It aims to analyze the work of American International Association for Economic and Social Development （AIA）, a philanthropic agency founded by Nelson Rockefeller, between 1946 and 1961 in Brazil. Aiming to promote b...It aims to analyze the work of American International Association for Economic and Social Development （AIA）, a philanthropic agency founded by Nelson Rockefeller, between 1946 and 1961 in Brazil. Aiming to promote better standards of living to the Latin American rural population, AIA is merged in a historical context of increasing US economic and politic influence over Latin America and Brazil, diffusing and adapting US technical assistance programs to local contexts. However, this research developed the idea of an intense process of political negotiation, including resistance from Brazilian political staff. Also, there were many difficulties in adapting these programs to the local context, leading to constant reorganization of the AIA＇s work in Brazil.展开更多
We intend to get a close look at Foucault＇s work on biopolitics with the aim of contrasting some of its aspects with the developments linked to the emancipatory and liberating potential of the notion of life （living...We intend to get a close look at Foucault＇s work on biopolitics with the aim of contrasting some of its aspects with the developments linked to the emancipatory and liberating potential of the notion of life （living corporeality） within the framework of Enrique Dussel＇s Latin American Political Philosophy. We are interested in these theoretical approaches （Foucault＇s biopolitics and Dussel＇s Liberation Politics） given the political implications and prominence they grant to the notions of body and life in contemporary societies. The works we are interested in to contrast present different standpoints： In the first one, life is related to the exercise of political power, whereas in the second one its approach concentrates on political emancipation processes. We believe, however, that it is possible to find convergence points between them that allow us to explain, to a certain extent, the importance of the notion of life in contemporary societies. For this purpose, we will carry out an analysis of the notion of ＂counter behaviors,＂ a concept that Foucault briefly develops to explain how life has not been thoroughly integrated to technologies that dominate or run it but instead escape them ceaselessly.展开更多
Given Latin America＇s historical and robust religiosity, how do sociologists explain that Uruguay became an extremely secular society since the turn of the twentieth century？ Earliest attempts to interpret and expla...Given Latin America＇s historical and robust religiosity, how do sociologists explain that Uruguay became an extremely secular society since the turn of the twentieth century？ Earliest attempts to interpret and explain Uruguayan secular society came in the 1960s from Uruguayan scholars. Typically, these studies were produced by religious practitioners, or at least researchers sympathetic to religion, who attributed weak religiosity, at least weak Catholicism, to two factors： the lack of a colonial heritage and European immigration. Counterfactuals to the ＂weak institution＂ and the ＂social base＂ claims are based on new research, especially as it pertains to immigration and settlement patterns among Italian and Spanish immigrants. The counter-arguments presented here, while not entirely invalidating the ＂social base＂ and ＂weak institutional church＂ claims make it more difficult to assume that urban demographics and ecclesiastical history in Uruguay are significantly correlated to the secularization of Uruguayan society. This study is important because it creates theoretical space that should stimulate researchers to consider alternative causes for Uruguayan secular society that provide greater explanatory power by integrating historically contingent evidence in the context of theoretical explanation展开更多
This paper analyzes the poetry of Delmira Agustini, Alfonsina Storni, and Giovanna Pollarolo, three Latin American poets who collectively spanned the arc of the 20th century, in order to demonstrate that they were all...This paper analyzes the poetry of Delmira Agustini, Alfonsina Storni, and Giovanna Pollarolo, three Latin American poets who collectively spanned the arc of the 20th century, in order to demonstrate that they were all acting to subvert certain stereotypical notions propagated by society and by canonical literature. While Agustini used a parodic discourse to deconstruct the sacrality of masculinity, Storni employed parody and excessive calculated use of quotes from canonical male authors to subvert the traditional images and roles assigned to women. Parody, hyperbolic images, and ambiguity will be analyzed here as the major literary means used by these two poets to criticize the deep-rooted, gendered discourse of their times. Pollarolo＇s poetry, as well as that of Stomi, will be analyzed as ＂minor＂ literature, as described in the theories of Deleuze and Guattari展开更多
IN an interview early last August with the New York Times,U.S.President Obama remarked that China had been a global free rider for the past 30 years,and that the U.S.does not expect China to do anything substantial in...IN an interview early last August with the New York Times,U.S.President Obama remarked that China had been a global free rider for the past 30 years,and that the U.S.does not expect China to do anything substantial in dealing with Iraq.Obama is in fact not the first to accuse China of being a free rider in the international community.展开更多
China＇s economic and social ties with Africa have grown sturdily since 2000 and the shifts are so marked that, by 2009, China＇s share in sub-Saharan Africa＇s total exports and imports exceeded that between China an...China＇s economic and social ties with Africa have grown sturdily since 2000 and the shifts are so marked that, by 2009, China＇s share in sub-Saharan Africa＇s total exports and imports exceeded that between China and other regions in the world. Africa has as well received year-on-year increases in foreign aid from China as compared to Latin America and Asia. This paper seeks an analysis of the increasing economic and social ties between China and Africa. Employing the political economy framework, this paper uses secondary sources of data to rake out the benefits and the threats as well as the political dynamics associated with the ties between the two regions. The paper reveals that China＇s deep-rooted relationship with Africa is translated in benefits including foreign aid, Foreign Direct Investment （FDI）, construction of physical amenities and human resource development for Africa. However, enormous threats including loss of employment, deprivation of human rights and collapse of industries, which are being entrenched by various degrees of leadership deficiencies, are apparent. The paper concludes that the ties, in terms of nature and effects, do not essentially represent change from the already existing ties between Africa and the West but only represent continuity in the dependency syndrome with a new ＂benefactor-exploiter＂. The solution for Africa, as the paper suggests, does not lie in closure of ties with China but in a knowledgeable, willing and action-oriented leadership which can consolidate the benefits and reverse the threats emerging from the ties.展开更多
文摘It aims to analyze the work of American International Association for Economic and Social Development （AIA）, a philanthropic agency founded by Nelson Rockefeller, between 1946 and 1961 in Brazil. Aiming to promote better standards of living to the Latin American rural population, AIA is merged in a historical context of increasing US economic and politic influence over Latin America and Brazil, diffusing and adapting US technical assistance programs to local contexts. However, this research developed the idea of an intense process of political negotiation, including resistance from Brazilian political staff. Also, there were many difficulties in adapting these programs to the local context, leading to constant reorganization of the AIA＇s work in Brazil.
