虫草多糖脂质体对小鼠免疫性肝纤维化TGF-β_1 mRNA表达的影响

【目的】研究虫草多糖脂质体 (CPL)对小鼠免疫性肝纤维化的抑制作用及对TGF β1mRNA表达的影响。【方法】BABL/c小鼠随机均分为正常对照组 (10只 )、刀豆蛋白A(ConA)处理组 (30只 )、CPL(ConA +CPL)小剂量、大剂量干预组 (各 30只 )。采用ConA制备免疫性肝纤维化动物模型 ,CPL干预组分别口服CPL 10mg/kg、30mg/kg。后 3组于 5周、12周、2 0周分别处死动物各 10只 ,一步RT PCR法检测肝组织内TGF β1mR NA表达水平 ,凝胶图像分析系统扫描扩增产物的灰度值 ,以 β actin为内参照物 ,计算相对表达量 ;于 12W观察各组大鼠肝功能及肝纤维化程度。【结果】CPL干预组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、透明质酸、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原含量较ConA组明显降低 ;CPL干预组TGF β1mRNA相对表达量较ConA组显著降低 ,且呈剂量依赖性。【结论】CPL可能通过下调TGF β1表达而抑制小鼠免疫性肝纤维化发生。

Water Quality Evaluation Index System for Freshwater Aquaculture Pond

[Objective] The aim was to establish the water quality evaluation index system for freshwater aquaculture pond.[Method] The expert survey,DELPHI,field research and other methods were used.Based on the analysis of factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond,and the importance degree of 14 factors influencing water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was ordered.Then,five factors were selected as index to establish the water quality evaluation index system of freshwater aquaculture with the determination for thresholds of these factors.[Result] The importance degree of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond showed an order of Dissolved oxygenpHPhytoplankton biomassSecchi depthTotal NitrogenZooplankton biomassWater temperatureBiochemical Oxygen DemandWater colorSalinityTotal hardness;according to the value of importance degree,the dissolved oxygen,pH,secchi depth,phytoplankton biomass and total nitrogen these five factors were selected as the index system of water quality evaluation of pond.The level of water quality of freshwater aquaculture pond was divided into five,and the tolerance range of fish to each index was obtained by expert observation.[Conclusion] This study had provided a scientific basis for water quality evaluation system of freshwater aquaculture pond.

Plastid Inheritance in Sweet Potato as Revealed by DNA Restriction Fingerprinting

The inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lain.) was analyzed using DNA restriction fingerprinting. The cpDNA fingerprints of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between Xushu18 and AB78-1 were found to be identical to those of their female parents, which reveals that cpDNA of sweet potato is maternally inherited in this intervarietal crossing. This maternal cpDNA transmission pattern does not accord with the putative one based on former cytological studies. The plastid inheritance in Convolvulaceae has been briefly reviewed in this study, and the utility of DNA restriction fingerprinting analysis in the study of plastid inheritance is also discussed.

Impact of body mass index and gender on quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

AIM： To investigate the symptom presentation and quality of life in obese Chinese patients with gastro- esophageal reflux disease （GERD）. MKTHODS： Data from patients diagnosed with GERD according to the Montreal definition, were collected between January 2009 to March 2010. The enrolled patients were assigned to the normal [body mass in- dex （BMI） 〈 25 kg/m2], overweight （25-30 kg/m2）, and obese （BMI 〉 30 kg/m2） groups. General demographic data, endoscopic findings, and quality of life of the three groups of patients were analyzed and compared.and 15 patients were classified in the normal, over- weight, and obese, respectively. There was significantly more erosive esophagitis （73.3% vs 64.3% vs 39.2%, P = 0.002）, hiatal hernia （60% vs 33.9% vs 16.7%, P = 0.001）, and males （73.3% vs 73.2% vs 32.4%, P = 0.001） in the obese cases. The severity and frequency of heartburn, not acid regurgitation, was positively cor- related with BMI, with a significant association in men, but not in women. Obese patients were prone to have low quality of life scores, with obese women having the lowest scores for mental health. CONCLUSION： In patients with GERD, obese men had the most severe endoscopic and clinical presenta- tion. Obese women had the poorest mental health.

