苗药挖腐生肌膏对实验性体表溃疡模型大鼠创面愈合的实验研究

目的:观察苗药挖腐生肌膏在大鼠体表创面愈合过程中对大鼠皮肤创面ECG基因表达新生肉芽组织成纤维细胞及新生毛细血管的影响。方法:60只8W龄SD大鼠,建立大鼠背部感染溃疡创面模型后分为3组:凡士林组、对照组(湿润烧伤膏组)和观察组(苗药挖腐生肌膏组),每组20只。分别于用药后d3、d5、d7、d14取创面肉芽组织,用原位杂交法测定EGF,以光密度值反映其含量变化,采用PCNA免疫组织化学染色法检测创面新生肉芽组织成纤维细胞数量,采用CD34免疫组织化学法测定创面新生肉芽组织毛细血管数量,并记录创面愈合时间。结果:换药后d3、d5、d7,对照组和观察组肉芽组织EGF、创面新生肉芽组织成纤维细胞数量和新生肉芽组织毛细血管数量均高于凡士林组(P<0.01)。d14时两组上述指标减少,各时间点对照组和观察组组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组和观察组创面完全愈合所需时间明显短于凡士林组,有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:苗药挖腐生肌膏能够促进大鼠皮肤切口感染性创面的愈合。其机制可能与增加早、中期大鼠创面肉芽组织细胞中EGF的含量和创面新生肉芽组织成纤维细胞数量和新生肉芽组织毛细血管数量,从而加快创面愈合。

Regularity of Wind-dispelling Medication Prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan:A Data Mining Technology-based Study

Objective To extract and analyze information on the regularity with which wind-dispelling medication was prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan and many doctors of his school of thought and to provide theoretical basis and ideas for modern clinical application to facilitate the use,research,and development of these medications.Methods Original data on wind-dispelling medication described in LI Dong-Yuan’s works were collected,sorted and organized.Data mining and comprehensive analysis were performed by using a series of data processing softwares,such as SPSS 22.0,Modeler 18.0 and x Miner.By reviewing LI Dong-Yuan’s writings on wind-dispelling medication,the number of prescriptions for wind-dispelling medication were counted.Frequency of use of wind-dispelling medication was determined,and association rules analysis,factor analysis,and core drug network analysis were used to reveal associations of the symptoms of syndromes and treatment with wind-dispelling medication and to reveal the regularity with which these medications were prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan.Results A total of 356 prescriptions and 121 flavors of winddispelling medication were observed.Among them,five kinds of medicinal properties,seven kinds of medicinal tastes,and 12 kinds of meridians were identified.Furthermore,herbs were divided into 18 categories according to their efficacy.Statistical analysis showed that there were 23 wind-dispelling medications that were prescribed with a frequency of≥60.The mainly used drugs were Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fang Feng,防风),Bupleuri Radix(Chai Hu,柴胡),Cimicifugae Rhizoma(Sheng Ma,升麻),Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix(Qiang Huo,羌活),Puerariae Lobatae Radix(Ge Gen,葛根),Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuan Xiong,川芎),and Ephedrae Herba(Ma Huang,麻黄).In addition,we analyzed the association rules wind-dispelling medication and obtained 23 one-to-one drug association rules and 11 multiple-to-one drug association rules.The core drug network analysis data visualization showed core drugs used in the treatment of external wind assailing the exterior(wind-cold,wind-heat,wind-dampness,etc.),wind-stroke,and tonifying middle and replenishing Qi.Factor analysis was performed on the drugs used by LI Dong-Yuan,and finally 4 groups of wind medicine combinations were obtained.Conclusions This data mining-based study on the regularity of wind-dispelling medication described in LI Dong-Yuan’s works is of great significance,because it reveals the clinical application of its theoretical formulae and medications.

