网织血小板检测在特发性血小板减少性紫癜中的临床意义

利用免疫荧光标记通过流式细胞仪(FCM)检测50名健康人、48例初治特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)、30例获完全缓解ITP患者的外周血网织血小板(RP)百分率和血小板相关抗体(PAIg),并以RP%和PAIg两种方法配对测定48例ITP患者,比较这两种方法的优越性。结果:ITP初治组的RP%明显高于正常对照组(P<0.001),而绝对值低于正常对照组(P<0.01);ITP缓解组的RP%和绝对值与正常对照组之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。RP%对ITP诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为81%和98%,而PAIg对ITP诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为58%和80%,RP%的诊断价值明显高于PAIg(P<0.01)。提示RP%法对ITP的诊断价值较传统PAIg法大,且可作为ITP临床判断疗效的重要参考指标之一。

特发性二尖瓣脱垂的研究现状

特发性二尖瓣脱垂(Idiopthic Mitral pralapse),是指原因不明的二尖瓣叶在心脏收缩晚期或全收缩期脱垂入左心房引起的临床后果,可伴或不伴有二尖瓣关闭不全,自从60年代南非学者Barlow等发现以来,随着医疗超声诊断技术的发展,IMVP的报道日益增多,其发生率为4—

妊娠期特发性脂肪肝8例临床分析

目的 探讨妊娠期特发性脂肪肝（AFLP）的临床特点,以便早期诊断和及时治疗。方法 对近7年我院收治的8例AFLP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 所有患者白细胞及胆红素均升高。7例转氨酶升高,7例尿酸升高,6例纤维蛋白原降低,6例空腹血糖降低,5例白蛋白降低,5例血小板降低,凝血时间延长,5例尿素氨升高,4例血肌酐升高。孕产妇治愈7例,死亡1例,死亡率为12.5%。10例围生儿中,存活7例,死亡3例,死亡率为30.0%。结论 对高危人群行产前筛查可以降低AFLP发病率,早期诊断、及早终止妊娠和支持治疗是提高AFLP母儿预后的关键。

特发性流出道室性心律失常研究进展

特发性流出道室性心律失常（Idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia,IOTVA）是指无显著器质性心脏病的患者发生起源于左心室流出道或者右心室流出道的频发室性早搏和/或室性心动过速。特发性流出道室性心律失常可引起血流动力学的大幅度变化,临床后果严重,患者生活质量降低,甚至可能发生猝死[1,2]。患者需要排除器质性心脏疾病之可能。

A DSS DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The characteristics of sustainable development problems in the developing countries is discussed.In order to develop and use decision support system (DSS) for supporting sustainable development problem decision making in the developing countries,this paper presents a strategy of constructing the DSS for sustainable development.A methodology of representing the model of sustainable development problems and developing a nonprocedural modeling language that is used to define sustainable development problems,a methodology of numeric and non numeric operation based theorem proving is given in this paper.

Research from global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to sustainability science based on the object-subject-process framework

Since United Nations adopted the global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) for the next15 years(2016-2030), sustainable development will further become a core concept and main principle to guide global and national economic and social development. According to this background, strengthening the integrative research on the theories and methodologies of sustainable development has been a strategically important mission. This article provided an analytic framework for sustainability science, named the object-subject-process(OSP) framework for examining the key issues encountered during the theoretical research and policy analysis. This study emphasized that, on the object dimension, sustainable development means to seek for economic and social development within biophysical limits of the earth and the relationship of environment, society, and economy should be containing and complementary rather than parallel and substitute; on the process dimension, sustainable development should adopt both the responsive and proactive strategies for the whole process management which employing pressure-state-response(PRS) model rather than dealing with one part of them; on the subject dimension, sustainable development research should involve the key stakeholders who are kind of collaborate governance rather than separate each other. From the perspective of sustainability science, green economy was utilized as a case study to explore the issues of object, process and subject and also the significance of green economy was discussed in this study.

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN SALINE-ALKALI SOIL AREA OF SONGNEN PLAIN,NORTHEAST CHINA

There is great potential for agriculture in saline-alkali soil area in Songnen Plain, Northeast China. But the sustainable crop production in this area has been restricted by a few of main factors, such as less precipitation, h igher evaporation and frequent drought, high salinity and alkalinity, high excha ngeable sodium content and poor infiltration of the soil, and insufficiency and low availability in nutrition. It is also considered that there are a few of fav orable conditions for agricultural development in this region, such as sufficien t light and heat resources, rich ground water resources, plenty of manure produc ed by livestock, and so on. At the same time, scientific management and measurem ents have been employed; rational irrigation and drainage system has been establ ished; reclamation, amendment and fertilization of soil, and suitable strategies of cropping practices have been made for the sustainable development of agricul ture. Great progress has been made during 1996-2000.

