舌尖上的非牛顿流体

从流变学的角度,介绍了多种食品中非牛顿流体的挤出膨大、剪切变稠、剪切变稀、拉丝效应等奇妙的特性,以及这些性质在日常生活和工业生产中的应用.

Tensile deformation behaviors of pure nickel fine wire with a few grains across diameter

Size effects on plastic deformation behaviors in uniaxial micro tension of pure nickel fine wires were investigated experimentally, including flow stress and inhomogeneous deformation behaviors. It is found that with the increase of grain size or the decrease of number of grains across the diameter, the flow stress decreases and inhomogeneous deformation degree increases. When there are less than 9.3 grains across the diameter, the flow stress decreases quickly with the increase of grain size. Then, the flow stress size effect in micro tension of fine wires is revealed by a proposed model by introducing the grain boundary size factor. These results also indicate that both the fracture strain and stress decrease with the increase of grain size. When there are less than 14.7 grains across the diameter, both the fracture strain and stress decrease quickly. This indicates that the inhomogeneous deformation degree in micro tension increases with the decrease of the number of grains across the diameter. The fracture topography tends to be more and more irregular with the decrease of the number of grains across the diameter. Then, the formation mechanism of irregular fracture topography was analyzed considering the inhomogeneous distribution of microstructure when there are a few grains across the diameter.

古往今来的非牛顿流体

在研究性学习中通过发掘中国古代文献中对非牛顿流体现象的相关记载,探究从流变学角度对非牛顿流体展开的一些有趣的科学实验,介绍了非牛顿流体物质特性和在生产生活中的运用现状以及未来的展望。