“拟误”格短信的功能语篇分析与语篇模型

本文是运用韩礼德的系统功能语言学理论,对汉语语篇进行功能分析的尝试。通过对一类短信语篇进行三大纯理功能的分析,揭示出这类语篇在人际意义、语气结构、小句过程类型、主位结构、衔接手段等多个方面的系列“特异”性质。语篇的典型结构模式为“起———承———转/落”三个步骤。本文的分析显示,系统功能语言学的方法是一种行之有效的语篇分析方法,对于汉语语篇的分析具有良好的实践意义。

概念整合理论对拟误短信幽默生成过程的阐释

文章从概念整合的角度阐述理解短信幽默的认知机制,该理论能清晰地将幽默效果的获取这一动态的过程呈现出来,证明了概念整合理论对幽默言语有着很强的阐释力。文章以概念整合理论为基点,用具体实例来详细分析概念整合在理解短信幽默时的运作过程,并同时强调推理这一思维形式贯穿于幽默言语解读的始终。

拟误之趣,容错之阈——网络语流行之二要素

网络语多半为"编码拟误"而来,而所拟之误,必须是已经进入集体容错阈的语误,编码拟误的使用,其实是建立在拟误材料已进入集体容错阈的基础之上的。网络语的流行,离不开两大要素:拟误之趣,容错之阈。拟误之趣是其产生的前提条件,容错之阈是其生存发展的基础条件。

“拟误”格手机短信幽默效应的认知探析

"拟误"格手机短信异于其他幽默语篇的特征在于:1.必须在有限的电子空间内实现幽默;2.文本前部分为普通的情节陈诉,后半部分则"出乎意料"。其对应的心理认知机制为:信息逐句通过心智视窗接受加工处理,在心理空间内形成相关语义范畴并对下文信息产生心理期待。当实际输入的新信息所构建的不良例样在语义范畴中突显时,语篇幽默由此产生。因而,CDS信息推理和范畴例样突显的共同作用是该类语篇幽默效应实现的动因。

试谈修辞新格—“拟误”

句子是由词或词组按照一定的规律组成的能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位。如果遣词造句违背了一定的规律,或者内容不合事理,句子就会产生毛病而有碍于人们表达感情、交流思想。但是,作者为了达到某种特定的修辞目的。

网络流行语中的非典型差比构式“比N还A”——以“比巧克力还巧”为例

非典型差比构式"比N还A"中的N是一个不符合框式结构"比……还……"语义制约的构件,它并不具有构件A所表述的特征。虽然不符合逻辑关系,但非典型差比构式"比N还A"的存在可以获得语用学、修辞学和语言类型学的支持。非典型差比构式"比N还A"具有主观表态的语用目的,主观评价则是非典型差比构式"比N还A"最主要的语用功能。从修辞学角度分析,非典型差比构式"比N还A"还运用了拟误手法,具有同字异类的辞趣。非典型差比构式"比N还A"是在典型差比构式"比X还A"的基础上衍生出来的一种修辞构式。

Cointegration analysis with structural changes between consumption and economic growth in China

In order to investigate the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, the relationship between the gross domestic product （GDP） and consumption in China was investigated by the cointegration analysis method. Using the Engle-Granger （EG） test and considering the possibility of structural changes, the impact of external economic shocks on the long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China was analyzed. Analysis results show that without considering structural changes, the EG test cannot detect cointegration in the series subjected to structural changes; in considering structural changes, cointegration is successfully detected by specifying the dummy variable. In addition, the error correction models were constructed in different periods. This study verifies the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and consumption in China, and this relationship has significantly changed in 1989 and 1997, respectively.

利用电磁力进行高精度加工的方法

这一设计是有关利用电磁力对管材等被加工毛坯材料进行加工的方法。右图所示为这一设计应用实例中的电磁成形装置纵断面图。将被加工毛坯材料放置在成形用模与产生电磁力的线圈之间,线圈通电以后(原文为“通过线圈放电”,拟误。译注),由该电磁力对被加工材料在成形金属模中进行表面的挤压加工。

Formal safety assessment and application of the navigation simulators for preventing human error in ship operations

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain formal assessing steps to generate effective recommendations and cautions to control marine risks and improve the safety of ships. On the basis of the brief introduction of FSA, this paper describes the ideas of applying FSA to the prevention of human error in ship operations. It especially discusses the investigation and analysis of the information and data using navigation simulators and puts forward some suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA research work for safer ship operations.