Non-occupational lead exposure and hypertension in Pakistani adults

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in the developed and developing countries. Based on the long historical association and the provocative findings of blood pressure effects at low level of lead exposure a study was carried out to determine if an association existed between low blood lead concentration and hypertension. In this study the effects of low-level exposure to lead on blood pressure were examined among 244 adults using atomic absorption spectrometer. For quality assurance purpose certified reference materials i.e., Animal blood A-13, Bovine liver 1577 and cotton cellulose V-9 from IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and NIST （National Institute of Standard Technology） were analyzed under identical experimental conditions. The mean age of hypertensive adults was 52 years （range 43-66）. The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were （209±11.7） （range 170-250） and （117±3.9） （range 105-140） mmHg respectively. Blood lead concentration ranged from 78-201 μg/L with a mean of 139 μg/L and 165-497 μg/L with a mean of 255 μg/k in normal and hypertensive adults respectively. Increase in systolic blood pressure was significantly predictive with increase in blood lead levels. Body mass index （BMI） and lipid profile including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride correlated with blood pressure.

Residual urinary output in high body mass index individuals on chronic hemodialysis:A disregarded life vest?

AIM： To assess residual diuresis and diverse variables according to body mass index （BMI）.METHODS： Cross-sectional study （n = 57）, with 3 groups. Group A： BMI 〈 25, n = 22; Group B： BMI 25-30, n = 15; Group C： BMI 〉 30, n = 20. Diuresis, hematocrit, albumin, C-reactive protein, Malnutrition infammatory score, Pro-BNP, Troponin T, leptin and in-sulin levels are expressed as median and ranges （r）. RESULTS： Albumin （g/dL）： GA vs GC, 3.70 （r2.20-4.90） vs 3.85 （r3.40-4.90）, P = 0.02. Diuresis （mL/d）： GA 690 （r0-1780）; GB 660 （r60-1800）; GC 840 （r40-2840）. Diuresis GA vs GC, P = 0.01. Leptin （ng/mL）： GA vs GC, 3.81 （r0.78-69.60） vs GC, 32.80 （r0.78-124.50）, P 〈 0.001. Insulin （μU/mL）： GA vs GB, 7 （r2-44） vs 11.50 （r4-38）, P = 0.02; GA vs GC, 7 （r2-44） vs 19.5 （r5-155）, P = 0.0001. Troponin T and Pro-BNP levels were not different. Significant correlations： GC, Insulin-UF： ρ= 0.53; P = 0.03; TroponinT-diuresis： ρ = -0.48, P 〈 0.05; Pro-BNP-diuresis： ρ = -0.39, P 〈 0.01; Troponin T-ProBNP： ρ = 0.77, P 〈 0.0001; albumin-Troponin T： ρ = -0.66, P 〈 0.0001; albumin-ProBNP： ρ = -0.44, P 〈 0.05.CONCLUSION： High BMI associated positively with higher diuresis and albuminemia, and negatively with TropT and Pro-BNP. High BMI-associated better survival may be explained by better urinary output, lowering cardiovascular stress.

Conducting a Correlation Model Between TCM Constitution and Physical Examination Index Based on BPNN Algorithm

This paper studies the correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Constitution discrimination and physical examination index based on BPNN algorithm.253cases of routine urine test were used to build a linkage model between TCM Constitution and physical indicators via BPNN algorithm.According to the test,the correct rate of learning and test group are60%and40%,respectively.A strong correlation was found between TCM Constitution and physical examination indexes.By applying cutting-edge knowledge and technologies,the development and modernization process of TCM can be greatly promoted.

