滇池流域山地富磷区常见植物的水土保持功能比较

利用径流观测微小区,测定和对比滇池流域7种常见植物小铁仔(Myrsine africana)、旱冬瓜(Alnus nepalensis)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)、杜鹃(Rhododendron hemitrichotum)、桉树(Eucalyptus globulus)、马陆草(Eremochloa zeylanica)、马桑(Coriaria nepalensis)的根区土壤理化性质、径流量、土壤侵蚀量和养分流失量。研究结果表明:7种植物都可以有效改善土壤性质,减少水土与养分的流失量。其中,小铁仔、旱冬瓜土壤理化性质良好,渗透速率快,分别为10.50,13.60ml/min;而马桑相应的土壤理化性质较差,渗透速率慢,为0.08ml/min。小铁仔对径流量和土壤侵蚀量的削减率最高,相比裸地分别减少85.00%和98.14%,小铁仔对养分流失的削减率也最高;桉树对径流量的削减率最低,相比裸地减少28.34%,马桑对土壤侵蚀量的削减率最低,相比裸地减少69.73%。7种植物的土壤理化性质方差分析表明均存在显著性差异,其土壤改良效益大小排序依次为旱冬瓜>小铁仔>云南松>杜鹃>桉树>马陆草>马桑。建议植被恢复工程中营造针阔叶乔木和小灌木混交林。

Study of soil and water conservation Function on Slope with Different Planting Patterns for a Typical Small Watershed in Karst Region of Guizhou Province

Ten runoff plots with different planting patterns were established for experimental observation in Yangjichong small watershed of Longli County in Karst region of Guizhou Province. Results show that under the same rainfall condition, shrub land, natural grassland and abandoned land presented the best function of soil and water conservation. The function of soil and water conservation was poor for arbor planting pattern, because the shrub layer, herb layer and forest floor were not formed. Because of no-tillage, surface crust and other effects, the function of soil and water conservation in slope farmland was better than that in runoffplots with arbor planting pattern.