Absorptive Capacities for Sustainability Technologies:Perspectives from the BRICS and China

For the development process in the rapidly growing economies, knowledge transfer and technology cooperation are becoming important issues. Research and technological competences are key indicators for the absorptive capacity of sustainability technologies and for the ability to export them. These issues are analyzed empirically for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). Sustainability related research in BRICS is mostly carried out within broader, more sector oriented programmes. Specialization patterns of international patents and in foreign trade indicate various strengths and weaknesses of the BRICS countries. The differences within the countries imply that the analysis must proceed at a technology specific level. China has considerable capabilities in technologies such as photovoltaics, solar thermal or buildings. There is a strong need for strategic positioning of the countries and for coordination of the various policy fields involved.

Research Progress on Evaluation Frameworks of Regional Ecological Sustainability

As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achievement of regional sustainable development.It is also the final criteria to assess whether sustainable development paradigm is successful.Along with the increasing impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems,the evaluation of regional ecological sustainability has become one of the key issues for research on macro ecology and sustainable development.Based on different unit of indicators,this study firstly groups the evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sus-tainability into three major types:comprehensive index evaluation with dimensionless unit,monetary valuation,and biophysical quantity measurement.We then discuss and compare these types in terms of basic principles,scope of ap-plications,advantages and shortcomings.Finally,drawn on the discussion about characteristics of ecological sustain-ability,we outline the current trend and future directions of regional ecological sustainability evaluation,for instance,transition from sustainable development evaluation to sustainability science,integration of goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches,combination of spatial pattern analysis and ecological sustainability evaluation,and en-hancement of ecological sustainability evaluation at landscape scale.

Study on Disturbances and Its Effects on Nature Reserves

As a widespread natural phenomenon, disturbances are considered a discrete event occurring in a natural ecosystem within various spatial and temporal scales. The present paper discusses the types of disturbances and their influence on the ecologic system in nature reserves. It is shown that nature reserves are facing a great challenge dealing with these disturbances. A rational control for disturbances should be improved in order to promote the healthy development of nature reserves this could be done by enhancing the publicity and training of environment protection, coupling management with communities around and other nature reserves, effective management methods, rational planning, and supporting nature servers.

Coping with Pressures of Modernization by Traditional Farmers: a Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Yunnan, China

Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.

Clusters, Governance and Sustainability

One of the most important aspects of current economical and social reality of each local and regional territory, and very much determinative for its economic development potential, is the nature of its territorial organization of the productive processes, as well as, the characteristics, and sophistication level, of the enterprise strategies that are functioning in it. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role of clusters as engines of economic and social development and sustainability of local and regional territories. Based on a study research methodology, we intend to answer to the following research questions： （1） What is the importance of clusters in the increment process of the local and regional conditions of governance and sustainability？ （2） How specific models of clusters＇ governance can contribute to greater territorial setting of enterprises and to increasing the sustainability of its development strategies？ （3） To what extent industrial public policies can increase the sustainability of development solutions for local and regional economies？

The Future of Sustainability

The focus of the present research is not on expected developments that are by one means or another linked to the concept of sustainability and to questions, whether current sustainability-models are fit for the future, so that they can be employed as corrective or functional factors applicable to the planning and governance of predictable scenarios in the field of ecology, economy, and social issues. But the focus lies on questions like： How does the concept of sustainability relate to the future？ How is the future as such affected and conditioned by the concept of sustainability？ To what extent is the concept of sustainability open to the future and how can the concept of sustainability conceive of something like the future？ The aim of the paper is therefore to clarify and better understand what is at stake when we address a sustainable future, i.e. a future under the conditions of an economy, of a technology, of a science that is supposed to be sustainable. The paper is based on a distinction that has its part in the tradition of ethics with far-reaching consequences for what throughout this tradition was called into question namely： the ethos （the dimension of the human being）. It is the distinction between two aspirant principles. In terms of form, the one allows and sustains accomplishment, whereas the other doesn＇t. As for the former, the reference is mainly to classical ethical positions （on the one hand Plato and Aristotle, on the other hand Kant）. As for the latter, on which the focus of this research lies, a phenomenological analysis of the concept of sustainability might help in its comprehension as well as in the understanding of the way in which we, today, by complying with it, conceive of something like an open future.

