美国的设计发展较为迅速,设计教育方式和体系也较为科学和合理。美国Academy of Art University是全美顶尖的艺术院校之一,通过对该校教学方法的探讨,以及对《关键创造的艺术——罗德岛设计学院的创造性实践》一书的研究,将中国的设计...美国的设计发展较为迅速,设计教育方式和体系也较为科学和合理。美国Academy of Art University是全美顶尖的艺术院校之一,通过对该校教学方法的探讨,以及对《关键创造的艺术——罗德岛设计学院的创造性实践》一书的研究,将中国的设计教育与美国的设计教育进行对比和分析。同时在此基础上,浅谈在我国的设计教育中,如何以能力指向培养我国未来的设计人才,从而实现设计人才各方面能力的提升,使之更好地适应时代的飞速变化和未来的多重考验。展开更多
Tumor microenvironment （TME） comprising cellular and non-cellular components is a major source of cancer hallmarks. Notably, angiogenesis responsible for normal physiological remodeling process can otherwise harness...Tumor microenvironment （TME） comprising cellular and non-cellular components is a major source of cancer hallmarks. Notably, angiogenesis responsible for normal physiological remodeling process can otherwise harness vessel abnormalities during tumorigenesis eliciting severe therapeutic inefficiency. Currently, FDA approved antiangiogenic drugs have only shown modest clinical success owing to tumor hypoxia, antiangiogenic therapeutic resistance, and limited knowledge in understanding TME. In order to overcome these limitations, targeting angiogenesis combined with immtmosuppressive TME could offer potential therapeutic opportunities. Indeed, these therapeutic approaches can be further revisited with the advent of nano- technology that can target the key cellular components of TME and tumor cells more precisely. Synergetic targeting without eliciting systemic toxicity achieved by integration of antiangiogenic and immunotherapy in a single nanoplatform is vital for therapeutic success. In this review, we will discuss the most promising nanotechnological advancements oriented to modulate the immunosuppressive TME in association with antiangiogenic therapy that has gained immense popularity in cancer treatment.展开更多
文摘美国的设计发展较为迅速,设计教育方式和体系也较为科学和合理。美国Academy of Art University是全美顶尖的艺术院校之一,通过对该校教学方法的探讨,以及对《关键创造的艺术——罗德岛设计学院的创造性实践》一书的研究,将中国的设计教育与美国的设计教育进行对比和分析。同时在此基础上,浅谈在我国的设计教育中,如何以能力指向培养我国未来的设计人才,从而实现设计人才各方面能力的提升,使之更好地适应时代的飞速变化和未来的多重考验。
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0201400)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81421004)
文摘Tumor microenvironment （TME） comprising cellular and non-cellular components is a major source of cancer hallmarks. Notably, angiogenesis responsible for normal physiological remodeling process can otherwise harness vessel abnormalities during tumorigenesis eliciting severe therapeutic inefficiency. Currently, FDA approved antiangiogenic drugs have only shown modest clinical success owing to tumor hypoxia, antiangiogenic therapeutic resistance, and limited knowledge in understanding TME. In order to overcome these limitations, targeting angiogenesis combined with immtmosuppressive TME could offer potential therapeutic opportunities. Indeed, these therapeutic approaches can be further revisited with the advent of nano- technology that can target the key cellular components of TME and tumor cells more precisely. Synergetic targeting without eliciting systemic toxicity achieved by integration of antiangiogenic and immunotherapy in a single nanoplatform is vital for therapeutic success. In this review, we will discuss the most promising nanotechnological advancements oriented to modulate the immunosuppressive TME in association with antiangiogenic therapy that has gained immense popularity in cancer treatment.
