大跨度地下结构振动性态试验研究

介绍了某大跨度地下结构的振动台试验,通过试验对拟定结构的自振频率、阻尼比及动力响应进行分析,并重点分析了地下结构对竖向地震激励的响应。讨论了在不同埋深下,土与结构的相互作用对地下结构抗震性能的影响。

弹簧隔振基础中速磨煤机振动性态分析与动力优化

火力发电厂中速磨煤机采用弹簧隔振基础以减小设备工作扰力对主厂房的影响。为分析弹簧隔振基础中速磨煤机的振动性态并评估其振动安全性,对五个电厂八台磨煤机进行现场振动测试。测试基础上、下台板和设备本体的振动线位移。建立磨煤机—基础耦合的有限元模型,进行模态分析和谐响应分析。有限元计算结果与现场动测结果基本一致。对弹簧隔振基础中速磨煤机的设计参数进行优化分析。研究表明,弹簧隔振中速磨煤机基础振动位移满足规范要求,但设备本体振动位移较大,设计中应通过限制基础平台振动位移控制设备本体振动位移。

一类三阶非线性滞后微分系统的振动性态

尽管线性微分系统已经有一系列的理论结果,但是其相应的具滞后的线性或者非线性系统的研究并不太多.本文讨论了一类非线性微分系统的振动性态.我们所用的分析方法比较简便且结论比已给出的结论要好.

基于碾轮振动性态分析的土石坝压实质量实时监测与评估

有效控制坝体填筑碾压质量是确保土石坝工程安全的关键。常规采用碾压参数过程控制与事后试坑抽检相结合来控制土石坝压实质量的方法,不能在碾压过程中直接控制坝料压实质量(如压实度、干密度、孔隙率等),且用有限个抽样点不仅难以真实反映整个施工仓面的压实质量,而且由于试坑检测结果不能快速获得,不易及时反馈控制现场施工。本文基于碾轮振动性态及坝料压实机理分析,提出了土石坝料压实质量的实时表征指标——压实监测值CV(Compaction Value),研制开发了相应的车载实时监测装置。基于实时监测的CV,并考虑坝料的级配及含水率,提出了土石坝料压实质量(压实度)的全仓面快速评估方法。实际工程应用表明,CV与坝料压实度之间存在很强的相关性,所建立的压实度回归模型精度较高。本文方法可实现土石坝压实质量全仓面的快速评估,有效避免试坑抽检的片面性及滞后性,为土石坝施工质量控制提供了一条新的途径。

NOVEL METHOD FOR DYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION OF STABILITY IN HIGH-SPEED MILLING SYSTEM

Considering the self-excited and forced vibrations in high-speed milling processes, a novel method for dynamic optimization of system stability is used to determine the cutting parameters and structural parameters by increasing the chatter free material removal rate （CF-MRR） and surface finish. The method is hased on the theory of the chatter stability and the semi-bandwidth of the resonant region. The objective function of the method is material removal rate（MRR）,the constraints are chatter stability and surface finish, and the optimizing variables are cutting and structural parameters. The optimization procedure is stated. The method is applied to a milling system and CF-MRR is increased 18.86%. It is shown that the influences of the chatter stability and the resonance are simultaneously considered in the dynamic optimization of the milling system for increasing CF-MRR and the surface finish.

Microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties of rock under freeze-thaw environment

For understanding the rock microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties subjected to recurrent freeze-thaw cycles, experiments for five groups of homogeneous sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles were conducted. After freezethaw, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) tests and impact loading tests were carried out, from which microscopic damage characteristics of sandstone and dynamic mechanical parameters were obtained. The results indicate that the porosity increases with the increase of cycle number, the rate of porosity growth descends at the beginning of freeze-thaw, yet accelerates after a certain number of cycles. The proportion of pores with different sizes changes dynamically and the multi-scale distribution of pores tends to develop on pore structure with the continuing impact of freeze-thaw and thawing. Dynamic compressive stress-strain curve of sandstone undergoing freeze-thaw can be divided into four phases, and the phase of compaction is inconspicuous compared with the static curve. Elastic modulus and dynamic peak intensity of sandstone gradually decrease with freeze-thaw cycles, while peak strain increases. The higher the porosity is, the more serious the degradation of dynamic intensity is. The porosity is of a polynomial relationship with the dynamic peak intensity.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Silica Nanotube： Structural and Vibrational Properties Under Different Temperatures

