拟合系数定常回归法分析生物柴油运动黏度影响因素

以小桐子生物柴油为原料,研究了氧化程度和温度对生物柴油运动黏度的单一和复合影响规律,并建立了拟合系数定常回归法用于构建不同氧化程度和温度双因素对生物柴油运动黏度影响的数学模型。结果表明:生物柴油运动黏度随温度升高而逐渐降低,受温度单一因素影响的数学模型为η=e^(A+Bt+Ct^2);生物柴油运动黏度随氧化时间延长而逐渐增加,建立的运动黏度与电导率的函数关系为η=A+Bμ;运动黏度与温度及氧化程度函数关系为η=0. 194+0. 007μ+e^(2.609-0.035t+0. 000 1t^2)。

拟合系数定常回归法分析生物柴油酯化反应影响因素的数学模型

以吡啶硫酸氢盐离子液体为催化剂,对硬脂酸和异戊醇催化制备硬脂酸异戊酯的转化率进行了研究。发现反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量和醇酸摩尔比对生物柴油酯化反应的单一和复合影响规律,并利用拟合系数定常回归法构建这4种因素对生物柴油酯化反应复合作用的数学模型,得到生物柴油酯化反应转化率与4种因素的单一及复合影响的函数关系。并在醇酸摩尔比7∶1、反应时间30 min、催化剂用量7%、反应温度90℃的条件下对复合影响数学模型进行验证。结果表明,运用数学模型计算所得转化率为98.7358%,与转化率实验值98.34%进行比较,相对误差仅为0.402%。

棕榈酸异戊酯的制备及酯化反应复合影响因素的数学模型

生物质燃油因其可再生且环保等特性获得广泛应用,但相较于传统柴油来说,其运动黏度、表面张力等物性参数较大,使得整体雾化质量较差,影响燃烧性能。所以普遍的方法是使生物质燃油与酯类发生酯化反应,将其转化为相应的生物柴油,达到优化雾化质量的目的,其中参数酯化反应转化率对于评价实验过程经济性和可靠性至关重要。对生物柴油酯化反应的转化率进行了研究,以棕榈酸和异戊醇为反应物,离子液体为催化剂进行酯化反应。采用拟合系数定常回归法研究反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量和醇酸摩尔比4个因素对制备棕榈酸异戊酯酯化反应复合作用的数学模型,得到了棕榈酸异戊酯反应转化率与4个影响因素的函数关系。运用此数学模型计算所得酯化转化率95.02%,与在实验反应时间、反应温度、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量分别为60 min、90℃、10∶1、6%时与95.35%的换算率相比,相对误差仅为0.35%,这表明数学模型的可靠性和准确性很高,可应用于实际对类似酯化反应进行预测。

水轮机导叶漏水量测试研究综述

水轮机导叶漏水量测试是评判机组制造、安装、检修质量的重要指标,从水轮机导叶漏水量的测试方法选择、计算方法、闸门漏水量影响等方面进行了总结。结果表明:使用容积法时,采用切线斜率比拟合系数法的测试结果更为精确;闸门漏水量对导叶漏水量测试结果存在一定影响,在进水口闸门漏水量合格的情况下,名义闸门漏水量对导叶漏水量计算结果的影响相对较小。建议根据实际情况和测试条件、测试精度需求决定导叶漏水量的测试方法。

生物柴油酯基结构优化反应及低温流动性的研究

本实验主要研究了反应时间、反应温度、醇酸摩尔比和催化剂用量对棕榈酸异丙酯转化率的影响规律,并建立了拟合系数定常回归法用于构建这4种因素用于构建这4种因素对酯化反应单一及复合作用的数学模型,并且以实验得到的棕榈酸异丙酯和棕榈酸甲酯的运动黏度进行了综合对比分析。研究表明:用此数学模型计算所得转化率为92.61%,与实验值转化率92.98%相比较,相对误差仅为0.4%;用棕榈酸异丙酯代替棕榈酸甲酯能有效改善生柴油低温流动性。

Construction of reasonable pillar group for undersea mining in metal mine

In order to achieve the safe mining in Sanshandao Gold Mine,five schemes of secure pillar group are designed.Using the method of the renormalization group,the failure mechanism of the pillar group is explored,and the safety factor of the pillar system is also obtained.The displacement characteristics,stress-strain laws,distribution of plastic zone and damage range of different pillar group are analyzed using numerical calculation software FLAC3D.To determine a reasonable pillar group scheme,the pillar stability and roof deformation are utilized to evaluate the safety of the pillar group.In addition,the theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is adopted to verify the optimal scheme.The pillar group with the lowest roof deformation value is chosen as the optimal plan,which renders a factor of safety of 2.06 for the pillar group.According to this scheme,pillars with the width of 10 m are set along the strike of undersea deposit with the interval of 50 m.Rib pillars of 15 m in width are set at the location of the exploration line of 127,151 and 167.The analysis can be used to provide guidance for optimal design of pillar structures in undersea mining.

Estimation of mass transfer coefficient in ozone absorption by linear least square fitting and Simplex search methods

For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption and both methods give almost the same mass transfer coefficient.While for chemical absorption with ozone decomposition reaction,the common linear least square fitting method is not applicable for the evaluation of ozone mass transfer coefficient due to the difficulty of model linearization for describing ozone concentration dissolved in water.The nonlinear Simplex method obtains the mass transfer coefficient by minimizing the sum of the differences between the simulated and experimental ozone concentration during the whole absorption process,without the limitation of linear relationship between the dissolved ozone concentration and absorption time during the initial stage of absorption.Comparison of the ozone concentration profiles between the simulation and experimental data demonstrates that Simplex method may determine ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption in an accurate and high efficiency way with wide applicability.