蒙古族传统民间音乐组织与地方社会--以科尔沁地区“胡尔·塔如拉呼”(huur taruleh)为例

科尔沁民间有一种民众自发的以四胡为主奏、三弦等其他乐器共同伴奏的器乐合奏形式—“胡尔·塔如拉呼”(huur taruleh),其形式多样、演奏自由,具有王府音乐、寺庙音乐与民间音乐的历史文化传统。基于亲缘与趣缘的地方社会关系组成的“胡尔·塔如拉呼”,具有一定的社会意义与功能,其能够敦乡睦里、联络感情,同时能促进地方社会认同,维护地方社会秩序。文章从乐队编制、演奏曲目与合奏目的三个方面对其当代传承进行阐释。

Soil Biota in the Arava Valley of Negev Desert,Israel

Soil microorganism biomass and respiration and the soil nematode community were observed in the hypersaline desert valley that is found between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea. The lowest point of the valley is approximately 400 m below sea level, and is the lowest point on earth. Soil samples (n = 72) were collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers at different altitudes (from -400 to +100 m) in the open spaces between plants during one of the most extreme xeric periods. Both soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass were found to be negatively dependent on soil moisture (SM) and organic matter (OM), and positively dependent on pH values. The physical-chemical characteristics of this hypersaline area were extremely unfavorable for the soil nematode communities, and the nematodes were entirely absent in the open area below sea level. The bacterivores were found to be the most resistant nematodes in this hyperarid region, with the Wilsonema being the most widespread genus. We suggest that nitrogen availability may play a crucial role in the below-ground soil interaction in this region, with bacterivore nematodes as indicators of nitrogen availability.

高效PDT终端定位数据上报方法

专业数字集群(PDT:Professional Digital Trunking)标准协议无法满足较大数量终端在规定的较短时间内周期上报卫星定位数据的使用要求,为此,提出一种基于组呼文本短消息上拉与专用数据信道上报相结合的高效的卫星定位数据上报方法。首先通过有线调度终端发起终端定位数据上拉请求,然后PDT系统封装定位数据上拉组呼文本短消息并发送给目标终端,最后目标终端按序在专用数据信道上报卫星定位数据。通过实验仿真,证明了方法的有效性和可行性。

简论蒙古族乌日汀哆

蒙古族乌日汀哆〔长调民歌〕是蒙古族多种音乐形式中最具代表性和普及性的音乐品种。她的历史悠久 ,在历史进程中得到了高度的发展 ,并影响了其他地区和国家。乌日汀哆具有独特的风格和特点 ,而且在民间,约定俗成的表述各种风格特点的名词术语自成体系。其曲体结构已形成初步的系统化 ,演唱发声方法也已具有相当的科学性。本文力求对这些问题进行粗略的解析和论述。