商代城市的择立要素及其社会功能的多元一体

商代统治者设立城市,有经济地理位置的优选和某些政治方面的原因。商城生态环境的选择,已兼顾到土质地力、地貌、气候、水文等多重因素,重视总体安排,基本上贯彻了便于生活、便于生产、便于交通、保障安全防范的原则。经济地理位置的选择,要在重四方自然资源,尤其是铜、锡矿产资源的聚敛。商城始建时都位于商文化分布区域的边缘,无一例外地都是出于军事上的考虑,不仅是为了防御,而且也为了建立对外征战的基地,其防御功能与军事扩张功能二者是互动的。除赋予其强烈的军事功能外,地理位置及生态环境的择立原则也从另一个角度体现了城市的政治功能。从人地依存关系及古代统治者“体国经野”的政治意识言,商代城市不是悬浮式的“孤岛”,周围控制着一定的直属地域。为了保障自然资源的供给,商王朝的统治者将其政治军事力量延伸至周边地区,在资源丰富的地区建城是商王朝为控制和获得资源以保障中心都城而建立的供给网络中的重要部分,故城市的经济管理功能也体现得非常强烈。

可能性教学当“择高处立”

【缘起】不识庐山真面目——对“有几种可能结果”的争议近日,在一次骨干教师培训活动中,主讲专家给出了一道题,引发了现场教师的争论。其中,关于第(1)小题,出现了4种不同的答案:①看花色,有2种结果,黑桃和梅花。②看数字,有3种结果,A、2、3。③如果完全相同的牌只能算1种结果,那么2张梅花A算一种,所以有6种结果。④每一张都看作是一种可能摸出的结果,因此有7种可能的结果。对于这4种答案,是都有道理,还是只有一种答案是对的?大家又产生了不同的意见。

择高处立 寻平处住 向宽处行——《长安晚秋》教学艺术探微

杨万扣老师的诗歌赏读课《长安晚秋》，“择高处立”，立足诗眼抓关键，牵一发而动全身，体现教学内容选择的大气与智慧；“寻平处住”，立足学情定重点，以学定教，以疑启思，体现教学内容实施的立场和方向；“向宽处行”，不断促成学生阅读品质有更犬的提升，体现教学内容确定的视野和胸襟。

让师生成为美好生活的创造者——记山东省济南高新区春晖小学

山东省济南高新区春晖小学创建于2008年,占地30.48亩,总建筑面积8064平方米,现有两个校区,39个教学班,1551名学生,71名教职工。一所优质学校的创建,大多起步于它的教育理念的择立。建校之初,经过对"教育是什么、学校的使命是什么、我们要办一所怎样的学校、培养什么样的学生"等问题的深入思考。

择高处立,就平处坐,向宽处行

万通集团董事冯仑《行在宽处》书中"择高处立,就平处坐,向宽处行",此句来源于左宗棠的一副对联,颇有哲学意味,让我回味良久。择高处立,设大格局,谋高立意学校能否能步入高层次办学轨道,取决于该校校长的眼界和格局。要让格局变得开阔和大气,需要校长站得高、看得远,需要校长更深层次思考应该办怎样的学校、培养怎样的人、怎样去培养这些问题,因为这是学校高品质发展根基,学校一切工作都要围绕这个核心去展开和推进。

特色发展:在“大同”中追求“大不同”

在寻求特色发展的进程中,学校谋求“择高处立,就平地坐,向宽处行”的发展战略,力求在“大同”的教育背景下,追求学校发展路径的“大不同”.努力践行“真·爱”的教育理念,牢固确立“每个孩子都很重要”的核心价值观；以需要为原则,以发展为根本,搭建发展平台,引领专业成长；立足于长远,着力打造学校深度崛起的德育名片、阅读名片和科艺名片.

成长的力量

择高处立华南师范大学学生活动中心,一堂作文公开课刚刚结束。在热烈的掌声中,学生代表向我献上一大束鲜花。我抱着鲜花,自信地走下讲台。我任教学校的领导走过来,对我说:"五年前,你刚参加工作,我带你到这里听于永正和窦桂梅老师的课,你可曾想过有一天你也会站在这里给大家上课?"