文摘We intend to get a close look at Foucault＇s work on biopolitics with the aim of contrasting some of its aspects with the developments linked to the emancipatory and liberating potential of the notion of life （living corporeality） within the framework of Enrique Dussel＇s Latin American Political Philosophy. We are interested in these theoretical approaches （Foucault＇s biopolitics and Dussel＇s Liberation Politics） given the political implications and prominence they grant to the notions of body and life in contemporary societies. The works we are interested in to contrast present different standpoints： In the first one, life is related to the exercise of political power, whereas in the second one its approach concentrates on political emancipation processes. We believe, however, that it is possible to find convergence points between them that allow us to explain, to a certain extent, the importance of the notion of life in contemporary societies. For this purpose, we will carry out an analysis of the notion of ＂counter behaviors,＂ a concept that Foucault briefly develops to explain how life has not been thoroughly integrated to technologies that dominate or run it but instead escape them ceaselessly.
文摘Given Latin America＇s historical and robust religiosity, how do sociologists explain that Uruguay became an extremely secular society since the turn of the twentieth century？ Earliest attempts to interpret and explain Uruguayan secular society came in the 1960s from Uruguayan scholars. Typically, these studies were produced by religious practitioners, or at least researchers sympathetic to religion, who attributed weak religiosity, at least weak Catholicism, to two factors： the lack of a colonial heritage and European immigration. Counterfactuals to the ＂weak institution＂ and the ＂social base＂ claims are based on new research, especially as it pertains to immigration and settlement patterns among Italian and Spanish immigrants. The counter-arguments presented here, while not entirely invalidating the ＂social base＂ and ＂weak institutional church＂ claims make it more difficult to assume that urban demographics and ecclesiastical history in Uruguay are significantly correlated to the secularization of Uruguayan society. This study is important because it creates theoretical space that should stimulate researchers to consider alternative causes for Uruguayan secular society that provide greater explanatory power by integrating historically contingent evidence in the context of theoretical explanation
文摘This paper analyzes the poetry of Delmira Agustini, Alfonsina Storni, and Giovanna Pollarolo, three Latin American poets who collectively spanned the arc of the 20th century, in order to demonstrate that they were all acting to subvert certain stereotypical notions propagated by society and by canonical literature. While Agustini used a parodic discourse to deconstruct the sacrality of masculinity, Storni employed parody and excessive calculated use of quotes from canonical male authors to subvert the traditional images and roles assigned to women. Parody, hyperbolic images, and ambiguity will be analyzed here as the major literary means used by these two poets to criticize the deep-rooted, gendered discourse of their times. Pollarolo＇s poetry, as well as that of Stomi, will be analyzed as ＂minor＂ literature, as described in the theories of Deleuze and Guattari
文摘IN an interview early last August with the New York Times,U.S.President Obama remarked that China had been a global free rider for the past 30 years,and that the U.S.does not expect China to do anything substantial in dealing with Iraq.Obama is in fact not the first to accuse China of being a free rider in the international community.
文摘China＇s economic and social ties with Africa have grown sturdily since 2000 and the shifts are so marked that, by 2009, China＇s share in sub-Saharan Africa＇s total exports and imports exceeded that between China and other regions in the world. Africa has as well received year-on-year increases in foreign aid from China as compared to Latin America and Asia. This paper seeks an analysis of the increasing economic and social ties between China and Africa. Employing the political economy framework, this paper uses secondary sources of data to rake out the benefits and the threats as well as the political dynamics associated with the ties between the two regions. The paper reveals that China＇s deep-rooted relationship with Africa is translated in benefits including foreign aid, Foreign Direct Investment （FDI）, construction of physical amenities and human resource development for Africa. However, enormous threats including loss of employment, deprivation of human rights and collapse of industries, which are being entrenched by various degrees of leadership deficiencies, are apparent. The paper concludes that the ties, in terms of nature and effects, do not essentially represent change from the already existing ties between Africa and the West but only represent continuity in the dependency syndrome with a new ＂benefactor-exploiter＂. The solution for Africa, as the paper suggests, does not lie in closure of ties with China but in a knowledgeable, willing and action-oriented leadership which can consolidate the benefits and reverse the threats emerging from the ties.
