Cognitive Radio(CR) is a promising technology to solve the challenging spectrum scarcity problem.However, to implement CR, spectrum sensing is the groundwork and the precondition.In this paper, a collaborative spectru...Cognitive Radio(CR) is a promising technology to solve the challenging spectrum scarcity problem.However, to implement CR, spectrum sensing is the groundwork and the precondition.In this paper, a collaborative spectrum sensing scheme using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed.The final sensing decision of the proposed scheme is based on the combination of distributed sensing results of different Secondary Users(SUs).To improve the reliability of the sensing decision, the combination procedure takes into account the credibility of each SU, which is evaluated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The effect of the presence of malicious SUs and malfunctioning SUs on the performance of the proposed scheme is also investigated.The efficiency of the scheme is validated through analysis and simulation.展开更多
LaparoEndoscopic Single-site(LESS) renal surgery emerging as a potential alternative to conventional laparoscopy,is technically challenging and the major vascular anomaly may increase the risk of intraoperative haemor...LaparoEndoscopic Single-site(LESS) renal surgery emerging as a potential alternative to conventional laparoscopy,is technically challenging and the major vascular anomaly may increase the risk of intraoperative haemorrhage.Herein,we present a case of right transumbilical LESS radical nephrectomy which was successfully performed in the presence of double inferior vena cava and duplicated the standard laparoscopic techniques.Most importantly,to bring such an aberrant vascular anatomy to the attention of laparoscopic,especially LESS surgeons with high resolution pictorial illustrations.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60672079)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2006701 and No. BK2007002)
文摘Cognitive Radio(CR) is a promising technology to solve the challenging spectrum scarcity problem.However, to implement CR, spectrum sensing is the groundwork and the precondition.In this paper, a collaborative spectrum sensing scheme using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed.The final sensing decision of the proposed scheme is based on the combination of distributed sensing results of different Secondary Users(SUs).To improve the reliability of the sensing decision, the combination procedure takes into account the credibility of each SU, which is evaluated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The effect of the presence of malicious SUs and malfunctioning SUs on the performance of the proposed scheme is also investigated.The efficiency of the scheme is validated through analysis and simulation.
基金Supported by the Municipal Hospitals' Project for Emerging and Frontier Technology of Shanghai (SHDC12010115)the Chinese Military Major Project for Clinical High-tech and Innovative Technology (2010gxjs057)the Project of Key Discipline of Shanghai
文摘LaparoEndoscopic Single-site(LESS) renal surgery emerging as a potential alternative to conventional laparoscopy,is technically challenging and the major vascular anomaly may increase the risk of intraoperative haemorrhage.Herein,we present a case of right transumbilical LESS radical nephrectomy which was successfully performed in the presence of double inferior vena cava and duplicated the standard laparoscopic techniques.Most importantly,to bring such an aberrant vascular anatomy to the attention of laparoscopic,especially LESS surgeons with high resolution pictorial illustrations.