Novel stereoselective sulfur ylide epoxidation reaction catalyzed by ferrocenylsulfide

A range of ferrocenyl sulfides are synthesized and screened. Among them l-a-methysulphoferrocenyl ethyl acetate and l-a-methysulphoferrocenyl alcohol are found to be unexpected catalysts, which is first reported mediating in sulfur ylide epoxidation reactions, furnishing a novel approach for highly stereoselective synthesis of oxiranes with 98%-100% trans-isomer. The protocol also has excellent yield, convenient workup and recycled starting material. The reason of high trans-selectivity is due to the bulky ferrocenyl sulfide group, which stabilizes the intermediates and determines the trans priority. A possible catalytic mechanism is also proposed.

A convenient and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-allyl selenides via Sm/TMSCl system-promoted coupling of Baylis-Hillman adducts with diselenides

A simple and convenient procedure for stercoselective synthesis of （Z）-allyl selenides has been developed by a one-pot reaction of diselenides with Baylis-Hillman adducts in the presence of samarium metal-trimethylsilyl chloride under mild conditions. Presumably, the diselenides are cleaved by Sm/TMSCI system to form selemde anions, which then undergo SN2＇ substitution of Baylis-Hillman adducts to produce the （Z）-allyl selenides.

Gold-catalyzed addition reaction between creatinine and isatin:A sustainable and green chemistry approach for the diastereoselective synthesis of 3-substituted-3-hydroxyisatins

The aldolization of various isatins with creatinine under gold catalysis in water has been developed.The reaction is operationally simple as the products can be isolated by simple filtration without requiring tedious solvent extraction and column chromatographic techniques.The generality of this methodology is showcased through the reactions of a wide range of isatin derivatives with creatinine to afford the respective aldol products in excellent yields with complete syn‐selectivity.The scope of this chemistry is further extended to a tandem reaction involving isatins,creatinine and malononitrile to afford multicomponent products in excellent yields with complete anti‐selectivity.The antioxidant potency of the synthesized compound was assessed by a spectrophotometric method,which revealed that three compounds containing halogen atoms(2c,2d and2e)were the most active compared with the standard.

OPTIMAL ANTENNA SUBSET SELECTION AND BLIND DETECTION APPROACH APPLIED TO ORTHOGONAL SPACE-TIME BLOCK CODING

An approach combining optimal antenna subset selection with blind detection scheme for Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (OSTBC) is proposed in this paper. The optimal antenna sub- set selection is taken into account at transmitter and/or receiver sides, which chooses the optimal an- tennas to increase the diversity order of OSTBC and improve further its performance. In order to en- hance the robustness of the detection used in the conventional OSTBC scheme, a blind detection scheme based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is exploited which can directly extract transmitted signals without channel estimation. Performance analysis shows that the proposed ap- proach can achieve the full diversity and the flexibility of system design by using the antenna selec-tion and the ICA based blind detection schemes.

Some Practical Issues Related to Univariate Regression Analysis Prior to Multivariate Regression Analysis in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Often many variables have to be analyzed for their importance in terms of significant contribution and predictability in medical research. One of the possible analytical tools may be the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. However, research papers usually report both univariate and multivariate regression analyses of the data. The biostatistician sometimes faces practical difficulties while selecting the independent variables for logical inclusion in the multivariate analysis. The selection criteria for inclusion of a variable in the multivariate regression is that the variable at the univariate level should have a regression coefficient with p 〈 0.20. However, there is a chance that an independent variable with p 〉 0.20 at univariate regression may become significant in the multivariate regression analysis and vice versa, provided the above criteria is not strictly adhered to. We undertook both univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses on data from two multi-centric clinical trials. We recommend that there is no need to restrict the p value of 〈= 0.20. Because of high speed computer and availability of statistical software, the desired results could be achieved by considering all relevant independent variables in multivariate regression analysis.

How does the Civil Code Process the Civil and Commercial Relations According to the Insurance Law

The relationship between the civil law and commercial law is a long-standing issue of controversy in the area of private law, and it is also an issue of unavoidably legislative selection during the codification the civil code in almost every country. Since the founding of the People Republic of China, China has carried out the codification of civil code for four times, and since the part^s eighteen plenary session officially proposed the ＇codification of civil code＇, the issue of the civil and conmaercial relation draws the attention again, either unification or division of civil and commercial law directly affects the system and content of the civil code, and affects how to process the relationship between the civil law and commercial law during the codification of the civil code as well. The codification of the civil code should not only consider the legislative tradition of the civil and commercial legislation and the current legal system, but also pursue characteristics of the commercial law, in a system of combining civil and commercial law, through adding commercial law into the general principle of civil law; the existing commercial law should be separately retained.

