Objectives To reveal etiologies of persistent isolated hematuria （PIH） through ultrastructural pathological examination, to disclose clinicopathological correlation in cases with PIH, and to summarize appropriate ma...Objectives To reveal etiologies of persistent isolated hematuria （PIH） through ultrastructural pathological examination, to disclose clinicopathological correlation in cases with PIH, and to summarize appropriate management of patients with PIH. Methods we retrospectively studied 155 P1H patients receiving renal biopsy between January, 2003 and December, 2008 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All the clinical data and follow-up result were analyzed. Results All subjects included 38 children and 117 adults, with mean age of 11.38±3.25 years for children and 35.17±8.44 years for adults. Thin basement membrane nephropathy （TBMN） was the most common pathology （55.3% of children and 49.6% of adults）, followed by IgA nephropathy （18.4% of children and 32.5% of adults, mainly grade 2-3） and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN） without IgA deposition （13.2% of children and 12.8% of adults）. Besides, A1port syndrome （2.6% of children） and membrane nephropathy （2.6% of children and 0.9% of adults） were demonstrated as other causes of PIH. Elevated mean arteral pressure or protein excretion rate, as well as episodic macrohematuria, indicated higher risk for MsPGN rather than TBMN. On the other hand, severity of microhematuria was irrelevant to pathological types of PIH. Totally, 86 patients were followed up and 37 cases therein stayed on track for long term （mean duration 41.11±28.92 months, range 8-113 months）. Most cases had benign clinical course except 3 cases with TBMN, 5 cases with IgA nephropathy, 1 case with MsPGN （without IgA deposition）, and 1 case with Alport syndrome, who developed hypertension or proteinuria. All of them were administered timely intervention. Conclusions Close follow-up should be required as the primary management for PIH. Equally important is careful monitoring for early identification of undesirable predictors; while renal biopsy and other timely intervention are warranted if there is hypertension, significant proteinuria or renal impairment.展开更多
This study applied the modified spatial similarity coefficient method to define the seasonal transition(ST) from winter to summer in the extratropical stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere.The features of the ST wer...This study applied the modified spatial similarity coefficient method to define the seasonal transition(ST) from winter to summer in the extratropical stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere.The features of the ST were examined using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Interim reanalysis data;and the results showed that the time and duration of the ST,which is affected by the activity of planetary waves(PW) in the stratosphere,largely depended on the geophysical locations.This study also investigated the interannual variability of the ST and its relationship with stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) and the quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO).It was shown that the late-onset SSW events(after 22 January) are close to the start of the ST.An easterly(westerly) QBO hastens(delays) the onset of the ST in high and low latitudes,whereas it delays(hastens) the ST in midlatitudes.The duration of the ST is significantly affected by the QBO.The influence of SSW and the QBO have different significance in different latitudes,so they are both important and irreplaceable factors.展开更多
Under global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious natural hazards, affecting the ecological environment and human life. Drought can be categorized as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or...Under global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious natural hazards, affecting the ecological environment and human life. Drought can be categorized as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or socio-economic drought. Among the different categories of drought, hydrological drought, especially streamflow drought, has been given more attention by local governments, researchers and the public in recent years. Identifying the occurrence of streamflow drought and issuing early warning can provide timely information for effective water resources management. In this study, streamflow drought is detected by using the Standardized Runoff Index, whereas meteorological drought is detected by the Standardized Precipitation Index. Comparative analyses of frequency, magnitude, onset and duration are conducted to identify the impact of meteorological drought on streamflow drought. This study focuses on the Jinghe River Basin in Northwest China, mainly providing the following findings. 1) Eleven meteorological droughts and six streamflow droughts were indicated during 1970 and 1990 after pooling using Inter-event time and volume Criterion method. 2) Streamflow drought in the Jinghe River Basin lagged meteorological drought for about 127 days. 3) The frequency of streamflow drought in Jinghe River Basin was less than meteorological drought. However, the average duration of streamflow drought is longer. 4) The magnitude of streamflow drought is greater than meteorological drought. These results not only play an important theoretical role in understanding relationships between different drought categories, but also have practical implications for streamflow drought mitigation and regional water resources management.展开更多
