色觉的拓扑学模型和色盲矫正曲线设计

色觉过程的研究涉及到生物物理、生物化学、生理心理、医学和数学等学科。解剖学已揭示:人眼中有一亿多个视细胞,只有一百万条神经纤维来传递信息。从视网膜上的多重横向联系,可以断定视网膜是一个复杂的网络,承担信息的综合与加工。显然,在这一网络中三种视锥细胞分别是红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)三种信息的输入端。带有神经纤维的神经节细胞是输出端,信息在视网膜中进行矩阵变换,调解出色度信号和发光密度信号(U、V和L),经由视束传递到具有六层组织的外侧膝状体,在此经矩阵解码,重新调解出基色信息量R、G、B.经视辐射向大脑皮层视区放射,最后由大脑综合分析。

Adaptive topology learning of camera network across non-overlapping views

An adaptive topology learning approach is proposed to learn the topology of a practical camera network in an unsupervised way. The nodes are modeled by the Gaussian mixture model. The connectivity between nodes is judged by their cross-correlation function, which is also used to calculate their transition time distribution. The mutual information of the connected node pair is employed for transition probability calculation. A false link eliminating approach is proposed, along with a topology updating strategy to improve the learned topology. A real monitoring system with five disjoint cameras is built for experiments. Comparative results with traditional methods show that the proposed method is more accurate in topology learning and is more robust to environmental changes.

Evolutional Algorithm Based Cascade Long Reach Passive Optical Networks Planning

In this paper, we propose a mathe- matical model for long reach Passive Optical Networks （PON） planning. The model consid- ers the traffic demand, user requirements and physical constraints. It can support conven- tional star-like topologies as well as cascade PON networks. Then a two-stage evolutional algorithm is described to solve this problem. The first stage was to find a proper splitter can- didate site set, composing the outer loop. The second stage aimed to get the optimal topology when the splitter locations were selected, com- posing the internal loop. In this algorithm, the Pr/ifer sequence is used to build up a one-to-one correspondence between a PON network configuration and a chromosome. Compared with the results obtained by the enumeration method, the proposed model and algorithm are shown to be effective and accu- rate.

On the Model Properties of BCK Algebras

This paper is devoted to the study of the logical properties of BCK algebras. For formalized BCK algebra theory T, it is proved that T is preserved under submodels and unions of chains; T is neither complete nor model complete, and hence there exist no built-in Skolem function. Moreover, the ultraproduct BCK algebras and the fuzzy ultraproduct of fuzzy subsets of BCK algebras were proposed by using the concept of ultrafilters with corresponding properties of fuzzy ideals discussed.

Topology of Prion Proteins

A conformal structure of a prion protein is thought to cause a prion disease by S.B. Prusiner＇s theory. Knot theory in mathematics is useful in studying a topological difference of topological objects. In this article, concerning this conjecture, a topological model of prion proteins （PrPc, PrPsc） called a prion-tangle is introduced to discuss a question of whether or not the prion proteins are easily entangled by an approach from the mathematical knot theory. It is noted that any prion-string with trivial loop which is a topological model of a prion protein can not be entangled topologically unless a certain restriction such as ＂Rotaxsane Property＂ is imposed on it. Nevertheless, it is shown that any two split prion-tangles can be changed by a one-crossing change into a non-split prion-tangle with the given prion-tangles contained while some attentions are paid to the loop systems. The proof is made by a mathematical argument on knot theory of spatial graphs. This means that the question above is answered affirmatively in this topological model of prion-tangles. Next, a question of what is the simplest topological situation of the non-split prion-tangles is considered. By a mathematical argument, it is determined for every n 〉 1 that the minimal crossing number of n-string non-split prion-tangles is 2n or 2n-2, respectively, according to whether or not the assumption that the loop system is a trivial link is counted.

Study on Microblog Dissemination Law in View ol Forwarding

Forwarding is a major means of information dissemination on the Microblog platform.The article,combining static analysis and dynamic analysis,takes Microblog forwarding as the object of study,and studies the network topology of grass-roots Microblog forwarding users.It also studies the correlation between characteristic quantity and forwarding times of Microblog network topology.Furthermore,it conducts modification on virus transmission model,builds and verifies the Microblog forwarding dynamical model.The study finds out that Microblog postings present qute strong dissemination capacity on the initial stage,and some Microblog postings with many forwarding times and long duration of forwarding process due to the dynamic growth of the forwarding user network and the joining of strong nodes make network infection density decrease in some phases.