Research on the Correlation Between Physical Examination Indexes and TCM Constitutions Using the RBF Neural Network

Objective To establish correlation models between various physical examination indexes and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions,and explore their relationships based on the radial basis function(RBF)neural network.Methods The raw data of physical examination indexes and TMC constitutions of 650 subjects who underwent a physical examination were cleaned,classified and sorted,on the basis of which valid data were retrieved and categorized into a training dataset and a test dataset.Subsequently,the RBF neural network was applied to the valid samples in the training set to establish correlation models between various physical examination indexes and TCM constitutions.The accuracy and the error margin of the correlation model were then verified using the valid samples in the test set.Results Of all selected samples,the highest accuracy rates were 80% for the blood lipid index-TCM constitution model;100% for the renal function index-TCM constitution model;100% for the blood routine(male)index-TCM constitution model;88.8% for the blood routine(female)index-TCM constitution model;84.1%for the urine routine index-TCM constitution model;and 100% for the blood transfusion index-TCM constitution model.Conclusions The samples selected in this study suggested that there is a strong correlation between physical examination indexes and TCM constitutions,making it feasible to apply the established correlation models to TCM constitution identification.

Gender and metabolic differences of gallstone diseases

AIM： To investigate the risk factors for gallstone disease in the general population of Chengdu, China. METHODS： This study was conducted at the West China Hospital. Subjects who received a physical examination at this hospital between January and December 2007 were included. Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, serum lipid and lipoproteins concentrations were analyzed. Gallstone disease was diagnosed by ultrasound or on the basis of a history of cholecystectomy because of gallstone disease. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for gallstone disease, and the Chi-square test was used to analyze differences in the incidence of metabolic disorders between subjects with and without gallstone disease. RESULTS： A total of 3573 people were included, 10.7% （384/3573） of whom had gallstone diseases. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the incidence of gallstone disease in subjects aged 40-64 or ≥65 years was significantly different from that in those aged 18-39 years （P 〈 0.05）; the incidence was higher in women than in men （P 〈 0.05）. In men,a high level of fasting plasma glucose was obvious in gallstone disease （P 〈 0.05）, and in women, hypertriglyceridemia or obesity were significant in gallstone disease （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： We assume that age and sex are profoundly associated with the incidence of gallstone disease; the metabolic risk factors for gallstone disease were different between men and women.

Impact of body mass index on the development of pocket hematoma：A retrospective study in Chinese people

BackgroundPocket hematoma is one of the major complications associated with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices （CIEDs） implantation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of body mass index （BMI） on the occurrence of pocket hematoma after CIEDs implantation.MethodsThe study is a retrospective review of 972 patients receiving CIEDs implantation between 2008 and 2012 in a tertiary hospital.ResultsTwenty two patients （2.2%） developed severe pocket hematoma requiring re-intervention. The hematoma rate （4.6%,n = 15） of patients with a BMI of 〈 23 kg/m2 was significantly higher compared with that of patients with a BMI of≥23 kg/m2 （1.1%, n = 7,P〈 0.001）. In multivariate regression analysis, a BMI 〈 23.0 kg/m2 may be associated with the development of severe pocket hema-toma. An increase of 1.0 kg/m2 in BMI was associated with lower incidence of hematoma formation （OR： 0.84; 95% CI： 0.74-0.95;P = 0.006）.ConclusionBMI 〈 23 kg/m2 was associated with a higher incidence of pocket hematoma, requiring re-intervention. The data sup-port that great care must be taken when patients were with a lower BMI received CIEDs implantation.

Effectiveness of quality physical education in improving students' manipulative skill competency

Purpose： This study aimed to examine the extent to which the quality physical education teaching （QPET） practices contributed to improving 4th- and 5th-grade students＇ manipulative skill competency. Methods： Participants were 9 elementary physical education （PE） teachers and their 4th- and 5th-grade students （n = 2709 3420）. The students＇ skill competency was assessed with 3 manipulative skills using PE metrics assessment rubrics. The PE teachers＇ levels of QPET were assessed by coding 63 videotaped lessons using the assessing quality teaching rubrics （AQTR）, which consisted of 4 essential dimensions including task design, task presentation, class management, and instructional guidance. Codes were confirmed through inter-rater reliability （82.4%, 84.5%, and 94%）. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, multiple R2 regression models, and independent sample t tests. Results： This study indicated that the 4 essential dimensions of QPET were all significant contributors to students＇ manipulative skill competency. These predictors were significantly higher for boys than for girls in soccer and striking skills, while they were significantly higher for girls than for boys in throwing skill competency. Of the 4 essential dimensions of QPET, task presentation played the most significant role in contributing to all 3 skill competencies for both boys and girls. Further, students who experienced high QPET were significantly more skillfully competent than those students who did not have this experience. Conclusion： It was concluded that the QPET practices played a significantly critical role in contributing to students＇ manipulative skill competency.

