2023年中国可持续类债券市场回顾与展望

本文对我国可持续类债券市场在2023年的运行情况进行了总结分析。2023年,绿色债券、转型债券和可持续发展挂钩债券发行规模与上年相比虽略有下降,但仍保持较高水平。其中绿色债券在产品创新、政策完善、信息披露等方面都有长足发展。社会责任债券和可持续发展债券主要针对境外发行人进行试点。未来在“双碳”目标指引下,我国可持续类债券在制度建设、信息披露、产品创新、发行主体拓展等方面将迎来更大发展空间。

同声传译中汉语持续类动词语义韵变化研究--以“保持”“坚持”为例

基于语料库的分析表明,汉语中持续类动词“保持”“坚持”对应的译文呈现为多样化,有较大比例的持续类动词在口译中被省略不译,说明在汉语中(尤其是外宣文本中)持续类动词的使用是一种常见的语用强化手段。持续类动词“保持”“坚持”在汉语中的语义韵基本为积极语义,但其对应的译文包括“Maintain”“Committed to”等单词或短语在原创英语中却包括积极、中性及消极等多种语义,说明在口译过程中,原文与译文的语义韵很难做到对等。

马克思的“两类环境危机”思想--保罗·柏克特对历史唯物主义内在生态逻辑之揭示

生态批评家们普遍认为,马克思没有完整的生态危机理论,进而指责历史唯物主义缺乏内在的生态逻辑。柏克特认为,问题的关键在于,生态批评家们没有领会马克思的资本主义基本矛盾概念的生态维度,也不了解马克思区分的两类可持续发展观念——"资本主义的可持续发展"和"人类社会的可持续发展",以致他们的环境危机思想本质上仅局限于对资本积累的环境危机的探讨,缺乏对当代人类生存危机的深度理论分析和实际政治效应。柏克特对马克思"两类环境危机"——"资本积累的环境危机"和"人类社会发展的环境危机"——思想的阐发,表明马克思的生态危机或环境危机理论已经有了完整的轮廓,历史唯物主义具有内在的生态逻辑。

可视化技术在有限元分析软件开发中的应用

以VisualC++6.0开发环境下的有限元视窗工程为实例,简要介绍了基于可视化技术的有限元应用软件的开发过程.

汉语增量语词的强调标记化

基于语用和语言的互动关联,语用上的强调可能会渗入语言而成为语言自身的构成部分,语言会用某些显性语法形式标志被强调成分并使其范畴化。意义制约着汉语语词的历时流向,其主要表现之一是有相同或相似语义特征的语词往往会呈现为相同或相似的演变趋势。汉语的增量语词有通过语法隐喻、从其他认知域投射到言域中演变为强调标记的可能。这可通过增量语词的基本类型,如持续量语词、延及类语词、复加类语词的某些演变范例给以说明及解释。汉语的虚化成分并不单纯,从增量语词演变来的诸强调标记既有作用上的相似性,也有价值上的对立性,造成对立的主要原因是诸强调标记从它们的源词那里继承了某些特征,并且可能演变出了新特征。

持续性催化酶类机理研究及其分子动力学模拟

酶分子催化机理研究是生命科学研究领域一个重要的问题.近80年来,过渡态理论在解释酶催化机理问题上占据了主导地位,结合热力学循环、锁钥学说、诱导契合学说以及酶活性中心柔性学说等理论,可以很好地解释多种酶分子的催化过程.近年来,随着蛋白质结构解析方法、单分子分析检测技术及计算机模拟技术的发展,人们对酶分子催化机理的认识愈加深刻.但持续性催化酶类的催化动力研究表明,过渡态理论的解释并不充分.本文对酶催化机理研究的相关进展进行了综述,并针对持续性酶类催化动态过程的特点提出了可能的研究方向及可行的研究方法.