Reconstructing non-ideal-bordered field by simple self-correlative algebraic reconstruction technique

A new algorithm for iterative reconstruction is suggested.It is named simple self-correlative algebraic reconstruction technique (SSART).With numerical simulation experiments,SSART was applied in reconstructing a non-ideal-bordered field in order to test its reconstructive effect.For contrast,three current representative algebraic reconstruction(ARTs) including basic ART,simultaneous ART (SART) and modified SART (MSART) were simulated simultaneously.The calculated results and reconstructive accuracy are discussed with three kinds of error indexes,namely mean-square error (MSE),absolute value error (AVE) and peak error (PE).As the results,the indexes of reconstructive accuracy are much improved by the proposed SSART.The MSE and PE have been decreased by 63.6% on the order of magnitude 10-4 and 88.9% on the order of magnitude 0-2,respectively,compared to that of ART.It is concluded that SSART is one of the most super iterative reconstructing techniques.

An Investigation of Error Sources in Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of a Co-current Spray Dryer

The paper is focused on identifying error sources in computational fluid dynamics(CFD) predictions of a spray drying process. Seven groups of drying and atomisation parameters were selected for analysis and 13simulation trials were performed. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data and sensitivity of the simulation results to the analysed factors was determined. The following parameters affecting the accuracy of CFD spray modelling were found: gas turbulence model, particle dispersion, atomising air, initial parameters of atomisation and heat losses to the environment. A major difference in the errors committed during modelling of spray drying process for fine and coarse sprays was observed.

The Synthetic Effect of Magnetorheological Finishing Technology:Analysis,Modeling,and Control

The controllable key factors in magnetorheological finishing device were studied to determine their influence on efficiency of magnetorheological finishing(MRF)and surface of MRF,as well as interaction between efficiency and surface.Based on theoretical and experimental research,the law of material removal was explored and a new process variable based material removal model(PVMR)was proposed.The experimental findings demonstrate that PVMR reveals the law of the material removal with introduction of three concepts and makes a material removal function z(y i)where the magnetorheological finishing process parameters are considered since they are easy to control and adjust.So the material function of this model is quadratic curve function which is readily suitable for stability and online control magnetorheological finishing.

Reliability Analysis of Numerical Simulation of Sea-Crossing Bridge Deformation Under Wave Forces

To study on the numerical simulation calculation reliability of sea-crossing bridge under complex wave forces,the paper applied GPS deformation monitoring and numerical simulation calculation by researching Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge.The db3 wavelet three-layer decomposition was used on the horizontal movement of the sea-crossing bridge and the wind speed of the waves to analyze their correlation.The complex wave forces value of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge was loaded on FLAC3D software successfully to make numerical simulation calculation of bridge deformation.Since the accuracy of the GPS deformation monitoring reaches millimeter level,it was used to monitor the exact value of the bridge deformation to judge the reliability of numerical simulation.The relative errors of displacement in X,Y and Z directions were between 33%and 41%through comparison.It could be seen that the numerical simulation error was relatively large,which was mainly due to various environmental factors and the deviation of applied wave forces.However,numerical simulation generally reflects the deformation law of the sea-crossing bridge under complex wave forces,providing an effectively technical support for the safe operation assessment of the sea-crossing bridge.

3-D direct current resistivity forward modeling by adaptive multigrid finite element method

Based on the fact that 3-D model discretization by artificial could not always be successfully implemented especially for large-scaled problems when high accuracy and efficiency were required, a new adaptive multigrid finite element method was proposed. In this algorithm, a-posteriori error estimator was employed to generate adaptively refined mesh on a given initial mesh. On these iterative meshes, V-cycle based multigrid method was adopted to fast solve each linear equation with each initial iterative term interpolated from last mesh. With this error estimator, the unknowns were nearly optimally distributed on the final mesh which guaranteed the accuracy. The numerical results show that the multigrid solver is faster and more stable compared with ICCG solver. Meanwhile, the numerical results obtained from the final model discretization approximate the analytical solutions with maximal relative errors less than 1%, which remarkably validates this algorithm.