Analysis of drug use law and mechanism of prostate cancer based on data mining and network pharmacology

Objective: Excavate the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of prostate cancer, and predicting the biomolecular level mechanism of high-frequency drug compatibility. Methods: Relevant documents in CNKI, Wanfang Medical Network and VIP Chinese Biomedical Periodical Database Pubmed, EMbase were collected and collated systematically. Frequency statistics, association rule analysis and new party mining were carried out using TCMISSV2.5. BATMAN-TCM was used to analyze the interaction relationship and related pathways between high-frequency drug targets. Results: Huangqi (Astragalus membranaceus) was the single drug most used of the 102prescriptions included in the standard. There are 6 pairs of combinations with high confidence in association rule analysis. System entropy cluster analysis resulted in 20 core drug combinations and 9 new prescriptions. Through KEGG pathway analysis of Huangqi, Fuling (Poria cocos), Gancao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) and Dihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa), it was found that the number of potential targets of the neural active ligand receptor rented pathway and purine metabolism pathway was the largest. Conclusions: Prostate cancer is mainly treated with deficiency-tonifying drugs, which are combined with drugs for promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, clearing heat, promoting diuresis, detoxifying and resolving hard mass. The mechanism of action of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine may be realized by interfering with the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway and purine metabolism pathway.

Analyze the rules of Chinese herbal of Professor Xiong Lu in treating metaphase and advanced lung cancer by data mining

Objective： To analyze the experience of chief physician Xiong Lu in treating metaphase and advanced lung cancer through using TCM inheritance support system （V2.5）. Methods： Collecting the prescriptions used for metaphase and advanced lung cancer from November 1, 2014 to February 1, 2015, then the data were entered into the TCM inheritance support system. Based on principle analysis, revised mutual information, complex system entropy cluster and unsupervised hierarchical clustering composing principles were analyzed. Results： Based on the analysis of 228 cases of prescriptions, the frequency of each Chinese medicinal herb and association rules among herbs included in the database were computed. 15 core combinations and 2 new prescriptions were explored from the database. Conclusion： In treating metaphase and advanced lung cancer, chief physician Xiong Lu pay attention to Fuzheng Peiben （Therapy for support Zheng-qi to propup root）, according to the different situation cooperate with Tong Luo （dredging collaterals）, San Jie （Dissipating a mass）, Huo Xue （Activating blood）, Gong Du （Counteracting toxic substance） and so on. Xiong Lu is also good at using toxic drugs and incompatible medicaments.

Traditional Chinese medicine Master XIONG Jibo’s medication experience in treating arthralgia syndrome through data mining

Objective This study aimed to examine and propagate the medication experience and group formula of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)Master XIONG Jibo in diagnosing and treat-ing arthralgia syndrome(AS)through data mining.Methods Data of outpatient cases of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from January 1,2014 to December 31,2018,along with cases recorded in A Real Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Doctor:XIONG Jibo's Clinical Medical Record 1,which was published in December 2019.The five variables collected from the patients’data were TCM diagnostic information,TCM and western medicine diagnoses,syndrome,treatment,and prescription.A database was established for the collected data with Excel.Using the Python environment,a custom-ized modified natural language processing(NLP)model for the diagnosis and treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo was established to preprocess the data and to analyze the word cloud.Frequency analysis,association rule analysis,cluster analysis,and visual analysis of AS cases were performed based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computing Platform(V3.0)and RStudio(V4.0.3).Results A total of 610 medical records of Professor XIONG Jibo were collected from the case database.A total of 103 medical records were included after data screening criteria,which comprised 187 times(45 kinds)of prescriptions and 1506 times(125 kinds)of Chinese herbs.The main related meridians were the liver,spleen,and kidney meridians.The properties of Chinese herbs used most were mainly warm,flat,and cold,while the flavors of herbs were mainly bitter,pungent,and sweet.The main patterns of AS included the damp heat,phlegm stasis,and neck arthralgia.The most commonly used herbs for AS were Chuanniuxi(Cyathu-lae Radix),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),and Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma).The most common effect of the herbs was“promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis”,followed by“supple-menting deficiency(Qi supplementing,blood supplementing,and Yang supplementing)”,and“dispelling wind and dampness”.The data were analyzed with the support≥15%and con-fidence=100%,and after de-duplication,five second-order association rules,39 third-order association rules,39 fourth-order association rules,and two fifth-order association rules were identified.The top-ranking association rules of each were“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma)+Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)→Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex)”“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”and“Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix)+Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)+Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)+Huangbo(Phello-dendri Chinensis Cortex)→Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)”,respectively.Five clusters were obtained using cluster analysis of the top 30 herbs.The herbs were mainly dry-ing dampness,supplementing Qi,and promoting blood circulation.The main prescriptions of AS were Ermiao San(二妙散),Gegen Jianghuang San(葛根姜黄散),and Huangqi Chongteng Yin(黄芪虫藤饮).The herbs of core prescription included Cangzhu(Atractylodis Rhizoma),Chuanniuxi(Cyathulae Radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma),Huangbo(Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex),Mugua(Chaenomelis Fructus),Qinjiao(Gentianae Macro-phyllae Radix),Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix),and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen).Conclusion Clearing heat and dampness,relieving collaterals and pain,and invigorating Qi and blood are the most commonly used therapies for the treatment of AS by Professor XIONG Jibo.Additionally,customized NLP model could improve the efficiency of data mining in TCM.