This study investigates the impact of global warming on drought/flood patterns in China at the end of the 21st century based on the simulations of 22 global climate models and a regional climate model(RegCM3) under th...This study investigates the impact of global warming on drought/flood patterns in China at the end of the 21st century based on the simulations of 22 global climate models and a regional climate model(RegCM3) under the SRES(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) A1B scenario.The standardized precipitation index(SPI),which has well performance in monitoring the drought/flood characteristics(in terms of their intensity,duration,and spatial extent) in China,is used in this study.The projected results of 22 coupled models and the RegCM3 simulation are consistent.These models project a decrease in the frequency of droughts in most parts of northern China and a slight increase in the frequency in some parts of southern China.Considering China as a whole,the spatial extents of droughts are projected to be significantly reduced.In contrast,future flood events over most parts of China are projected to occur more frequently with stronger intensity and longer duration than those prevalent currently.Additionally,the spatial extents of flood events are projected to significantly increase.展开更多
This paper presems an improved model for global sunshine duration estimation. The methodology incorporates geostationary satellite images by including snow cover information, sun and satellite angles and a trend corre...This paper presems an improved model for global sunshine duration estimation. The methodology incorporates geostationary satellite images by including snow cover information, sun and satellite angles and a trend correction factor for seasons, for the determination of cloud cover index. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been tested using Meteosat geostationary satellite images in the visible band with a temporal resolution of 1 h and spatial resolution of 2.5 km×2.5 km, for the Brue Catchment in the southwest of England. Validation results show a significant improvement in the estimation of global sunshine duration by the proposed method as compared to its predecessor （R2 is improved from 0.68 to 0.83, root mean squared error （RMSE） from 2.37 h/d to 1.19 h/d and the mean biased error （MBE） from 0.21 h/d to 0.08 h/d）. Further studies are needed to test this method in other parts of the world with different climate and geographical conditions.展开更多
In order to listen to brain activity as a piece of music, we proposed a scale-free brainwave music （SFBM） technology, which translates the scalp EEG into music notes according to the power law of both EEG and music....In order to listen to brain activity as a piece of music, we proposed a scale-free brainwave music （SFBM） technology, which translates the scalp EEG into music notes according to the power law of both EEG and music. In this paper, the methodology was further extended to chorus music of two channels from the two hemispheres. Firstly, EEG data from two channels symmetrically located on the left and fight hemispheres are translated into MIDI sequences by SFBM, respectively, where the EEG parameters modulate the pitch, duration and volume of each music note. Then, the two sequences are fiitered into a chorus of the Chinese pentatonic scale or the Western major scale. The resulted Chinese and Western music at different sleep stages illustrate distinct differences in harmony, and the music with Chinese pentatonic scale sounds more harmonious.展开更多
文摘Objectives To reveal etiologies of persistent isolated hematuria （PIH） through ultrastructural pathological examination, to disclose clinicopathological correlation in cases with PIH, and to summarize appropriate management of patients with PIH. Methods we retrospectively studied 155 P1H patients receiving renal biopsy between January, 2003 and December, 2008 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All the clinical data and follow-up result were analyzed. Results All subjects included 38 children and 117 adults, with mean age of 11.38±3.25 years for children and 35.17±8.44 years for adults. Thin basement membrane nephropathy （TBMN） was the most common pathology （55.3% of children and 49.6% of adults）, followed by IgA nephropathy （18.4% of children and 32.5% of adults, mainly grade 2-3） and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis （MsPGN） without IgA deposition （13.2% of children and 12.8% of adults）. Besides, A1port syndrome （2.6% of children） and membrane nephropathy （2.6% of children and 0.9% of adults） were demonstrated as other causes of PIH. Elevated mean arteral pressure or protein excretion rate, as well as episodic macrohematuria, indicated higher risk for MsPGN rather than TBMN. On the other hand, severity of microhematuria was irrelevant to pathological types of PIH. Totally, 86 patients were followed up and 37 cases therein stayed on track for long term （mean duration 41.11±28.92 months, range 8-113 months）. Most cases had benign clinical course except 3 cases with TBMN, 5 cases with IgA nephropathy, 1 case with MsPGN （without IgA deposition）, and 1 case with Alport syndrome, who developed hypertension or proteinuria. All of them were administered timely intervention. Conclusions Close follow-up should be required as the primary management for PIH. Equally important is careful monitoring for early identification of undesirable predictors; while renal biopsy and other timely intervention are warranted if there is hypertension, significant proteinuria or renal impairment.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2010CB428604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41105025)the Dragon 3 Programme (Grant No.10577)
