妇女的生存状况和精神历程向来都是玛格丽特·德拉布尔关注的问题。这一次她也不例外,新作《埃克斯穆尔高地的女巫》(The Witch of Exmoor),即描写了一个古怪的老年妇女作家走向隐匿的过程,书中不乏有作者的宏篇大论,因而也引起评...妇女的生存状况和精神历程向来都是玛格丽特·德拉布尔关注的问题。这一次她也不例外,新作《埃克斯穆尔高地的女巫》(The Witch of Exmoor),即描写了一个古怪的老年妇女作家走向隐匿的过程,书中不乏有作者的宏篇大论,因而也引起评论界的争议。《纽约时报书评》发表了署名为詹姆斯·伍德的文章,认为这本小说根本就是作者的奇思怪想,其中没有一个人物是真实的,德拉布尔把自己的观念强加到人物身上。展开更多
Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low na...Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.展开更多
This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the pu...This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant groups.When comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low elevations.The highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.展开更多
A novel optical microfiber asymmetric Fabry-Perot interferometric （MAFPI） sensor is developed for simultaneous measurement of force and temperature. The MAFPI structure is formed by a weak fiber Bragg grating （FBG...A novel optical microfiber asymmetric Fabry-Perot interferometric （MAFPI） sensor is developed for simultaneous measurement of force and temperature. The MAFPI structure is formed by a weak fiber Bragg grating （FBG）, a section of the microfiber, and a cleaved fiber end surface. The narrowband beam reflected from the low-reflectivity FBG and the broadband beam from the Fresnel reflection interfere lead to its unique sensing performance. The force sensing is performed by detecting the bending-loss induced fringe contrast changes, while the Bragg wavelength shift is employed for temperature measurement. Sensitivities of 9.8pm/℃ and 0.025dB/μN were obtained experimentally for temperature and force measurements, respectively.展开更多
文摘妇女的生存状况和精神历程向来都是玛格丽特·德拉布尔关注的问题。这一次她也不例外,新作《埃克斯穆尔高地的女巫》(The Witch of Exmoor),即描写了一个古怪的老年妇女作家走向隐匿的过程,书中不乏有作者的宏篇大论,因而也引起评论界的争议。《纽约时报书评》发表了署名为詹姆斯·伍德的文章,认为这本小说根本就是作者的奇思怪想,其中没有一个人物是真实的,德拉布尔把自己的观念强加到人物身上。
基金part of the research project ‘Legal frameworks for Conservation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Himalayas (HIMALINES)’ funded by the Norwegian Research Council (190153/V10) Olaf Grolles Legat
文摘Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in many regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aims to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Himalayas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from published literatures and herbarium specimens. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear models. The native plant species and invasive plant species have similar distribution patterns and the maximum number of invasive plant species is found in the same altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively high.Consequently, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a similar trend.Additionally, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as human population density and the number of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species may require similar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem more dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.
基金supported by GACR 526/09/0549and partly by AV0Z60050516
文摘This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant groups.When comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low elevations.The highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （61107073, 61107072 and 61290312）, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （ZYGX2011J002）, Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （20110185120020）, Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University （PCSIRT, IRT1218）, and the 111 Project （B 14039）. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author（s） and source are credited.
文摘A novel optical microfiber asymmetric Fabry-Perot interferometric （MAFPI） sensor is developed for simultaneous measurement of force and temperature. The MAFPI structure is formed by a weak fiber Bragg grating （FBG）, a section of the microfiber, and a cleaved fiber end surface. The narrowband beam reflected from the low-reflectivity FBG and the broadband beam from the Fresnel reflection interfere lead to its unique sensing performance. The force sensing is performed by detecting the bending-loss induced fringe contrast changes, while the Bragg wavelength shift is employed for temperature measurement. Sensitivities of 9.8pm/℃ and 0.025dB/μN were obtained experimentally for temperature and force measurements, respectively.