Application regularity of medicinal and dietary substances for patients during COVID-19 rehabilitation

Objective This study focused on the application regularity of medicinal and dietary sub-stances(MDS)of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diet therapy during rehabilitation,in order to help patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)reduce sequelae and improve their life quality.Methods The official websites of the national and provincial health committees,the website of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,the China BioMedical Literature Database(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),and Wanfang Database were used to search the keywords,such as“coronavirus”“novel coronavirus pneumonia”“COVID-19”“protocol”“guideline”“consensus”and“rehabilitation period”.The search time was from the establishment of databases to July 31,2022.The prevention and control protocols of various provinces and cities were manually supplemented and screened out.The information on the frequency,property,flavor,meridian tropism,and efficacy of MDS was collected for association rule analysis through the Apriori algorithm.Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Euclidean distance and longest distance.Results A total of 18 protocols were screened out,including 56 lists of TCM diet therapy,and 47 kinds of MDS with a frequency of 132 times during the rehabilitation of COVID-19.Among them,six lists of diet therapy were collected from national websites,26 from local government websites,and 24 from social and academic institution websites.The intended population can be divided into seven categories including normal recovery,lung-spleen Qi deficiency,deficiency of both Qi and Yin,spleen-stomach weakness,deficiency of Yang Qi,kidney Qi deficiency,and blood deficiency.Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma)and Lianzi(Nelumbinis Semen),followed by Dazao(Jujubae Fructus)were used most commonly in MDS,with mainly flat property,sweet flavor,and spleen and lung meridians in meridian tropism.Besides,deficiency-tonifying drugs were commonly used in MDS.Through association rule analysis,12 groups of association MDS pairs were obtained.The pair of Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)and Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium)had the highest Lift value,and Yiyiren(Coicis Semen)was used most frequently in the MDS category for eliminating pathogenic factors.The results of complex network analysis showed that the core MDS were Yiyiren(Coicis Semen),Shanyao(Dioscoreae Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Fuling(Poria),and Dazao(Jujubae Fructus).Three core categories were classified by cluster analysis,including the category of strengthening spleen,nourishing kidney,and grasping Qi,the category of removing phlegm,abating panting,and regulating Qi,and the category of strengthening the middle-energizer and reinforcing Qi.Conclusion Based on the TCM theory,most patients during the rehabilitation of COVID-19 are in a state of lingering pathogens due to deficient vital Qi.TCM diet therapy is based on the principle of“giving both reinforcing and reducing treatment”,and the MDS combinations focus on both reinforcing the health Qi and eliminating pathogenic factors.The diet therapy mainly uses the MDS with flat property and sweet flavor,which belongs to deficiency-tonifying drugs,adding suitable MDS of pathogen-eliminating drugs according to different situations.The ultimate goal is to promote lung inflammation absorption,improve pulmonary fibrosis,increase immunity,reduce the occurrence of sequelae,and improve life quality.