The Discount Rate in Terms of Evaluating Investments in Rangelands： The Case Study of Greece

This paper aims at analyzing and evaluating investments in rangeland management through the use of the discount rate tool. The most important parameter which is considered when estimating the discount rate is the lifetime of the investment, which varies depending on the kind of the intervention. An undeniable characteristic of rangelands is their rich biodiversity. However, the fact that not all the flora and fauna has been recorded yet, suggests the need for using the lowest possible discount rate （but not zero）, giving thus a high value on the benefits that will arise for future generations always in the light of sustainable development. At the same time, a sensitivity analysis has to be performed in order to determine the upper and lower limit of return on investment, so that the decision-maker in charge can be more flexible on the evaluation Of an investment proposal.

Evaluation of Sustainability Reporting Practices in Turkey

The purpose of the present study is to determine the reflection of sustainability reporting （SR）, which gained momentum considerably during the recent years, on the organizations that are active in Turkey. Turkish businesses that carried out SR during January 1, 2005 and June 1, 2015 were included in the study. Altogether, 186 sustainability reports containing 6,240 pages of a total of 80 businesses were examined. Data obtained from these reports were classified into various categories. According to the results, it was determined that 84% of the reporting businesses reported according to Global Reporting Initiative （GRI） principles and preferred G3 framework （40%）; and the maximum number of reporting was published in 2014. The present study is the first research article including all businesses making SR in Turkey with all details.

老年慢性特发性便秘患者结肠动力学变化

目的 探讨老年慢性特发性便秘 (CIC)患者结肠运动功能变化及其与心理因素的关系。 方法 应用不透X线标记物法及Zung抑郁自评量表 (SDS)及焦虑自评量表 (SAS)对 5 9例老年CIC患者及 36例老年对照者进行结肠通过时间检查及心理状况分析。 结果 (1)老年CIC组全结肠及分段结肠通过时间较老年对照组明显延长 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(2 )长期服用泻药组的老年CIC患者其全结肠及分段结肠通过时间较间断服药和不服药者明显延长 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(3)老年CIC患者SDS、SAS标准总分均明显高于老年对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(4 )老年CIC患者中结肠通过时间延长组SDS标准总分明显高于结肠通过时间正常组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,结肠通过时间正常组SAS标准总分明显高于结肠通过时间延长组 (P <0 0 5 )。 结论 老年CIC患者存在结肠动力学异常。抑郁情绪和焦虑情绪与老年CIC患者结肠运动功能异常有关。

Sustainable Construction --An International Comparison of Civil Engineering Students

Sustainable construction in the future will be influenced significantly by the beliefs and actions of civil engineering students studying at university today. A comparative investigation of the appreciation and attitudes regarding sustainable construction of civil engineering students at The NUCE （National University of Civil Engineering） in Vietnam, and the Universities of Loughborough and Liverpool in the UK were therefore conducted. Results indicate that students at all three universities appreciate the importance of the development of sustainable construction and have positive attitudes with regards to sustainability. Construction design and appropriate use of materials were two issues generally considered the most important with regards to sustainability, but were also thought to be adequately covered on the courses in all three institutions.

Lighting Design in Europe： Aligning the Demands for Lower Energy Usage with Better Quality

Lighting design is one of the fastest changing areas in building engineering. It has evolved significantly in recent years due to changing technology and demands for improved quality, better control, reduced energy and sustainability. This paper is an overview of what is happening in Europe and elsewhere and examines the literature to find that latest recommendations in the Code for Lighting issued by the SLL （Society of Light and Lighting） in the UK change previous demands for equal illuminance across a working plane to more specific and demanding criteria. There are recommendations for qualitative metrics and better distribution of light so as to enhance the visual appearance of interiors. European standards are also examined and the LENI （lighting energy numerical indicator） has been found to be a better way of reducing energy than installed load. New LED （light-emitting diode） lamp technology is examined and daylight is discussed in the context of these changing demands. It is found that lighting standards and design are changing for the better but that standards will need to evolve further if they are to ensure good quality lighting.