Objective. To examine a nationally representative sample of US children aged 6 to 16 years old and determine whether there are differences in risk factors and measures of severity between children with different asthm...Objective. To examine a nationally representative sample of US children aged 6 to 16 years old and determine whether there are differences in risk factors and measures of severity between children with different asthma phenotypes. Methods. We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used questionnaire and skin-prick testing data to separate children into the following mutually exclusive categories: atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, resolved asthma, frequent respiratory symptoms with no asthma diagnosis, and normal. We used multivariate regression to determine whether demographic or potential risk factors varied between phenotypes and whether measures of severity varied by phenotype. Results. We found that 4.8%of children had atopic asthma, 1.9%had nonatopic asthma, 3.4%had resolved asthma, and 4.3%had frequent respiratory symptoms. Risk factors varied by phenotype, for example, the mean BMI was higher among children with nonatopic asthma, prenatal maternal smoking was a risk factor for resolved asthma, and child care attendance was a risk factor for frequent respiratory symptoms with no asthma diagnosis. Patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma were similar for most measures of asthma severity (medication use, health status, and lung function impairment). In contrast, patients with resolved asthma had fewer symptoms but a similar level of lung function impairment to that seen in patients with current asthma, whereas children with frequent respiratory symptoms but no asthma diagnosis had normal lung function. Conclusions. Asthma risk factors and measures of severity vary between children with different asthma phenotypes.展开更多
PURPOSE: Various outcome measures exist to evaluate treatment in fecal incontinence,including descriptive, severity (fecal incontinence scoring systems),and impact (quality-of-life questionnaires) and diagnostic measu...PURPOSE: Various outcome measures exist to evaluate treatment in fecal incontinence,including descriptive, severity (fecal incontinence scoring systems),and impact (quality-of-life questionnaires) and diagnostic measures. We studied associations between changes after treatment for a number of outcome measures and compared them to patients’ subjective perception of relief. METHODS:We analyzed data of 66 patients (92 percent female; mean age, 62 years) (Vaizey score, Wexner score, two impact scales, utility, resting pressure, and maximal incremental squeeze pressure) at baseline and after physiotherapy. In a standardized interview by phone, we asked patients to compare their situation before and after treatment. Correlations between changes in outcome measures were calculated. These changes were compared with patients’ subjective perception. RESULTS: There was a high correlation between the changes in the Vaizey and the Wexner scores (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Changes in Vaizey and Wexner scores correlated moderately with changes in maximum incremental squeeze pressure (r = -0.29, -0.30, both P < 0.05). Changes in utility and resting pressure were not correlated with changes in any of the other measurements (all r values between -0.086 and 0.18). Average severity scores (Vaizey and Wexner) were 1 point lower for patients who rated their situation as worse or equal (62 percent), 4 points lower for patients who reported their situation to be better (21 percent), and 9 points lower in patients who rated their situation much better (17 percent) (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Severity measures are best related to patients’ subjective perception of relief.展开更多
文摘Objective. To examine a nationally representative sample of US children aged 6 to 16 years old and determine whether there are differences in risk factors and measures of severity between children with different asthma phenotypes. Methods. We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used questionnaire and skin-prick testing data to separate children into the following mutually exclusive categories: atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, resolved asthma, frequent respiratory symptoms with no asthma diagnosis, and normal. We used multivariate regression to determine whether demographic or potential risk factors varied between phenotypes and whether measures of severity varied by phenotype. Results. We found that 4.8%of children had atopic asthma, 1.9%had nonatopic asthma, 3.4%had resolved asthma, and 4.3%had frequent respiratory symptoms. Risk factors varied by phenotype, for example, the mean BMI was higher among children with nonatopic asthma, prenatal maternal smoking was a risk factor for resolved asthma, and child care attendance was a risk factor for frequent respiratory symptoms with no asthma diagnosis. Patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma were similar for most measures of asthma severity (medication use, health status, and lung function impairment). In contrast, patients with resolved asthma had fewer symptoms but a similar level of lung function impairment to that seen in patients with current asthma, whereas children with frequent respiratory symptoms but no asthma diagnosis had normal lung function. Conclusions. Asthma risk factors and measures of severity vary between children with different asthma phenotypes.
文摘PURPOSE: Various outcome measures exist to evaluate treatment in fecal incontinence,including descriptive, severity (fecal incontinence scoring systems),and impact (quality-of-life questionnaires) and diagnostic measures. We studied associations between changes after treatment for a number of outcome measures and compared them to patients’ subjective perception of relief. METHODS:We analyzed data of 66 patients (92 percent female; mean age, 62 years) (Vaizey score, Wexner score, two impact scales, utility, resting pressure, and maximal incremental squeeze pressure) at baseline and after physiotherapy. In a standardized interview by phone, we asked patients to compare their situation before and after treatment. Correlations between changes in outcome measures were calculated. These changes were compared with patients’ subjective perception. RESULTS: There was a high correlation between the changes in the Vaizey and the Wexner scores (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Changes in Vaizey and Wexner scores correlated moderately with changes in maximum incremental squeeze pressure (r = -0.29, -0.30, both P < 0.05). Changes in utility and resting pressure were not correlated with changes in any of the other measurements (all r values between -0.086 and 0.18). Average severity scores (Vaizey and Wexner) were 1 point lower for patients who rated their situation as worse or equal (62 percent), 4 points lower for patients who reported their situation to be better (21 percent), and 9 points lower in patients who rated their situation much better (17 percent) (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Severity measures are best related to patients’ subjective perception of relief.