我国炼油企业竞争力影响因素及对策分析

文章结合我国炼油企业行业特点,分析了影响企业竞争力的主要内部因素,这些因素可分为基础性、经营管理类和可持续发展类3个方面。论述了各因素的相关内涵及其与企业竞争力的关联度。对照各因素的相关指标,指出了我国炼油企业与国际同类先进企业间的差距,并提出了增强我国炼油企业竞争力的几点建议。

A Multi-Hop Moving Zone(MMZ) Clustering Scheme Based on Cellular-V2X

A clustering scheme based on pure V2V communications has two prominent issues i.e. broadcast storm and network disconnection. The application of the fifth generation(5G) technology to vehicular networks is an optimal choice due to its wide coverage and low latency features. In this paper, a Multihop Moving Zone(MMZ) clustering scheme is proposed by combining IEEE 802.11p with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) 5G cellular technology. In MMZ, vehicles are clustered up-to three hops using V2V communications based on IEEE 802.11 p aiming to reduce excessive cellular hand-off cost. While the zonal heads(ZHs) i.e. cluster heads(CHs) are selected by cellular-V2X(C-V2X) on the basis of multi-metrics i.e. relative speed, distance and link life time(LLT). The main goal of MMZ is to form stable clusters achieving high packet delivery and low latency. The simulation results using ns3 show that, 5G wide range technology significantly improves the stability of MMZ in term of ZH duration and change rate. The average Data Packet Delivery Ratio(DPDR) and E2E latency are also improved as compared to the existing clustering schemes.

Integrated Futures for Europe’s Mountain Regions: Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation and Human Livelihoods

Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene confirms the necessity for natural and social scientists to work together to seek solutions to environmental problems. Interdisciplinary research can assist with the definition of integrated strategies with the potential to reconcile the ecological, social and economic parameters that determine a sustainable future for European mountain areas.

Urban Expansion in China Based on Remote Sensing Technology：A Review

Urban areas and its evolution are important anthropogenic indicators and human ecological footprints, and play decisive roles in environmental change analysis, global geo-conditional monitoring, and sustainable development. China has the highest rate of urban expansion and has emerged as an urban expansion hotspot worldwide. In this paper, the progress of studies on Chinese urban expansion based on remote sensing technology are summarized and analyzed from the aspects of urban area definition, remotely sensed imagery applied in urban expansion, monitoring methods of urban expansion, and urban expansion applications. Existing issues and future directions of Chinese urban expansion are discussed and proposed. Results indicate that: 1) The fusion of multi-source remotely sensed imagery is imperative to meet the needs of urban expansion with various monitoring terms and frequencies on different scales and dimensions. 2) To guarantee the classification accuracy and efficiency and describe urban expansion and its influences on local land use simultaneously, the combination of visual interpretation and automatic classification is the tendency of future monitoring methods of urban areas. 3) Urban expansion data have become the prerequisite for recognizing the urban development process, excavating its driving forces, simulating and predicting the future development directions, and also is conducive to revealing and explaining urban ecological and environmental issues. 4) In the past decades, Chinese scholars have promoted the application of remote sensing technology in the urban expansion field, with data construction, methods and models developing from the quotation stage to improvement and innovation stage; however, an independent and consistent urban expansion data on the national scale with long-term and high-frequency(such as annual monitoring) monitoring is still lacking.

Amman＇s Land Typology： The Importance of Site Characteristics on the Delivery of Sustainable Buildings

Amman＇s land typology is characterized by hilly slopes, and this presents challenges and opportunities for architects and designers aiming at delivering sustainable buildings. The research focuses on the importance of any site＇s given criteria, mainly its slope and topography on the delivery of sustainable buildings. Amman city consists broadly of two main types of buildings, apartment buildings and villas, by studying each type of building with regard to its environmental context on a given site in the city, the research seeks to identify the sustainable variables that site topography delimit or facilitate, using a set of attributes for each building type. The main objective of this research is to highlight the sustainable approach for building on sloped sites throughout the building project life-cycle in general, and to set a sustainability framework for designers during the initial design phase in particular. A number of case studies for both types of buildings are studied and analysed, and conclusions are given based on syntheses of available data from literature review or case analysis. At the end, the research provides a mechanism for the development of guidelines for sustainable and passive viability on preferred buildings orientation in hilly areas with regard to local climatic data.

LAND RECLAMATION IS BASIC GUARANTEE OF REGIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN COAL MINING AREAS IN CHINA

Necessity of land reclamation is discussed, setting out viewpoint of sustainable development and land connotation and its attribute and combining destroyed forms and characteristics of land in coal mining areas. It is pointed out that land reclamation of coal mining areas is basic guarantee of solving contradiction between coal mining areas and countryside,raising life of resident and ensuring regional sustainable development.