麻黄的传说

有个挖药的老人，收了个狂妄的徒弟，才学会一点皮毛，就看不起师傅了。师傅伤透了心，就对徒弟说：“你翅膀硬了，另立门户吧。”徒弟倒满不在乎：“行啊!”师傅不放心地说：“不过，有一种药，叫无叶草，不能随便卖给人。”说罢，便传授了使用无叶草的口诀。

赤脚医生之死

老文病故。当了大半辈子的赤脚医生也没能留住自己的生命,古稀之年驾鹤仙逝。老文尸骨未寒,家人还在悲天跄地嚎哭时,乡亲们却悄然议论开了……那时他白白嫩嫩、血气方刚,就不用下到田间地头干农活,挎着个卫生箱走东家、串西家,令人眼红哩.不过,他很懂味,既钻研医术,还上山挖药炼制中草药,渐渐地很少用西药给乡亲治病了,医药费也自然便宜,而且疗效好.

Herbal compatibility of Traditional Chinese Medical formulas for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

OBJECTIVE:Because herbal compatibility is one of the most important reasons why Traditional Chinese Medcine(TCM) formulas are effective for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),our study aimed to determine the compatibility of herbs based on published AIDS clinical research in Chinese periodicals.To achieve this aim,we designed a new data-mining algorithm according to TCM data characteristics.METHODS:We found 25 clinical AIDS studies,all using Chinese herbs for treatment,in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System,and information on diagnosis and treatment was extracted.To find out herbal compatibility,especially the formulae for herbal combinations,we proposed an improved association rule algorithm based on the frequency of combinations.In this algorithm,all the compatibility relationships were displayed in a tree structure,by which the relationship between formulas and their derivation could be clearly inferred.RESULTS:Data analysis showed that approximately 100 herbs have been used for treating AIDS.Based on the whole herb compatibility tree,we calculated a basic formula for AIDS:Huang Qi combined with Ren Shen,Fu Ling,Bai Zhu,Bai Zhu,Dang Gui,and Bai Shao.This formula,deriving from most of clinical prescriptions,and was chosed by most of clinicians for AIDS treatment.From data mining we found that Qi replenishment and detoxification were the main treatment principles,which coincided with the AIDS pathological mechanism in which immune function is destroyed by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).CONCLUSIONS:Our data-mining results suggest that the core TCM treatment of AIDS is replenishing Qi and detoxification,by which AIDS patients' immune system may be enhanced.Compatibility of Huang Qi with some frequently-used herbs have shown real efficacy in clinical practice,which warrants pharmacological research in the future.

Web search and data mining of natural products and their bioactivities in PubChem

Natural products,as major resources for drug discovery historically,are gaining more attentions recently due to the advancement in genomic sequencing and other technologies,which makes them attractive and amenable to drug candidate screening.Collecting and mining the bioactivity information of natural products are extremely important for accelerating drug development process by reducing cost.Lately,a number of publicly accessible databases have been established to facilitate the access to the chemical biology data for small molecules including natural products.Thus,it is imperative for scientists in related fields to exploit these resources in order to expedite their researches on natural products as drug leads/candidates for disease treatment.PubChem,as a public database,contains large amounts of natural products associated with bioactivity data.In this review,we introduce the information system provided at PubChem,and systematically describe the applications for a set of PubChem web services for rapid data retrieval,analysis,and downloading of natural products.We hope this work can serve as a starting point for the researchers to perform data mining on natural products using PubChem.