Four-, six-, and eight-membered ring silica nanotubes at temperatures from 300 K to 1600 K are relaxed by classical molecular dynamics simulations with three potential models. The simulation results indicate that the stability of the end rings of the three silica nanotubes gradually decreases with increase in temperature. The validity of the vibrational features of silica nanotubes is shown by the vibrational density of states. Infrared spectra on the silica nanotubes under different temperatures are investigated. A detailed assignment of each spectral peak to the corresponding vibrational mode of the three nanotubes has been addressed. The results are in good agreement with the other theoretical and experimental

Firmness evaluation of melon using its vibration characteristic and finite element analysis

The “Huang gua” melons were measured for their physical properties including firmness and static elastic modulus. The vibrational characteristics of fruits and vegetables are governed by their elastic modulus (firmness), mass, and geometry. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate firmness of fruits and vegetables based on their vibrational characteristics. Analysis of the vibration responses of a fruit is suggested for measuring elastic properties (Firmness) non-destructively. The impulse response method is often used to measure firmness of fruits. The fruit was excited using three types of balls (wooden, steel and rubber) and the vibration is detected by an accelerometer. The Instron device was used to measure the static elastic modulus of the inner, middle and outer portions of melon flesh. Finite element (FE) technique was used to determine the optimum excitation location of the chosen measurement sensor and to analyze the mode shape fruits. Four types of mode shapes (torsional or flexural mode shape, first-type, second-type spherical mode and breathing mode shape) were found. Finite element simulation results agreed well with experimental results. Correlation between the firmness and resonant frequency (r2=0.91) and between the resonant frequency and stiffness factor (r2=0.74) existed. The optimum location and suitable direction for excitation and response measurement on the fruit were suggested.

Analysis of the hull girder vibration by dynamic stiffness matrix method

Dynamic stiffness matrix method is applied to compute vibration of hull girder in this paper. This method can not only simplify the computational model, but also get much higher frequencies and responses accurately. The analytical expressions of dynamic stiffness matrix of a Timoshenko beam for transverse vibration are presented in this paper. All effects of rotatory inertia and shear deformation are taken into account in the formulation. The resulting dynamic stiffness matrix combined with the Wittrick-Williams algorithm is used to compute natural frequencies and mode shapes of the 299,500 DWT VLCC, and then the vibrational responses are solved by the mode superposition method. The computational results are compared with those obtained from other approximate methods and experiment, and it indicates that the method is accurate and efficient.

Dynamic simulation on rubber spring supporting equipment of vibrating screen

By ANSYS, dynamic simulation analysis of rubber spring supporting equipment used in vibrating screen was made. The modal frequency, mode, and harmonic displacement under working frequency were obtained. Variation of rubber spring supporting equipment＇s dynamic performance was discussed first, which is under the condition of existing spring stiffness difference and exciting force bias. Also, the quantitative calculation formulas were given. The results indicate that the performance of vibrating screen is closely related with rubber spring supporting equipment＇s dynamic performance. Differences of springs＇ stiffness coefficients reduce the modal frequency reduced, decrease the dynamic stiffness, and increase vibration displacement. Exciting force bias induces a larger lateral displacement. When rubber springs＇ stiffness coefficients exist, differences and lateral force accounts for 5% in total exciting force; rubber spring supporting equipment＇s side swing is larger than 1 mm, exceeding the side swing limit.

Optimization Design of Vibration Characteristics of Ship Composite Brace with Rigid Vibration Isolation Mass

In considering the theory of structural dynamic optimization design, a design method of the structural style of ship composite brace with rigid vibration isolation mass was studied. Two kinds of structural dynamic optimization formulations minimizing the vibration acceleration of the non-pressure hull on the restraining condition of the gross weight of the ship cabin were established: 1) dynamic optimization of the sectional dimensions of the rigid vibration isolation mass in the composite brace; 2) dynamic optimization of the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass. Through the optimization results, sectional dimensions and the arranging position of the rigid vibration isolation mass with better performance in reducing vibration were gained, and some reference was provided for practical engineering designs as well as enrichment of the design method of a novel ship vibration-isolation brace.