Effects of Different Connectivity Topologies in Small World Networks on EEG-Like Activities

Based on our previously pulse-coupled integrate-and-fire neuron model in small world networks, we investigate the effects of different connectivity topologies on complex behavior of electroencephalographic-like signals produced by this model. We show that several times series analysis methods that are often used for analyzing complex behavior of electroencephalographic-like signals, such as reconstruction of the phase space, correlation dimension, fractal dimension, and the Hurst exponent within the rescaled range analysis （R/S）. We lind that the different connectivity topologies lead to different dynamical behaviors in models of integrate-and-fire neurons.

Kinematic Model Extraction for Serial Manipulators Which Have in Different Topologies in Vpython Environment

In this study, we aim at obtaining inverse kinematic model of a serial manipulator using spatial operator algebra. For testing the inverse kinematic algorithm, the Vpython software program which has simultaneous view and software working, is used. The aim is to measure the inverse kinematics modeling work on different serial manipulator mechanisms with spatial vector algebra. The algorithm is used with the same reference inputs on the recursive, exact and nonrecursive manipulators. During the tests, the permitted error tolerance is 0.01 cm. The graph plots show that the algorithm is fit for the error tolerance.

Internal short circuit detection method for battery pack based on circuit topology

Internal short circuit(ISCr) is one of the major obstacles to the improvement of the battery safety. The ISCr may lead to the battery thermal runaway and is hard to be detected in the early stage. In this work, a new ISCr detection method based on the symmetrical loop circuit topology(SLCT) is introduced. The SLCT ensures that every battery has the same priority in the circuit and every battery will contribute the same amount of short-circuit current to the ISCr once the ISCr happens. The ISCr battery could be identified by the combination of the ratio of the short-circuit currents and the sign of the short-circuit currents. The recursive least square method is adopted for the real-time application and the optimized ammeters allocation is derived from the mathematic deduction. The battery pack based on the individual DP(dual polarization) battery model is established to verify the ISCr detection method. The 1–1000 Ω s ISCr(the early stage ISCr) can be effectively detected within 1–125 s. The SLCT provides the possibility of new battery pack designs and new battery management methods. The proposed ISCr detection method shows excellent effectiveness and efficiency on the identification of the ISCr battery in the early stage.

Origin and structures of solar eruptions Ⅱ: Magnetic modeling

The topology and dynamics of the three-dimensional magnetic field in the solar atmosphere govern various solar eruptive phenomena and activities, such as flares, coronal mass ejections, and filaments/prominences. We have to observe and model the vector magnetic field to understand the structures and physical mechanisms of these solar activities. Vector magnetic fields on the photosphere are routinely observed via the polarized light, and inferred with the inversion of Stokes profiles. To analyze these vector magnetic fields, we need first to remove the 180° ambiguity of the transverse components and correct the projection effect. Then, the vector magnetic field can be served as the boundary conditions for a force-free field modeling after a proper preprocessing. The photospheric velocity field can also be derived from a time sequence of vector magnetic fields.Three-dimensional magnetic field could be derived and studied with theoretical force-free field models, numerical nonlinear force-free field models, magnetohydrostatic models, and magnetohydrodynamic models. Magnetic energy can be computed with three-dimensional magnetic field models or a time series of vector magnetic field. The magnetic topology is analyzed by pinpointing the positions of magnetic null points, bald patches, and quasi-separatrix layers. As a well conserved physical quantity,magnetic helicity can be computed with various methods, such as the finite volume method, discrete flux tube method, and helicity flux integration method. This quantity serves as a promising parameter characterizing the activity level of solar active regions.

Modeling DNA ＆ RNA mutation using mset and topology

Mathematical equations are now found not only in the books, but also they help in finding solutions for the biological problems by explaining the technicality of the current biological models and providing predictions that can be validated and complemented to experimental and clinical studies. In this research paper, we use the mset theory to study DNA ＆： RNA mutations to discover the mutation occurrence. Also, we use the link between the concept of the meet and topology to determine the compatibility or similarity between ＂types＂, which may be the strings of bits, vectors, DNA or RNA sequences, etc.

Separation axioms under crossover operator and its generalized

The purpose of this work is to construct a new crossover operator using the properties of DNA and RNA by using topological concepts in constructing flexible mathematical models in the field of biomathematics. Also, we investigate and study topological prop- erties of the constructed operators and the associated topological spaces of DNA and RNA. Finally we use the process of exchange for sequence of genotypes structures to construct new types of topological concepts to investigate and discuss several examples and some of their properties.