Geographical Space Development Zone Classification:An Essential Guide for Transformation of Mountain Resource Cities

Sustainable development of mountain areas and resource cities has been a significant issue worldwide. Transformation of mountain resource cities is facing tremendous difficulties. In the context of National Major Function-oriented Zone Planning raised to a national strategic level in China, it is important to effectively implement the planning by studying geographical space development zone classification of prefecture- and county-level cities based on their major function orientation. This research is even more critical for the transformation of mountain resource cities. In this study, we evaluated geographical space development suitability, and classified geographical space development zones for Dongchuan Distric in Kunming City of Yunan Province, China, a typical mountain resource city. A quantitative grid-based evaluation was conducted using key-factor identification and restrictive-supportive comprehensive index determinati based on a geographic information system framework with different source data. The results included a classification of geographical space of Dongchuan into five types: the prohibited development zone, the inappropriate development zone, the controlled development zone, the moderate development zone and the preferential development zone. The distribution characteristics of geographical space development zones showed that the proportion of the prohibited development zone is the highest, while that of the other four development zones is comparatively lower and significantly fragmented. The geographical space development suitability is greatly controlled by the geomorphic pattern. Although Dongchuan is extremely restrained in terms of suitable geographical space for industrialization and urbanization, it still has the certain preferential and moderate development zones with an area of 207.81 km2 with large parts being concentrated and contiguous, which makes these areas the most favorable for development. Only by adapting to this reality and implementing centralized development strategy in the regions with higher suitability may Dongchuan achieve smooth transformation from expansion mode to compact mode and its sustainable development capacity may be improved. Suggestions with an angle of industrial and spatial development pattern were put forward for the transformation of the city in future.

Review and Prospect of the UN Efforts for Sustainable Development

The present paper reviews the UN important efforts to promote global sustainable development in the chronological order since UN Conference on Human Environment in 1972, and ana- lyzes the progress and gap. The results show that the UN system has made great efforts for global sustainable development since the UN Conference on Human Environment, especially since UN Conference on Environment and Development, promoted the for- mation of important consensus and multilateral internhtional con- ventions on many fields, boosted the development of partnership in the field of sustainable development, and accelerated actions for sustainable development of many countries and regions. However, at present, the progress made is still far below the level required, prominently reflected in the slow progress toward the millen-nium development goals, the difficulties in negotiations in the field of environment and development, insufficient fulfillment of international agreements and conventions, and undesirable effects of partnership in the field of sustainable development. Based on these, the paper puts forward four suggestions for UN Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012（Rio＋20）： （1） to revitalize the ＂spirit of Rio＂ and accelerate the implementation of existing politi- cal commitments; （2） to make new political commitments focusing on climate change and other major global challenges under the Rio principles; （3） to lay out a blueprint of green economy under the Rio principles; and （4） to promote South-South cooperation as the focus of international cooperation.

Some Analyses on Effects of Site Classification on Ground Motion Characteristics in the Chi-Chi,Taiwan Earthquake

According to the epicenter distance and the site classification, the 404 groups of earthquake recordings of the main shock of the Chi-Chi, Taiwan China earthquake in 1999 are catalogued. Based on these data, we analyze the statistical features of duration, PGA, envelopes and the response spectra ratio of the horizontal and vertical components of the acceleration recordings. The results of these analyses show that the effect of site classification on the acceleration of various components is obvious; furthermore, fault direction also has certain effects on the characteristics of the horizontal components of ground motion. The detailed research results are as follows： （ 1 ） the duration of the horizontal components of acceleration records increases with the softening of the site; （2） the direction of fault slip has some effects on PGA＇s attenuation features; （3） the average envelopes of acceleration records at different distances and site dames are basically single peak functions of time and the envelopes of horizontal and vertical components of ground motion are obviously different; （4） with the same epicenter distance, EW/NS response spectrum ratios tend to approximate 1.0 as the site becomes softer and the period shorter. V/H response spectrum ratios in short periods （〈 0. 1s） increase with the softening of site, however, V/H ratios within the long-period range （ 〉 characteristic period） decrease with the softening of the site, and the decrease of V/EW ratio speeds up relatively.