Medicinal Plants Harvesting in Wolong National Nature Reserve

A combination of sample surveys and questionnaires were used to investigate the harvesting of wild medicinal plants （WMP） in Wolong National Nature Reserve （WNNR） from August 2014 to July 2015. These surveys showed that up to 20 families and 45 species of WMP were harvested in WNNR. Gastrodia elata, Paris polyphylla, Fritillaria thun-bergli, Rheum officinale, Rhodiola rosea, Saussurea medusa, Notopterygium root, Radix Ginseng, Buddha＇s palm were harvested intensely. The harvesting, which occurred mainly in autumn and winter （from June to October） in the test area, buffer area and core area, was located mostly in the residential and crop production areas of Wolong Town and Gengda Town, and in the timberline, alpine meadows and scree areas of Dengshenggou Ravine and Balangshan Mountain （specifically in Dengshenggou, Tangfang, Tizigou Ravine, Wei- jiagou Ravine and Reshuihe River areas）. Among all the harvesters, 58% came from inside the WNNR, and 42% came from outside the WNNR; 87% were male, and 13% were female; 6% were under the age of 18, 69% were 19-45 years old, 19% were 46-65 years old, 6% were over 66 years old. The main purpose of harvesting was commercial sale to increase household income. Based on the analysis and discussion of the results, comprehensive management measures were introduced to strengthen the awareness and efficacy of laws and regulations, integrate the enforcement of these laws, establish and strengthen inspections. Skills training and the domestication of the wild medicinal materials were used to encourage the surplus labor force to avoid excessive harvesting and move into other agricultural endeavors.

Research on Component Law of Chinese Patent Medicine for Anti-influenza and Development of New Recipes for Anti-influenza by Unsupervised Data Mining Methods

Objective:To analyze the component law of Chinese patent medicines for anti-influenza and develop new prescriptions for anti-influenza by unsupervised data mining methods. Methods: Chinese patent medicine recipes for anti-influenza were collected and recorded in the database, and then the correlation coefficient between herbs, core combinations of herbs and new prescriptions were analyzed by using modified mutual information, complex system entropy cluster and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, respectively. Results: Based on analysis of 126 Chinese patent medicine recipes, the frequency of each herb occurrence in these recipes, 54 frequently-used herb pairs, 34 core combinations were determined, and 4 new recipes for influenza were developed. Conclusion: Unsupervised data mining methods are able to mine the component law quickly and develop new prescriptions.

Optimizing medication strategies for liver cancer:unraveling the mechanisms of key drug combinations in the comprehensive guide to effective tumor prescriptions

This study delved into the formulaic patterns of liver cancer treatment outlined in“The Complete Book of Good Tumor Prescriptions”and explored the action mechanisms of core traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)combinations.Initially,liver cancer treatment formulas were extracted from the aforementioned book,and Excel 2017 was employed for calculating the frequency,properties,and meridians associated with the TCMs.IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 was utilized for the analysis of TCM association rules,and Cytoscape 3.7.2 was employed for the visualization of these rules.Subsequently,network pharmacology was utilized to analyze the action mechanisms of core TCM combinations,leveraging TCMSP,TCMID,Genecards,DAVID,and other databases.The results revealed the inclusion of 131 prescriptions encompassing 303 TCMs.The core TCMs predominantly comprised those invigorating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,clearing heat,and tonifying deficiencies.The flavor of the TCMs was chiefly bitter or pungent,with a prevailing cold property entering the liver and spleen meridians.Association analysis indicated that the support of Angelicae sinensis radix-Trionycis carapax was the highest.Network pharmacology predictions indicated that Angelicae sinensis radix-Trionycis carapax possessed 20 target genes associated with anti-liver cancer properties,including IL-6,MAPK3,and SRC.Gene survival analysis demonstrated high expression of MAPK3 and SRC in liver cancer patients,correlating with a poor prognosis.KEGG analysis identified major anti-liver cancer pathways for Angelicae sinensis radix-Trionycis carapax,encompassing the cancer pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and prolactin signaling pathway.In summary,this study elucidated that TCMs for liver cancer treatment primarily consisted of invigorating blood circulation and removing blood stasis,antipyretic,and tonifying medicines.The core TCM pair,Angelicae sinensis radix-Trionycis carapax,appeared pivotal in this context.The underlying mechanism might involve the modulation of key genes,such as MAPK3 and SRC,and the regulation of pathways,including the cancer pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and prolactin signaling pathway.