Chemical and Microbiological Parameters of Paddy Soil Quality as Affected by Different Nutrient and Water Regimes

A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2002 to compare and evaluate the effects of nutrient and water regimes on paddy soil quality by investigating soil chemical and microbiological parameters. Four nutrient regimes, a control, chemical fertilizers only (CF), chemical fertilizers with swine manure (SM), and chemical fertilizers with wheat straw (WS), and two soil moisture regimes, continuous waterlogging (CWL) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD), were investigated. With SM and WS total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those with CF. A similar effect for organic amendments was observed in the soil light fraction organic C (LFOC), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and water-soluble organic C (WSOC). CWL, in particular when swine manure was incorporated into the paddy soil, markedly decreased soil redox potential (Eh) and increased total active reducing substances (ARS). Meanwhile, as compared to CF, SM and WS significantly (P < 0.05) increased soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and mineralizable carbon, with differences in AWD being higher than CWL. In addition, SM and WS treatments significantly (P < 0.05) improved rice above-ground biomass and grain yield, with AWD being greater than CWL. Thus, for ecologically sustainable agricultural management of paddy soils, long-term waterlogging should be avoided when organic manure was incorporated into paddy soil.

Role of body mass index in colon cancer patients in Taiwan

AIM： To determine the effect of body mass index （BMI） on the characteristics and overall outcome of colon cancer in Taiwan. METHODS： From January 1995 to July 2003, 2138 patients with colon cancer were enrolled in this study. BMI categories （in kg/m2） were established according to the classification of the Department of Health of Tai- wan. Postoperative morbidities and mortality, and survival analysis including overall survival （OS）, disease- free survival （DFS）, and cancer-specific survival （CSS） were compared across the BMI categories.27 kg/m2） patients. Being female, apparently anemic, hypoalbuminemic, and having body weight loss was more likely among underweight patients than among the other patients （P 〈 0.001）. Underweight patients had higher mortality rate （P = 0.00.7） and lower OS （P 〈 0.001） and DFS （P = 0.002） than the other pa- tients. OS and DFS did not differ significantly between normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients, while CSS did not differ significantly with the BMI category. CONCLUSION： In Taiwan, BMI does not significantly affect colon-CSS. Underweight patients had a higher rate of surgical mortality and a worse OS and DFS than the other patients. Obesity does not predict a worse survival.

Association between body mass index and erosive esophagitis:A meta-analysis

AIM:To conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the determinants of the association between erosive esophagitis (EE)and body mass index(BMI). METHODS:We identified the studies using PubMed. Studies were selected for analysis based on certain inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted from each study on the basis of predefined items.Metaanalyses were performed to verify the risk factors,such as obesity and gender. RESULTS:Twenty-one studies were included in this systematic review.These studies demonstrated an association between increasing BMI and the presence of EE[95%confidence interval(CI):1.35-1.88,overweight,odds ratio(OR)=1.60,P value homogeneity =0.003,95%CI:1.65-2.55,obese,OR=2.05,P< 0.01].The heterogeneity disappeared by stratifying for gender.No publication bias was observed in this metaanalysis by the Egger method. CONCLUSION:This analysis demonstrates a positive association between BMI and the presence of EE,especially in males.The risk seems to progressively increase with increasing weight.