Characterization of Some Typical Soils of the Miombo Woodland Ecosystem of Kitonga Forest Reserve, Iringa, Tanzania： Physico-Chemical Properties and Classification

Despite the fact that miombo woodland soils have significant implications in global climate change processes, few studies have been done to characterize and classify the soils of the miombo woodland ecosystem of Tanzania. The current study was carried out to map and classify soils of Kitonga Forest Reserve, which is a typical miombo woodland ecosystem, in order to generate relevant information for their use and management. A representative study area of 52 km2 was selected and mapped at a scale of 1：50,000 on the basis of relief. Ten representative soil profiles were excavated and described using standard methods. Soil samples were taken from genetic soil horizons and analyzed in the laboratory for physico-chemical characteristics using standard methods. Using field and laboratory analytical data, the soils were classified according to the FAO-World Reference Base （FAO-WRB） for Soil Resources system as Cambisols, Leptosols and Fluvisols. In the USDA-NRCS Soil Taxonomy system the soils were classified as Inceptisols and Entisols. Topographical features played an important role in soil formation. The different soil types differed in physico-chemical properties, hence exhibit differences in their potentials, constraints and need specific management strategies. Texture varied from sandy to different loams; pH from 5.1 to 5.9; organic carbon from 0.9 g/kg to 20 g/kg; and CEC from 3 cmol/（＋）kg to 24 cmol/（＋）kg. Sustainable management of miombo woodlands ecosystem soils requires reduced deforestation and reduced land degradation.

The dynamics of landscape-scale ecological connectivity based on least-cost model in Dongshan Island,China

As a hot topic in Landscape Ecology study,ecological connectivity is an important indicator for regional land sustainable use and biological protection. This paper conducted a systematic assessment of ecological connectivity using remote sensing images of Dongshan Island in 1994, 2003 and2011. Based on least-cost modelling, the method takes into consideration the type of barrier, the distance impact, and the adjacent land use types to obtain the Barrier Effect Index(BEI) and Ecological Connectivity Index(ECI). The application of this method to Dongshan Island showed the ecological connectivity index(ECI) was low in 1994, improved in 2003, and decreased significantly in 2011. The results of the dynamic analysis of landscape structure showed farmland and roads were the main landscape classes that caused the low observed ECI in 1994 and 2003;these tended to divide the landscape and cause fragmentation. Construction land and roads were the main landscape classes resulting in low ECI in 2011,while forest and grassland had a high ECI. Trajectory analysis showed ECI tended to decrease in the low mountain forest zone of the northwestern and southeastern parts of Dongshan Island as well as in the coastal protection forest area. The areas where ECI became high were located in the northeastern part of Dongshan Island where cities and towns are concentrated with high human populations.Therefore, rapid urbanization has been the most important factor driving changes in landscape structure and patterns during the last 17 years on Dongshan Island. The approach not only assists us in revealing the driving mechanism of landscape dynamics from another aspect, but also can assess the impacts of regional and urban plans on landscape structure and function.

Energy Poverty and UN Development Goals

The importance of energy has been rooted in every aspect of human life. If we have no access to electricity and depend on traditional biomass fuels to meet household energy demands, it will mean we cannot enjoy the modern energy service. With the deepening international understanding of the issue, many countries have been promoting the practice of eliminating energy poverty, and the "universal access to affordable, clean and sustainable energy" has become one of the post 2015 UN development goals.

Good Local Government for Better Governance and Sustainable Human Development

The purpose of this article is to raise the question of how important decentralisation and local governments are for the successful transition and eventually for sustainable human development of a state. The paper focuses on the gap between development or transition and decentralisation within academic and international policy discourse. In article, the author tries to answer such questions as how local government can contribute to SHD （sustainable human development）. And how should the international community contribute to and support the transition and development process of the developing countries？ Article shows that local self-government can be a school of democracy and responsibility for the wealth of the state and citizens. By sharing the Polish decentralisation experience, the author shows how important decentralisation might be for successful transition, democratization and sustainable development. The paper also includes a short introduction to the European Charter, recent African efforts like AMCOD or UCLGA and European Union development assistance policy. The purpose of this is to show how little attention is paid to local governments and decentralisation within international policy and how huge is the gap between Europe＇s （developed） states and Africa＇s （developing） states related to their decentralisation policy, law and practice.