曹操立嗣问题考辨

曹操立嗣问题考辨柳春新曹操在曹丕、曹植之间择立继嗣，是建安后期政治中的重大事件。它不仅决定着丕、植二人的政治命运，而且直接关系到汉魏嬗代的历史转折，因此，历来史家予以关注，是很自然的。南宋人叶适认为，曹操打算在诸子中选择有才能者作为继嗣，并不专守嫡长...

MIMO-OFDM Scheme Using ApFFT over 3GPP SCM Channels

The all-phase fast Fourier transform (apFFT) is proposed as a digital demodulation algorithm in place of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The amplitude spectrum of apFFT-demodulated symbols is the square of that of the FFT, which helps reduce the Gaussian noise to a great extent. Moreover, the phases of apFFT symbols are not affected by the frequency shift between the transmitter and receiver oscillators. These properties particularly appeal to MIMO systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system employing the apFFT is validated using the spatial channel model (SCM) proposed by the third generation partnership project (3GPP). The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed system after compensating for the rate loss due to zero bits inserted in the space-frequency OFDM (SF-OFDM) coding scheme, still considerably outperforms the conventional system over 3GPP SCM channels, especially under poor channel conditions.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Regio-and Stereoselective Isomerization of Terminal Alkenes to trans-2-Alkenes

An efficient and E-selective monoisomerization of 1-alkenes is developed with a bis(phosphine)-based PCP-type Co complex as the catalyst.The protocol provides an atom-economical approach to trans-2-alkenes with high regio-and stereoselectivity,featuring mild conditions and wide substrate scope.Mechanistic investigation supports a cobalt-hydride pathway involving reversible alkene insertion/β-H elimination,and the step ofβ-H elimination at the allylic position is likely the rate-determining step.

Base-Promoted Deconstructive Reaction of Exocyclic 1,3-Dicarbonyls for Accessing Hydrazonylated 1,n-Dicarbonyls and Its Biological Evaluation

A mild base-promoted three-component deconstructive functionalization of exocyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls with aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates in the presence of alcohols is reported,enabling direct ring-opening of unstrained cyclic ring systems to produce six types of skeletally diverse hydrazonylated 1,n-diesters(e.g.,1,6-,1,7-1,8-,and 1,9-diesters)and 1,n-ketoesters(e.g.,1,6-and 1,7-ketoesters)with good yields,and the latter demonstrated complete(E)-selectivity.The methodology has the potential to be widely used throughout organic synthesis due to the use of easily accessible substrates with different substitution patterns,such as exocyclic 1,3-carbonyls and aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates,and mild reaction conditions.Preliminary biological evaluation of some compounds,namely their inhibitory effect on human lung cancer cell MSTO-211H,was conducted.The results showed that compounds 3c and 3w exhibited significant inhibitory effects.

向宽处行

晚清名臣左宗棠有一副著名的对联:“发上等愿,结中等缘,享下等福;择高处立,就平处坐,向宽处行。”好一个“向宽处行”,蕴藏了多少人生的哲理和智慧!带给人们多少深刻的启迪和感悟!向宽处行,必先修得一颗宽容心。

古人判词中的说理论证

古人下判,舞文弄墨,有时过重言辞文笔,读来满眼花团锦簇,让人目迷五色。不过,也有不少判词重在将道理讲清楚、说明白,今之所谓"说理论证"者也。古人判决案件如何说理论证,令人好奇。我们不妨取样若干,近距离观察一番。

Recent advances in organic electrosynthesis employing transition metal complexes as electrocatalysts

Organic electrosynthesis has been widely used as an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional methods for redox reactions because it utilizes electric current as a traceless redox agent instead of chemical redox agents. Indirect electrolysis employing a redox catalyst has received tremendous attention, since it provides various advantages compared to direct electrolysis. With indirect electrolysis, overpotential of electron transfer can be avoided, which is inherently milder, thus wide functional group tolerance can be achieved. Additionally, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity can be tuned by the redox catalysts used in indirect electrolysis. Furthermore, electrode passivation can be avoided by preventing the formation of polymer films on the electrode surface. Common redox catalysts include N-oxyl radicals, hypervalent iodine species, halides, amines, benzoquinones(such as DDQ and tetrachlorobenzoquinone), and transition metals. In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of indirect organic electrosynthesis using transition metals as redox catalysts for reaction classes including C–H functionalization, radical cyclization, and cross-coupling of aryl halides-each owing to the diverse reactivity and accessible oxidation states of transition metals. Although various reviews of organic electrosynthesis are available, there is a lack of articles that focus on recent research progress in the area of indirect electrolysis using transition metals, which is the impetus for this review.