文摘This study applied the modified spatial similarity coefficient method to define the seasonal transition(ST) from winter to summer in the extratropical stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere.The features of the ST were examined using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) Interim reanalysis data;and the results showed that the time and duration of the ST,which is affected by the activity of planetary waves(PW) in the stratosphere,largely depended on the geophysical locations.This study also investigated the interannual variability of the ST and its relationship with stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) and the quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO).It was shown that the late-onset SSW events(after 22 January) are close to the start of the ST.An easterly(westerly) QBO hastens(delays) the onset of the ST in high and low latitudes,whereas it delays(hastens) the ST in midlatitudes.The duration of the ST is significantly affected by the QBO.The influence of SSW and the QBO have different significance in different latitudes,so they are both important and irreplaceable factors.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41171403,41301586)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M540599,2014T70731)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-08-0057)
文摘Under global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious natural hazards, affecting the ecological environment and human life. Drought can be categorized as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or socio-economic drought. Among the different categories of drought, hydrological drought, especially streamflow drought, has been given more attention by local governments, researchers and the public in recent years. Identifying the occurrence of streamflow drought and issuing early warning can provide timely information for effective water resources management. In this study, streamflow drought is detected by using the Standardized Runoff Index, whereas meteorological drought is detected by the Standardized Precipitation Index. Comparative analyses of frequency, magnitude, onset and duration are conducted to identify the impact of meteorological drought on streamflow drought. This study focuses on the Jinghe River Basin in Northwest China, mainly providing the following findings. 1) Eleven meteorological droughts and six streamflow droughts were indicated during 1970 and 1990 after pooling using Inter-event time and volume Criterion method. 2) Streamflow drought in the Jinghe River Basin lagged meteorological drought for about 127 days. 3) The frequency of streamflow drought in Jinghe River Basin was less than meteorological drought. However, the average duration of streamflow drought is longer. 4) The magnitude of streamflow drought is greater than meteorological drought. These results not only play an important theoretical role in understanding relationships between different drought categories, but also have practical implications for streamflow drought mitigation and regional water resources management.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB955401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41275078)supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05090306)
文摘This study investigates the impact of global warming on drought/flood patterns in China at the end of the 21st century based on the simulations of 22 global climate models and a regional climate model(RegCM3) under the SRES(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) A1B scenario.The standardized precipitation index(SPI),which has well performance in monitoring the drought/flood characteristics(in terms of their intensity,duration,and spatial extent) in China,is used in this study.The projected results of 22 coupled models and the RegCM3 simulation are consistent.These models project a decrease in the frequency of droughts in most parts of northern China and a slight increase in the frequency in some parts of southern China.Considering China as a whole,the spatial extents of droughts are projected to be significantly reduced.In contrast,future flood events over most parts of China are projected to occur more frequently with stronger intensity and longer duration than those prevalent currently.Additionally,the spatial extents of flood events are projected to significantly increase.
文摘This paper presems an improved model for global sunshine duration estimation. The methodology incorporates geostationary satellite images by including snow cover information, sun and satellite angles and a trend correction factor for seasons, for the determination of cloud cover index. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been tested using Meteosat geostationary satellite images in the visible band with a temporal resolution of 1 h and spatial resolution of 2.5 km×2.5 km, for the Brue Catchment in the southwest of England. Validation results show a significant improvement in the estimation of global sunshine duration by the proposed method as compared to its predecessor （R2 is improved from 0.68 to 0.83, root mean squared error （RMSE） from 2.37 h/d to 1.19 h/d and the mean biased error （MBE） from 0.21 h/d to 0.08 h/d）. Further studies are needed to test this method in other parts of the world with different climate and geographical conditions.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘In order to listen to brain activity as a piece of music, we proposed a scale-free brainwave music （SFBM） technology, which translates the scalp EEG into music notes according to the power law of both EEG and music. In this paper, the methodology was further extended to chorus music of two channels from the two hemispheres. Firstly, EEG data from two channels symmetrically located on the left and fight hemispheres are translated into MIDI sequences by SFBM, respectively, where the EEG parameters modulate the pitch, duration and volume of each music note. Then, the two sequences are fiitered into a chorus of the Chinese pentatonic scale or the Western major scale. The resulted Chinese and Western music at different sleep stages illustrate distinct differences in harmony, and the music with Chinese pentatonic scale sounds more harmonious.
