. In this paper, the projection uniformity of a class of OLHDs with more general run sizes in two dimensions is discussed, i.e., the grid layering properties. The results show that the design can achieve stratifications on s × s grids in any two dimensions;most column pairs can achieve stratifications on finer s2 × s and s × s2 grids when the two columns are from the same group that are not adjacent to each other, and some column pairs achieve stratifications on s2 × s2 grids.展开更多
As the running speed of high-speed trains increases, aerodynamic drag becomes the key factor which limits the further increase of the running speed and energy consumption. Aerodynamic lift of the trailing car also bec...As the running speed of high-speed trains increases, aerodynamic drag becomes the key factor which limits the further increase of the running speed and energy consumption. Aerodynamic lift of the trailing car also becomes the key force which affects the amenity and safety of the train. In the present paper, a simplified CRH380A high-speed train with three carriages is chosen as the model in order to optimize aerodynamic drag of the total train and aerodynamic lift of the trailing car. A constrained mul- ti-objective optimization design of the aerodynamic head shape of high-speed trains based on adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is also developed combining local function three-dimensional parametric approach and central Latin hypercube sampling method with maximin criteria based on the iterative local search algorithm. The results show that local function parametric approach can be well applied to optimal design of complex three-dimensional aerodynamic shape, and the adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm can be more accurate and efficient to find the Pareto front. After optimization the aerodynamic drag of the simplified train with three carriages is reduced by 3.2%, and the lift coefficient of the trailing car by 8.24%, the volume of the streamlined head by 2.16%; the aerodynamic drag of the real prototype CRH380A is reduced by 2.26%, lift coefficient of the trailing car by 19.67%. The variation of aerodynamic performance between the simplified train and the true train is mainly concentrated in the deformation region of the nose cone and tail cone. The optimization approach proposed in the present paper is simple yet efficient, and sheds lights on the constrained multi-objective engineering optimization design of aerodynamic shape of high-speed trains.展开更多
文摘正交拉丁超立方体设计(Orthogonal Latin hypercube designs, OLHDs)适用于计算机试验,是具有列正交性的一类空间填充设计。本文讨论了试验次数一般的一类正交拉丁超立方体设计在二维空间的投影均匀性,即在二维网格上的分层性质。结果表明该设计的所有列对都可以实现在s × s网格分层;来自相同组连续不相邻的列对可以实现在s × s2和s2 × s网格上分层,某些列对还能实现在s2 × s2网格上的分层。The Orthogonal Latin hypercube designs (OLHD), which is a class of space-filling designs with column orthogonality, is suitable for computer experiments. In this paper, the projection uniformity of a class of OLHDs with more general run sizes in two dimensions is discussed, i.e., the grid layering properties. The results show that the design can achieve stratifications on s × s grids in any two dimensions;most column pairs can achieve stratifications on finer s2 × s and s × s2 grids when the two columns are from the same group that are not adjacent to each other, and some column pairs achieve stratifications on s2 × s2 grids.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2011CB711100) National Key Technology R&D Program (Grant No. 2009BAQG12A03)
文摘As the running speed of high-speed trains increases, aerodynamic drag becomes the key factor which limits the further increase of the running speed and energy consumption. Aerodynamic lift of the trailing car also becomes the key force which affects the amenity and safety of the train. In the present paper, a simplified CRH380A high-speed train with three carriages is chosen as the model in order to optimize aerodynamic drag of the total train and aerodynamic lift of the trailing car. A constrained mul- ti-objective optimization design of the aerodynamic head shape of high-speed trains based on adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is also developed combining local function three-dimensional parametric approach and central Latin hypercube sampling method with maximin criteria based on the iterative local search algorithm. The results show that local function parametric approach can be well applied to optimal design of complex three-dimensional aerodynamic shape, and the adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm can be more accurate and efficient to find the Pareto front. After optimization the aerodynamic drag of the simplified train with three carriages is reduced by 3.2%, and the lift coefficient of the trailing car by 8.24%, the volume of the streamlined head by 2.16%; the aerodynamic drag of the real prototype CRH380A is reduced by 2.26%, lift coefficient of the trailing car by 19.67%. The variation of aerodynamic performance between the simplified train and the true train is mainly concentrated in the deformation region of the nose cone and tail cone. The optimization approach proposed in the present paper is simple yet efficient, and sheds lights on the constrained multi-objective engineering optimization design of aerodynamic shape of high-speed trains.
