先拉伞绳法数学模型及拉直力预测

给出了考虑伞绳粘弹性的降落伞先拉伞绳法拉直过程预测方法.建立了拉直过程数学模型的基本方程,理论分析了基本方程中粘性项对张力波在伞绳中传播的作用;弹性张力波不仅使伞衣套一端产生的张力通过伞绳传到前置体一端在时间上滞后一些,而且由于拉直过程中存在着吸收和弥散现象,使两端的张力不能相等.使用该模型计算了伞拉直运动和拉直力,对拉直力动态变化过程进行了分析.计算表明:前置体一端承受的最大拉直力不仅与伞衣底边被拉动瞬间产生的最大张力有关,而且与拉出伞衣底边以后产生的载荷张力有关.

顺拉法的最大拉直力

按照相对地球的惯性坐标系，根据动能定理，首先推导得出了回收物为“有限质量”情况下的拉直力计算公式，而后又根据回收物为“无限质量”的假设，得出了与文［１］，［２］相同的拉直力计算公式。在推导中，文［３］方程中的一项ＰｄＬ修正为Ｐｄｘ。

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Novel Plate-knitted Composite Tracheal Stents

A new knitted composite artificial tracheal stent made of polyglactin(PGLA) and polypropylene (PP) filaments for reinforcement and regeneration of human trachea has been developed by plated-knitting technique on a small-diameter circular knitting machine.Both tensile and compressive tests were carried out to determine the Young's modulus and the critical pressure corresponding to crushing of the stent.The experimental results confirmed that the new type of knitted composite artificial stent is mechanically feasible.

Strata behavior in extra-thick coal seam mining with upward slicing backfilling technology

Based on the character of upward slicing backfilling mining and the condition of Gonggeyingzi coal mine in Inner Mongolia,this paper describes the studies of the strata behavior and the stress distribution in the process of backfilling mining in extra-thick coal seams.This was achieved by setting up and analyzing the elastic foundation beam model using the ABAQUS software.The results show that:(1) With the gradual mining of different slices,the roof appears to bend continuously but does not break.The vertical stress in the roof decreases and the decreasing amplitude reduces,while the tensile stress in the roof grows with the mining slices and the maximum tensile stress will not exceed the allowable tensile stress.(2) The front vertical stress at the working face exceeds the rear vertical stress and both show a trend of decrease with decreasing amplitude of decrease.(3) The slices mined early have more influence on the surrounding rock than the later ones.Similarly,the strata behavior experiences the same trend.The field measured data show that the roof does not break during the mining process,which is consistent with the conclusion.

Direct tension and fracture resistance curves of ultra high performance marine composite materials

Fracture behavior is one of the most important,yet still little understood properties of ultra-high performance cementitious composites(UHPCC),a new marine structural engineering material. Research on the fracture and direct tension behavior of UHPCC was carried out.The constitution law of UHPCC was divided into three phases:pre-partial debonding,partial debonding,and pullout phases.A direct tension constitution law was constructed based on the proposed fiber reinforcing parameter as a function of fiber volume fraction,fiber diameter and length,and fiber bonding strength.With the definition of linear crack shape,the energy release rate of UHPCC was derived and the R-curve equation was calculated from this.Loading tests of UHPCC using a three-point bending beam with an initial notch were carried out.The predictions from the proposed R-curve were in good agreement with the test results, indicating that the proposed R-curve accurately describes the fracture resistance of UHPCC.Introduction of a fiber reinforcement parameter bridges the fracture property R-curve and micro-composites’ mechanics parameters together.This has laid the foundation for further research into fracture properties based on micro-mechanics.The proposed tension constitution law and R-curve can be references for future UHPCC fracture evaluation.

Effect of nozzle geometry on pressure drop in submerged gas injection

Submerged gas injection into liquid leads to complex multiphase flow, in which nozzle geometries are crucial important for the operational expenditure in terms of pressure drop. The influence of the nozzle geometry on pressure drop between nozzle inlet and outlet has been experimentally studied for different gas flow rates and bath depths. Nozzles with circular, gear-like and four-leaf cross-sectional shape have been studied. The results indicate that, besides the hydraulic diameter of the outlet, the orifice area and the perimeter of the nozzle tip also play significant roles. For the same superficial gas velocity, the average pressure drop from the four-leaf-shaped geometry is the least. The influence of bath depth was found negligible. A correlation for the modified Euler number considering the pressure drop is proposed depending on nozzle geometric parameter and on the modified Froude number with the hydraulic diameter of the nozzle do as characteristic length.

阻力伞高原气动力增大机理与控制方法研究及验证

针对飞机高原着陆释放阻力伞气动力增大机理与控制方法开展了研究与验证。首先,分析了阻力伞高/平原开伞动载情况。然后,对阻力伞高/平原拉直力进行了研究,理论推导出开伞过程中拉直力随海拔高度增加而增大;通过试验现象研究指出采用先拉伞衣法,拉直过程中主伞衣不加约束控制的随机充气,在提前充气阻力特征达到一定条件下,拉直力的数值会超过开伞动载,并分别在平原地区进行了调研取证和高原地区专项试验验证。最后,针对高原试验中阻力伞轴颈断裂问题,提出了加装伞衣套约束主伞衣提前充气控制拉直力增大的方法,并进行了试验验证。研究成果表明,对阻力伞高原开伞过程气动力增大机理与控制方法的研究及验证的结果是一致的,措施是有效的。