纳米材料独特的表面性质可以使材料改性,从而生产出性能优越、满足不同需要的油田化学添加剂。以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为主要原料,研究了纳米ZnO通过拟交联作用,对CTAC蠕虫状胶束黏度、耐温和降滤失性能的影响,分析了其作用机理...纳米材料独特的表面性质可以使材料改性,从而生产出性能优越、满足不同需要的油田化学添加剂。以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为主要原料,研究了纳米ZnO通过拟交联作用,对CTAC蠕虫状胶束黏度、耐温和降滤失性能的影响,分析了其作用机理。研究结果表明,水杨酸钠与CTAC的物质的量比为1.25∶1时,体系形成最大长度的蠕虫状胶束,黏度达到最大;纳米ZnO能够改善CTAC黏弹性胶束溶液的黏度、热稳定性和剪切稳定性,尤其在中低温增黏效果显著,90℃高温时仍有增黏作用,改性体系黏度可以保持在60 m Pa·s;优化得出纳米ZnO的质量分数为0.2%时对体系增黏效果最好;具有极高比表面积的纳米ZnO很容易吸附在胶束表面,屏蔽了胶束之间的静电排斥作用,使CTAC胶束形成一种更加稳定的三维网状结构;改性体系符合Maxwell流体模型,是具有单一松弛时间的线性黏弹性流体。展开更多
Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situatio...Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situation in a society or an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for us to make efforts and take measures to elicit cooperative behaviors. It was demonstrated theoretically that altruism strategy and adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy are in some cases better than rational strategy under the situation of social dilemma. We built up a mathematical model in order to examine how the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining the behavior （cooperation or defection） of opponents and the mixture of （a） altruism （all cooperation） strategy, （b） individualism （all defection） strategy, and （c） adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy affected the expected profit. Simulation results showed that the tit-for-tat strategy was better than the rational （individualism） strategy when the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining defection of the opponent was considerably higher. As an application of the basic study above, it was explored, using a simulation method, how such a system as opening reputation or peer review in public could work satisfactorily to prevent defective behaviors in auction dealing. The result showed that the information on the handle name and the reputation effectively worked to prevent defective behaviors.展开更多
The reactive force field was used to study the molecular dynamics of cross-linked EPON 862 （diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F） and DETDA （diethylene toluene diamine） system in order to predict its thermo-mechanical ...The reactive force field was used to study the molecular dynamics of cross-linked EPON 862 （diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F） and DETDA （diethylene toluene diamine） system in order to predict its thermo-mechanical behavior under different loading conditions. The approach for building the EPON 862/DETDA structures, cross-linking, and equilibration of the systems, and the evaluation of the models are presented. The mechanical properties such as Young＇s and shear moduli, Poisson ratio, and yields strength as well as thermal properties such as glass transition temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion are predicted. The results are in close agreement with both experimental data and simulated results in literature.展开更多
文摘纳米材料独特的表面性质可以使材料改性,从而生产出性能优越、满足不同需要的油田化学添加剂。以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为主要原料,研究了纳米ZnO通过拟交联作用,对CTAC蠕虫状胶束黏度、耐温和降滤失性能的影响,分析了其作用机理。研究结果表明,水杨酸钠与CTAC的物质的量比为1.25∶1时,体系形成最大长度的蠕虫状胶束,黏度达到最大;纳米ZnO能够改善CTAC黏弹性胶束溶液的黏度、热稳定性和剪切稳定性,尤其在中低温增黏效果显著,90℃高温时仍有增黏作用,改性体系黏度可以保持在60 m Pa·s;优化得出纳米ZnO的质量分数为0.2%时对体系增黏效果最好;具有极高比表面积的纳米ZnO很容易吸附在胶束表面,屏蔽了胶束之间的静电排斥作用,使CTAC胶束形成一种更加稳定的三维网状结构;改性体系符合Maxwell流体模型,是具有单一松弛时间的线性黏弹性流体。
文摘Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situation in a society or an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for us to make efforts and take measures to elicit cooperative behaviors. It was demonstrated theoretically that altruism strategy and adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy are in some cases better than rational strategy under the situation of social dilemma. We built up a mathematical model in order to examine how the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining the behavior （cooperation or defection） of opponents and the mixture of （a） altruism （all cooperation） strategy, （b） individualism （all defection） strategy, and （c） adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy affected the expected profit. Simulation results showed that the tit-for-tat strategy was better than the rational （individualism） strategy when the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining defection of the opponent was considerably higher. As an application of the basic study above, it was explored, using a simulation method, how such a system as opening reputation or peer review in public could work satisfactorily to prevent defective behaviors in auction dealing. The result showed that the information on the handle name and the reputation effectively worked to prevent defective behaviors.
文摘The reactive force field was used to study the molecular dynamics of cross-linked EPON 862 （diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-F） and DETDA （diethylene toluene diamine） system in order to predict its thermo-mechanical behavior under different loading conditions. The approach for building the EPON 862/DETDA structures, cross-linking, and equilibration of the systems, and the evaluation of the models are presented. The mechanical properties such as Young＇s and shear moduli, Poisson ratio, and yields strength as well as thermal properties such as glass transition temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion are predicted. The results are in close agreement with both experimental data and simulated results in literature.