A simulation model for estimating train and passenger delays in large-scale rail transit networks

A simulation model was proposed to investigate the relationship between train delays and passenger delays and to predict the dynamic passenger distribution in a large-scale rail transit network. It was assumed that the time varying original-destination demand and passenger path choice probability were given. Passengers were assumed not to change their destinations and travel paths after delay occurs. CapaciW constraints of train and queue rules of alighting and boarding were taken into account. By using the time-driven simulation, the states of passengers, trains and other facilities in the network were updated every time step. The proposed methodology was also tested in a real network, for demonstration. The results reveal that short train delay does not necessarily result in passenger delays, while, on the contrary, some passengers may get benefits from the short delay. However, large initial train delay may result in not only knock-on train and passenger delays along the same line, but also the passenger delays across the entire rail transit network.

A GENERALIZED QUASI MINIMAL BACKWARD ERROR (GQMBACK) ALGORITHM FOR NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR SYSTEMS

Orthogonal projection methods have been widely used to solve linear systems. Little attention has been given to oblique projection methods, but the class of oblique projection methods is particularly attractive for large nonsymmetric systems. The purpose of this paper is to consider a criterion for judging whether a given appro ximation is acceptable and present an algorithm which computes an approximate solution to the linear systems Ax=b such that the normwise backward error meets some optimality condition.

Performance of Physical-Layer Network Coding in Asymmetric Two-Way Relay Channels

In this paper, we study the performance of physical-layer network coding in asymmetric two-way relay channels using four different cases having different poor channels:phase asymmetry, downlink asymmetry, uplink asymmetry and node asymmetry. The decision and mapping rule for symmetric and asymmetric cases are studied. The performance in terms of bit error rate for each case will be studied and analysed by computer simulation. Analytical and simulation results show that uplink asymmetry is the worst case;intra-phase asymmetry and unreliable uplink channels will more severely affect the performance degradation, which is caused by channel asymmetry.

Accuracy Analysis of Gravity Model Based on Fictitious Compress Recovery Approach

The potential field determined based on the fictitious compress recovery approach is influenced by the errors contained in the boundary （the Earth＇s surface or the surface corresponding to the satellite altitude） values. Given the boundary value with definite accuracy, the accuracy of the field determined based on the fictitious compress recovery approach is estimated, and it is theoretically shown that the determined field has the same accuracy level as the given boundary value.

Reducing Influence of Gravity Model Error in Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbit Satellites

Based on the orbit integration and orbit fitting method, the influence of the characters of the gravity model, with different precisions, on the movement of low Earth orbit satellites was studied. The way and the effect of absorbing the influence of gravity model error on CHAMP and GRACE satellite orbits, using linear and periodical empirical acceleration models and the so-called "pseudo-stochastic pulses" model, were also analyzed.

Adaptive Surface Reconstruction Based on Tensor Product Algebraic Splines

Surface reconstruction from unorganized data points is a challenging problem in Computer Aided Design and Geometric Modeling. In this paper, we extend the mathematical model proposed by Juttler and Felis （Adv. Comput. Math., 17 （2002）, pp. 135-152） based on tensor product algebraic spline surfaces from fixed meshes to adaptive meshes. We start with a tensor product algebraic B-spline surface defined on an initial mesh to fit the given data based on an optimization approach. By measuring the fitting errors over each cell of the mesh, we recursively insert new knots in cells over which the errors are larger than some given threshold, and construct a new algebraic spline surface to better fit the given data locally. The algorithm terminates when the error over each cell is less than the threshold. We provide some examples to demonstrate our algorithm and compare it with Juttler＇s method. Examples suggest that our method is effective and is able to produce reconstruction surfaces of high quality.