Application of experimental modal analysis technique to structural design of linear vibrating screen

A large model of the screen was mounted in the laboratory for studying its modal performance. The model is suspended with steel ropes. Modal test was carried out with artificially exciting by 500 g impacting hammer and 100 kg exciting force shaker respectively. Synthesis and correction of the modal parameters are obtained from both testing methods. Design faults of vibrating screen were determined based on the analy-sis and dynamic correction of structure approaches about the screen was put forward finally.

Vibration-based feature extraction of determining dynamic characteristic for engine block low vibration design

In order to maintain vibration performances within the limits of the design, a vibration-based feature extraction method for dynamic characteristic using empirical mode decomposition （EMD） and wavelet analysis was proposed. The proposed method was verified experimentally and numerically by implementing the scheme on engine block. In the implementation process, the following steps were identified to be important： 1） EMD technique in order to solve the feature extraction of vibration signals; 2） Vibration measurement for the purpose of confirming the structural weak regions of engine block in experiment; 3） Finite element modeling for the purpose of determining dynamic characteristic in time region and frequency region to affirm the comparability of response character corresponding to improvement schemes; 4） Adopting a feature index oflMF for structural improvement based on EMD and wavelet analysis. The obtained results show that IMF of signal is more sensitive to response character corresponding to improvement schemes. Finally, examination of the results confirms that the proposed vibration-based feature extraction method is very robust, and focuses on the relative merits of modification and full-scale structural optimization of engine, together with the creation of new low-vibration designs.

Effects of microwave radiation on dynamic compressive properties of basalt

The dynamic mechanical properties of basalt affected by microwave were investigated by performing dynamic compressive tests using the SHPB system.Meanwhile,the thermal damage of the treated basalt was characterized by ultrasonic non-destructive testing and nuclear magnetic resonance technology.The results show that with the increase of microwave power and exposure time,the P-wave velocity,dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus decrease continuously,and the dynamic failure mode tends to be a more complex fracturing.The increase in microwave power and exposure time can enhance the temperature difference and transfer coefficient among minerals,hence intensifying the rock damage induced by thermal shock.

Elastic-plastic study on high building with SRC transferring story

A new type of transferring structure for steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams is used in high building. The pushover analysis method was used to study the failure mechanism and ductility of SRC transferring structure through consulting pseudo-static test results for the structure. And, the occurrence order and position of the plastic hinge, the weak story and seismic capacity of high building with SRC transferring story were also studied through consulting shaking table test results for the high building, showing that the seismic behavior of high building with SRC transferring story is good.

Shear modulus and damping ratio of sand-granulated rubber mixtures

Recycled waste tires when mixed with soil can play an important role as lightweight materials in retaining walls and embankments, machine foundations and railroad track beds in seismic zones. Having high damping characteristic, rubbers can be used as either soil alternative or mixed with soil to reduce vibration when seismic loads are of great concern. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamic properties of such mixtures prior to practical applications. To this reason, torsional resonant column and dynamic triaxial experiments were carried out and the effect of the important parameters like rubber content and ratio of mean grain size of rubber solids versus soil solids(D50,r/D50,s) on dynamic response of mixtures in a range of low to high shearing strain amplitude from about 4×10-4% to 2.7% were investigated. Considering engineering applications, specimens were prepared almost at the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content to model a mixture layer above the ground water table and in low precipitation region. The results show that tire inclusion significantly reduces the shear modulus and increases the damping ratio of the mixtures. Also decrease in D50,r/D50,s causes the mixture to exhibit more rubber-like behavior. Finally, normalized shear modulus versus shearing strain amplitude curve was proposed for engineering practice.