The Comparative Approach on Outdoor Leisure Behavior of Urban Elderly People:A Case Study in Beijing

With the income increase of elderly people in Beijing and the improvement of leisure facilities since 2000, the quality of elderly people leisure life in Beijing has obviously increased com- pared to ten years ago. According to the investigation and com- parative analysis on more than 900 elderly people, who usually exercise in public parks in Beijing City, we have found out several new features of elderly people＇s outdoor recreation in Belting： the increase of the leisure time, the expansion of leisure space, the in- dividuation of interest and the diversification of consumption. The leisure life quality evaluation index system of urban elderly people can be built based on these analyses. In order to accommodate the development tendency of elderly people＇s demand for leisure diversification, we should strengthen the organization and manage- ment of elderly people＇s leisure activity in urban construction, and pay more attention to function complementation between commu- nities and parks.

Quality index of bedded and joint-bearing rock mass and its applications

Based on the theory of Fuzzy Mathematics and Expert System, this paper presents the quantitative expression method of bedded and joint bearing rock mass quality "Stratum Quality Index"(SQI for short), and also introduces the successful application of the method in estimating stratum movement parameters.

A Research on the Third-Party Legislative Post-Assessment in China

With the formation of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, China pays more attention to the scientificity and the quality of legislation, starting the assessment of the effect of implementation of the law after legislation conducted by an independent third-party institution with scientific methods. The third-party legislative post-assessment can overcome the drawbacks of self-assessment, realizing the public participation better, which makes results of the assessment more objective, neutral and fair. The neutrality of assessment and scientificity of the method should be adhered in the construction of third-party legislative post-assessment in China, while improving public participation as well as the assessment indicators system and quality control system with the introduction of specific legal norms.

The Effect of Age and Markers of Obesity on Bone Density in Iraqi Postmenopausal Women

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a low bone mineral density and structural deterioration of bone tissue. Leptin is considered to play a role in the maintenance of energy balance and body weight. Weight and body mass index are associated with low bone mineral density with high serum leptin concentration in older women. The study is designed to elucidate the impact of age and BMI （Body Mass Index） on osteoporotic patients （Iraqi postmenopausal women） and the functional role of leptin in those patients. A total of 72 patients divided into three groups according to BMI and two groups according to age： BMD （bone mineral density）, T-score and serum leptin concentration increased as BMI increased, while with increased age, BMD and T-score deceased and serum leptin concentration increased. There is a significant difference of BMD and T-score in BMI （25-30） group and BMI （〉 30） group from that in BMI （〈 25） group. In conclusions： Both age and BMI have an impact on osteoporosis although age shows more impact on the severity of the disease than does BMI. Studying the direct impact of leptin on BMD may open the way in using new methods in treating and preventing the osteoporosis in patients with risk factors.

Risk Assessment of Secondary Geological Disasters Induced by the Yushu Earthquake

The Yushu Ms 7.1 earthquake occurred on April 14,2010 in Qinghai Province,China.It induced a mass of secondary geological disasters,such as collapses,landslides,and debris flows.Risk assessment maps are important for geological disaster prevention and mitigation,and also can serve as a guide for post-earthquake reconstruction.Firstly,a hazard assessment index system of secondary geological disasters in the earthquake region was built in this paper,which was based on detailed analysis of environmental and triggering factors closely related to geological disasters in the study area.GIS technology was utilized to extract and analyze the assessment index.Hazard assessment maps of secondary geological disasters were obtained by spatial modeling and overlaying analysis.Secondly,an analysis of the vulnerability of hazard bearing bodies in the area was conducted,important information,such as, population density,percentage of arable land, industrial and agricultural outputs per unit area were regarded as assessment indices to evaluate socioeconomic vulnerability.Thirdly,the risk level of secondary geological disasters of the area was obtained by the formula:Risk=Hazard×Vulnerability. Risk assessment maps were categorized into four levels,including"low","moderate","high"and"very high".These results show that some urban areas are at very high risk,including Jiegu,Chengwen,Xiaxiula and Sahuteng towns.This research can provide some references and suggestions to improve decisionmaking support for emergency relief and post- earthquake reconstruction in the study area.