基于振动梁法小弹性模量材料阻尼特性测试研究

振动梁法可以获取"金属层+阻尼层+金属层"三明治梁的结构损耗因子,进而求得阻尼材料的材料损耗因子。但是通过理论研究发现,当阻尼材料的弹性模量低于10 MPa时,在外载荷作用下,三明治梁的上下金属层对阻尼层产生明显的横向挤压,不满足振动梁法的理论假设。为此,提出一种仿真与试验相结合的方法获取了HT 800、Regufoam 2000和SR 450这三种小弹性模量阻尼材料的材料损耗因子。在试验部分,利用振动梁法获取三明治梁结构阻尼损耗因子,以此作为仿真中结构损耗因子的目标值。仿真部分,建立三明治梁有限元模型,通过不断改变材料损耗因子的输入值获取模型相应的结构损耗因子,直到仿真与试验结构损耗因子相等时,仿真中相应的材料损耗因子值即为小弹性模量阻尼材料损耗因子。该种测试方法为小弹性模态阻尼材料阻尼测试提供了参考。

岩棉夹芯金属屋面板的阻尼性能研究

岩棉夹芯金属板广泛应用于大跨度屋盖结构中,其弱刚度和阻尼性能会改变屋面脉动风荷载特性并影响屋盖结构的风振性能,但目前在设计中还鲜有考虑。对岩棉夹芯材料的拉压强度、弹性模量和泊松比等基本力学参数进行了测试。采用振动梁法进行了岩棉夹芯材料的阻尼性能试验,根据试验结果拟合得到了其损耗因子-频率曲线。进一步对一块0.4 m×2 m的典型跨度岩棉夹芯屋面板的阻尼特性进行数值分析,运用模态应变能法计算出该屋面板各阶模态下的损耗因子。结果表明,岩棉夹芯金属屋面板的模态损耗因子可高达0.5,其中垂直屋面板主振型的最小损耗因子都接近0.2,说明屋面板的阻尼效应在结构风振分析中不容忽视。

玻璃纤维夹芯材料力学性能与阻尼特性分析

对大跨度建筑用复合金属屋面板的玻璃纤维夹芯材料的力学性能进行了试验测定。测得了玻璃纤维棉层压方向和顺纹方向的拉压强度、弹性模量和泊松比等基本力学参数,结果表明层压方向和顺纹方向的力学性质不相同。采用振动梁法进行了阻尼特性试验,得到了材料损耗因子的值,并根据试验数据拟合出了玻璃纤维棉损耗因子-频率的曲线,在测试频率范围内材料的损耗因子值为0.5左右,表明该材料为高阻尼材料。进一步以一块玻璃纤维夹芯复合金属板为算例,采用模态应变能法对其阻尼特性进行了数值分析。玻璃纤维夹芯复合屋面板的各阶模态损耗因子在0.3～0.5左右,表明玻璃纤维夹芯复合金属板具有较高的结构阻尼,在大跨度结构风振计算中将玻璃纤维夹芯复合金属屋面板看作刚性板是不正确的。

硬涂层材料特性参数辨识

采用振动梁法对硬涂层材料TiZrN的机械特性参数进行辨识测试。首先详细叙述振动梁法辨识涂层材料参数的原理性公式,并在此基础上搭建基于振动梁法的硬涂层材料机械特性参数实验系统。根据此测试系统,对硬涂层材料TiZrN的力学特性参数进行测试研究,获得对应结构涂层前后前3阶弯曲模态的固有频率和损耗因子,进而辨识出TiZrN的弹性模量和损耗因子。最后,对可能产生的参数识别误差进行分析,并结合振动梁法辨识公式,分析各输入参数对硬涂层材料力学参数识别结果的敏感性。