Maneuver and vibration reduction of flexible spacecraft using sliding mode/command shaping technique

A generalized scheme based on the sliding mode and component synthesis vibration suppression (CSVS) method has been proposed for the rotational maneuver and vibration suppression of an orbiting spacecraft with flexible appendages. The proposed control design process is twofold: design of the attitude controller followed by the design of a flexible vibration attenuator. The attitude controller using only the attitude and the rate information for the flexible spacecraft (FS) is designed to serve two purposes: it forces the attitude motion onto a pre-selected sliding surface and then guides it to the state space origin. The shaped command input controller based on the CSVS method is designed for the reduction of the flexible mode vibration, which only requires information about the natural frequency and damping of the closed system. This information is used to discretize the input so that minimum energy is injected via the controller to the flexible modes of the spacecraft. Additionally, to extend the CSVS method to the system with the on-off actuators, the pulse-width pulse-frequency (PWPF) modulation is introduced to control the thruster firing and integrated with the CSVS method. PWPF modulation is a control method that provides pseudo-linear operation for an on-off thruster. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on a FS, which is a hub with symmetric cantilever flexible beam appendages and can undergo a single axis rotation. The results have been proven the potential of this technique to control FS.

Prevention of wing rock motion for lightly damped aircraft in lateral-directional dynamics

Based on the Ricatti technique, the methodology for preventing the limit cycle accomplished by adding a control function to the original equation of wing rock motion is presented in this paper. To analyze the state variables of the system, the complete set of nonlinear equations of motion including an effective linear control function was solved for A-4D and Mig-21 Aircraft. The roll angle responding to the linear control function for both models was estimated when the systems were tested under different damping ratios. The numerical re- suits show that a linear control function including both the roll attitude and the roll rate is sufficient to suppress the wing rock motion with an acceptable error in desired time. A good agreement between the numerical results and the published work is obtained for the limit cycle oscillation existence at different damping ratios.

Vacuum Ultraviolet Photodissociation Dynamics of N_(2)O+hν→N_(2)(X^(1)Σg+)+O(^(1)S0) in the Short Wavelength Tail of D^(1)Σ+Band

Vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of N2O+hν→N2(X^(1)Σg+)+O(^(1)S0)in the short wavelength tail of D^(1)Σ+band has been investigated using the time-sliced velocity-mapped ion imaging technique by probing the images of the O(^(1)S0)photoproducts at a set of photolysis wavelengths including 121.47 nm,122.17 nm,123.25 nm and 123.95 nm.The product total kinetic energy release distributions,vibrational state distributions of the N2(X^(1)Σg+)photofragments and angular anisotropy parameters have been obtained by analyzing the raw O(^(1)S0)images.It is noted that additional vibrationally excited photoproducts(3≤v≤8)with a Boltzmann-like feature start to appear except the non-statistical component as the photolysis wavelength decreases to 123.25 nm,and the corresponding populations become more pronounced with decreasing of the photolysis wavelength.Furthermore,the vibrational state specific anisotropy parameterβat each photolysis wavelength exhibits a drastic fluctuation nearβ=1.75 at v<8,and decreases to a minimum as the vibrational quantum number further increases.While the overall anisotropy parameterβfor the N2(X^(1)Σg+)+O(^(1)S0)channel presents a roughly monotonical increase from 1.63 at 121.47 nm to 1.95 at 123.95 nm.The experimental observations suggest that there is at least one fast nonadiabatic pathway from initially prepared D^(1)Σ+state to the dissociative state with bent geometry dominating to generate the additional vibrational structures at high photoexcitation energies.

Dynamic Characteristics of the Crankshaft System with Coupling Effect

The nonlinear dynamic model of the marine diesel crankshaft system with a propeller and 6 cranks is established, in which the variable moment of inertia of the linkage and the piston, coupling effect between torsional and axial vibration, the actuating force applied on the piston, the actuating torque and force applied on the propeller is included. The governing equations of the model denote a strong nonlinear and non autonomous system. By numeric simulation, the dynamic response of the system to initial displacement and initial speed, variable moment of inertia, the pressure applied on the piston by combustion gas, the torque and the axial force applied on the propeller by fluid is researched respectively. According to the research results, the variable moment of inertia and coupling effect between torsional and axial vibration are the fundamental reason for nonlinear vibration. Different actuating factors can not only result in different frequency components of the response, but make the same frequency component have different vibration amplitude. The dynamic behavior of the system is not influenced obviously by the actuating torque and force applied on the propeller. There is obvious difference in sensitivity of the dynamic response in the different direction to the same actuating factor.