深埋巷道拉裂-剪切式片帮力学机理及支护技术

针对深埋巷道开挖后煤帮发生的拉裂-剪切式片帮,根据摩尔-库伦准则和片帮体极限平衡方程,建立了深埋巷道片帮体在支承压力、自重应力、后缘拉力及剪切面上滑移力共同作用下的受力模型,并基于片帮体的极限平衡条件推导了片帮体的前缘高度、后缘拉裂深度及水平坍塌宽度等关键参数的理论计算公式,讨论了帮部岩体的黏聚力、内摩擦角、抗拉强度和水平坍塌宽度对片帮体后缘拉裂深度的影响。结果表明:巷道帮部发生拉裂-剪切式片帮时的后缘拉裂深度与帮部煤体的黏聚力和内摩擦角呈正相关关系,与巷道帮部煤体的抗拉强度和片帮体的水平坍塌宽度呈负相关关系;当巷道帮部煤体黏聚力、内摩擦角及抗拉强度达到一定量值时,煤帮的拉裂-剪切式片帮将发展为单斜面剪切片帮。在确定片帮体破坏参数的基础上,提出了针对片帮区域煤体的锚杆和锚索联合支护方法。当锚杆最佳安装角控制在为30°~90°时,可以与锚索形成有效兜护结构,优化后的支护方式可以有效防止煤帮发生拉裂-剪切式破坏。最后,以某矿401工作面运输巷130~225 m段为工程实例,运用上述成果从理论上分析了片帮煤体的前缘高度、水平坍塌宽度及后缘拉裂高度等关键参数,并优化了该段巷道帮部的初期锚杆支护方案,取得了良好的支护效果。

In-site core disking phenomenon and break mechanism of hard marble:Investigation in 2400 m deep-buried underground laboratory

The core-disk phenomenon has been observed generally in the drilling process under high-stress conditions.This paper presents the in-situ experimental study of the coring-disking failure mechanism of marble in an underground cavens with 2400 m depth.Based on the disk samples in several boreholes with different diameters,both macro-and micro-morphological characteristics of core-disks’break surface were analysis,using 3D optical scanning and electron microscope scanning.Moreover,the numerical back analysis was also used to simulate the drilling process for demonstrating the development of core disking.The in-situ experiment results showed that the failure types of core disking consisted of tensile break and shear break,i.e.,the shear break usually appears in the edge part of break surface,and tensile break appears in the central part.What’s more,the ration of core-disks thickness to borehole diameter is in a relatively stable range.Numerical back analysis indicated this micro asynchronous break of hard marble is induced by high geostress and unloading drill.

Cracking process of rock mass models under uniaxial compression

Anisotropic strength and deformability of the rock mass with non-persistent joints are governed by cracking process of the rock bridges. The dependence of cracking process of jointed rock masses on the two important geometrical parameters, joint orientation and joint persistence, was studied systematically by carrying out a series of uniaxial compression tests on gypsum specimens with regularly arranged multiple parallel pre-existing joints. According to crack position, mechanism and temporal sequence, seven types of crack initiations and sixteen types of crack coalescences, were identified. It was observed that both tensile cracks and shear cracks can emanate from the pre-existing joints as well as the matrix. Vertical joints were included and coplanar tensile cracks initiation and coalescence were observed accordingly. For specimen with joint inclination angle ,8=75~, it was found that collinear joints can be linked not only by coplanar shear cracks but also by mixed tensile-shear cracks, and that a pair of them can form a small rotation block. Seven failure modes, including axial cleavage, crushing, crushing and rotation of new blocks, stepped failure, stepped failure and rotation of new blocks, shear failure along a single plane and shear failure along multiple planes, were observed. These modes shift gradually in accordance with the combined variation of joint orientation and joint persistence. It is concluded that cracking process and failure modes are more strongly affected by joint orientation than by joint persistence, especially when joint inclination angle is larger than 45~. Finally, variations of macroscopic mechanical behaviors with the two geometrical parameters, such as patterns of the complete axial stress-axial strain curves, peak strength and elastic modulus, are summarized and their mechanisms are successfully explained according to their different cracking process.