复合材料层合板阻尼性能的预测与分析

本研究通过纤维种类、纤维角度、加载频率等参数的试验研究,分析了不同参数变化对复合材料阻尼性能的影响;基于复合材料经典层合理论模型,结合振动梁阻尼性能试验,采用半功率带宽法表征试验结果,分析了纤维材质、激振频率、纤维角度等参数对复合材料阻尼性能的影响,并应用Ritz有限元法预测纤维角度与复合材料阻尼性能的关系,与试验结果进行验证。试验结果表明,树脂基体和纤维体积含量相同的情况下,玻璃纤维阻尼性能优于碳纤维,且纤维角度在35°附近时阻尼损耗因子达到极值,同时本研究采用Ritz法较好地预测了纤维角度对阻尼性能的影响。

Improvement for design of beam structures in large vibrating screen considering bending and random vibration

Demand for large vibrating screen is huge in the mineral processing industry. As bending and random vibration are not considered in a traditional design method for beam structures of a large vibrating screen, fatigue damage occurs frequently to affect the screening performance. This work aims to conduct a systematic mechanics analysis of the beam structures and improve the design method. Total motion of a beam structure in screening process can be decomposed into the traditional followed rigid translation(FRT), bending vibration(BV) and axial linear-distributed random rigid translation(ALRRT) excited by the side-plates. When treated as a generalized single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) elastic system analytically, the BV can be solved by the Rayleigh's method. Stochastic analysis for random process is conducted for the detailed ALRRT calculation. Expressions for the mechanics property, namely, the shearing force and bending-moment with respect to BV and ALRRT, are derived, respectively. Experimental and numerical investigations demonstrate that the largest BV exists at the beam center and can be nearly ignored in comparison with the FRT during a simplified engineering design. With the BV and FRT considered, the mechanics property accords well with the practical situation with the maximum error of 6.33%, which is less than that obtained by traditional method.

Cross spectral energy method for damage assessment of the cable-stayed bridge under operational conditions

The new cross spectral energy method(CSEM)is proposed for maintaining cable-stayed bridge safe-ty by the measurable output-only vibration response.Damage assessment of real structures is limited by aseries of problems such as unknown ambient excitation forces,errors introduced by system identification,incomplete dynamic measurements,etc.Thus the methodology based on cross spectral energy of eachsubstructure member is derived to meet these challenges.The novel damage index does not require anymodal or parameter identification technology.It can be calculated directly from vibration test data.In or-der to evaluate the efficiency of the presented methodology,a three dimensional(3D)actual cable-stayedbridge model with one or more damaged positions under operational conditions was studied.In order totestify the reliability of damage detection method,the response data was polluted by the random noise.Itis proved that the proposed method can successfully localize all damage cases even in noisy data.Withthe help of examples,the CSEM can potentially be applied as a nondestructive evaluation technique(NDT)for on-line health monitoring of cable-stayed bridges with minimum disruption of its operations.

Semi-active Control with Variable Damper for Pier-Beam Transversal Vibration

In this paper, the method of semi-active control with variable damper is presented to deal with the relatively poor transversal seismic condition of bridge. Based on the LQR control algorithm the control effectiveness for transverse vibration of pier-beam structure of bridge are discussed. Taking the structure as a multiple-degree of freedom system, the calculating model of structure-variable damper system is set up and the differential equation is derived, combined with practical example the control system is simulated and studied by various semi-active control algorithms and passive strategy with MATLAB. The results show that the semi-active control with variable damper can decrease the transverse vibration effectively and the control effect is obvious.

Nonlinear vibration of edged cracked FGM beams using differential quadrature method

This paper investigated the nonlinear vibration of functionally graded beams containing an open edge crack based on Timoshenko beam theory.The cracked section is modeled by a massless elastic rotational spring.It is assumed that material properties follow exponential distributions through the beam thickness.The differential quadrature(DQ) method is employed to discretize the nonlinear governing equations which are then solved by a direct iterative method to obtain the nonlinear vibration frequencies of beams with different boundary conditions.The effects of the material gradient,crack depth and boundary conditions on nonlinear free vibration characteristics of the cracked FGM beams are studied in detail.